This document summarizes various contraceptive methods for both males and females. It discusses spacing methods like barrier methods (condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps), chemical methods (pills, injections, implants), and IUDs. It also covers terminal methods for permanent contraception like tubal ligation and vasectomy. It provides details on how different contraceptives work, their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy, and important benefits and risks to consider. A wide range of options are presented to suit different individual needs and circumstances for family planning and birth control.

2.  The term contraception refers to the process of avoiding
pregnancy while engaging in sexual intercourse.
 The main aim of contraception is family planning.
 Mostly used to prevent overpopulation and STD’s.
 Also recommended in women suffering from heart diseases

3.  Contraceptives methods in females:-
 Spacing methods
◦ Rhythm method
◦ Barrier method
◦ Chemical methods
◦ IUCDS
 Terminal methods
◦ Surgical methods
 Tubectomy
 Laparoscopic occlusion
◦ Medical termination of pregnancy
 Dilatation and Curettage
 Vaccum aspiration
 Administration of prostaglandins

4.  Rhythm method

5.  Barrier method
 Mechanical barriers
 Female condoms

6.  Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
NuvaRing is a flexible plastic (ethylene-
vinyl acetate copolymer) ring that
releases a low dose of a progestin and
an estrogen over 3 weeks.

7. The diaphragm is a flexible rubber cup
that is filled with spermicide and self-
inserted over the cervix prior to
intercourse. The device is left in place
several hours after intercourse. The
diaphragm is a prescribed device fitted by
a health care professional and is more
expensive than other barrier methods,
such as condoms

8. The cervical cap is a flexible rubber cup-like device that is filled
with spermicide and self-inserted over the cervix prior to
intercourse. The device is left in place several hours after
intercourse. The cap is a prescribed device fitted by a health care
professional and can be more expensive than other barrier
methods, such as condoms.

9.  Chemical barriers
 Creams, Gels,Foams
 Film,Sponge

10. ◦ Chemical methods
◦ Oral contraceptives are the drugs
taken by mouth (pills) to prevent
pregnancy.
◦ These pills prevent pregnancy by
inhibiting maturation of follicles
and ovulation.
◦ The menstrual cycle becomes the
anovulatory cycle.
◦ These pills contain synthetic
estrogen and progesterone.
◦ Contraceptive pills are of three
types:
◦ 1. Classical or combined pills
◦ 2. Sequential pills
◦ 3. Minipills or micropills.
◦ 4. Post – coital pills

11. Combined pill
 Most commonly used contraceptive method throughout the
world. It contain 21 tablets of estrogens & progestrones.
Marketed in India as Mala N and Mala D.
 Beginning on the 5th day of first cycle it is taken for 21 days at
the same time of day. Then 7 days gap is given. During this
time there will be estrogen withdrawl bleeding which is scanty.
Then another fresh packet is started.
 To avoid confusion of one week gap government supplied
packets contain 28 tablets. 21 are steroid 7 are placebos (may
contain ferrons fumarate).

12.  Risk of excess mortality due to cardiovascular causes
(CAD, strokes, thrombo embolism).
 Increase in the incidence of endometrial and breast
cancers.
 Liver disorders, lactational problems.
 Breast tenderness, weight gain, headache and
bleeding disorders.
Benefcial effects:
 Include protection from benign breast diseases, ovarian
cysts, iron deficiency anemias, pelvic inflammatory
disease, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cancers.

13.  Prescribed in older women in whom combined pills are
contra indicated due to cardiovascular disorders.
Postcoital contraception (Morning after
pill)
 With in 72 hours After a unprotected intercourse women
takes 2 tablets of combined oral pills immediately,
followed by another 2 tablets after 12 hours.

14.  Stops ovulation
 Thins uterine lining
 Thickens cervical mucus

15. Prevents pregnancy
Eases menstrual cramps
Shortens period
Regulates period
Decreases
incidence of
ovarian cysts
Prevents ovarian
and uterine cancer
Decreases acne
• Breast tenderness
• Nausea
• Increase in
headaches
• Moodiness
• Weight change
• Spotting
Side-effects

16.  Birth control shot given once every three months to
prevent pregnancy
 99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
 No daily pills to remember

18.  Six capsules
 Five years
 Two capsules
 Three years

20.  IUCDS Intra Uterine Device (IUCD)

22.  Surgical procedure performed on a woman
 Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized, prevents eggs from
reaching sperm
 Failure rates vary by procedure, from 0.8%-3.7%


24.  Contraceptives methods in males:-
 Spacing methods
◦ Natural methods or coitus interruptus
◦ Barrier method
◦ Chemical methods
 Terminal methods
◦ Surgical methods
 Vasectomy
 No scalpel vas occlusion
◦ Miscellaneous methods
 Hot bath
 Tight fitted dresses

25. Natural methods or coitus interruptus

26. • Most common and effective barrier method when used
properly
• Latex and Polyurethane should only be used in the
prevention of pregnancy and spread of STD’s (including HIV)

27.  It is the most widely known and used barrier device by
males around the world.
 In Indai it is better known by its trade name ‘NIRODH’ a
sanskrit word.
 It is applied over the erect male gential organ just
before intercourse. Application of spermicidal jelly to
vagina is more effective. The sperms do not meet the
ovum. For each sex act a new condom is to be used.
 It is reliable, cheap, easy to use, reversible with no
complications.
 It also protects from sexually transmitted diseases
(STD).

32. Thank you