Consumer behaviour
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This document discusses consumer behavior and its importance. Consumer behavior is defined as the study of when, why, how, and where people buy products. It depends on consumer psychology and attempts to understand individual and group decision making processes. The main focus is customer satisfaction, as businesses exist only because of customers. Studying consumer behavior is important to develop better strategies, consider customer health, understand buying decisions, adapt to changing tastes, set prices, avoid failures, understand influencing factors, design satisfying products, decide product access, and determine effective promotion methods.
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Types of buying decision behavior
This document discusses different types of buying decision behaviors and business buying behaviors. It outlines four types of consumer buying decision behaviors: complex buying behavior, dissonance reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior, and variety seeking buying behavior. It also discusses key aspects of organizational or business buying behavior, including that decisions often involve multiple participants and are influenced by various marketing and non-marketing factors. The document contrasts business and consumer markets in terms of how decisions are made, the presence of experienced purchasers, time needed to make decisions, size of purchases, number of buyers, and type of promotional efforts needed. It also outlines three types of business purchase decisions: straight re-purchases, modified re-purchases, and new task purchases
Consumer behavior models
The document discusses various factors that influence consumer behavior and models of consumer behavior. It describes cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It then explains several traditional and contemporary models of consumer behavior, including the economic model, learning model, psychoanalytical model, sociological model, Howard Sheth model, Nicosia model, Engel-Blackwell-Minard model, and Webster-Wind model. Each model is summarized with an example to illustrate how it applies to understanding consumer decisions.
consumer-behavior-ppt
Consumer behavior is studied based on concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, marketing, and economics. It is important to study consumer behavior because customers can no longer be taken for granted. Failure rates of new products are high, with only 56% of new products remaining on the market after 5 years and only 8% of new concepts making it to market, with 83% of those failing to meet objectives. All managers must become skilled at analyzing consumer motivation and behavior in order to succeed.
Consumer Behaviour.ppt
Consumer behaviour is the study of how individual customers, groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose ideas, goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants
Consumer Behaviour
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence consumer purchase decisions. It outlines a simple model of consumer behavior involving marketing stimuli, the buyer's black box of characteristics and decision making processes, and the buyer's response. It then discusses the psychological, social, cultural, and personal characteristics affecting consumer behavior and lists the stages in the buyer decision process.
Product & Pricing Strategies
This presentation helps the beginner to build insight about the 2P's (Price & Product) out of the 4 Marketing P's (which are Product, Price, Place, & Promotion)
Introduction to consumer behavior
Meaning and nature of buyer behavior, differences between consumer buying and organizational buying in terms of characteristics and process, Strategic use of consumer behavior knowledge in marketing and public policy decisions. Modern Consumerism and the global consumer movement
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Types of buying decision behavior
This document discusses different types of buying decision behaviors and business buying behaviors. It outlines four types of consumer buying decision behaviors: complex buying behavior, dissonance reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior, and variety seeking buying behavior. It also discusses key aspects of organizational or business buying behavior, including that decisions often involve multiple participants and are influenced by various marketing and non-marketing factors. The document contrasts business and consumer markets in terms of how decisions are made, the presence of experienced purchasers, time needed to make decisions, size of purchases, number of buyers, and type of promotional efforts needed. It also outlines three types of business purchase decisions: straight re-purchases, modified re-purchases, and new task purchases
Consumer behavior models
The document discusses various factors that influence consumer behavior and models of consumer behavior. It describes cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It then explains several traditional and contemporary models of consumer behavior, including the economic model, learning model, psychoanalytical model, sociological model, Howard Sheth model, Nicosia model, Engel-Blackwell-Minard model, and Webster-Wind model. Each model is summarized with an example to illustrate how it applies to understanding consumer decisions.
consumer-behavior-ppt
Consumer behavior is studied based on concepts from psychology, sociology, anthropology, marketing, and economics. It is important to study consumer behavior because customers can no longer be taken for granted. Failure rates of new products are high, with only 56% of new products remaining on the market after 5 years and only 8% of new concepts making it to market, with 83% of those failing to meet objectives. All managers must become skilled at analyzing consumer motivation and behavior in order to succeed.
Consumer Behaviour.ppt
Consumer behaviour is the study of how individual customers, groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose ideas, goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants
Consumer Behaviour
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence consumer purchase decisions. It outlines a simple model of consumer behavior involving marketing stimuli, the buyer's black box of characteristics and decision making processes, and the buyer's response. It then discusses the psychological, social, cultural, and personal characteristics affecting consumer behavior and lists the stages in the buyer decision process.
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Market Segmentation
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Consumer behavior Introduction with Models
Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items. It looks at how products or services are selected, purchased, and disposed of. Understanding consumer behavior is important for businesses as it helps with segmentation, identifying opportunities and threats, and formulating effective marketing strategies. Several models have been developed to understand and explain the various factors that influence consumer decision making.
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Consumer Decision Making
The document discusses key concepts related to consumer decision making and behavior. It covers the consumer decision making process, which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also outlines various factors that influence consumer decisions, such as cultural, social, individual, and psychological factors. Finally, it provides learning objectives that explain why marketers should understand consumer behavior and identify the different types of consumer decisions and levels of involvement.
Personal influence on consumer behavior
Consumer buying behavior is influenced by personal factors such as age, income, personality, and lifestyle. As people age, their tastes and choices change. Income impacts purchasing power and affordability. Consumers often choose brands that match their personality and prefer lifestyles that align with how they spend time and money.
Role of Opinion leaders in consumer behaviour
Opinion Leadership is the process by which one person (opinion leader) informally influences the actions or attitudes of others, who may be opinion seekers or merely opinion recipients
Consumer decision making process
1) The document discusses the consumer decision making process, which involves need recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternatives.
2) It examines factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, and personal characteristics as well as the psychological processes of motivation, perception, learning, beliefs, and attitudes.
3) The stages of the consumer decision process are outlined as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
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Retailing involves the direct sale of products and services to consumers for their personal use. Retail is driven by consumer spending which depends on disposable income and consumer confidence. Global retail sales have nearly doubled since the 1980s, with the US leading, and retail in Asian economies is growing 6-10% annually. Various types of retailers include specialty stores, department stores, supermarkets/hypermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores, and off-price retailers. Operational issues for retailers include supply chain management, pricing, sales channels, and retail strategies.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
This document discusses consumer behavior and the consumer buying process. It describes consumer behavior as studying how and why people make purchasing decisions. The consumer buying process has six stages: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also outlines four types of consumer buying behavior: routine response, limited decision making, extensive decision making, and impulse buying.
Consumer market
1. A consumer market consists of household consumers who purchase goods for personal or family use rather than for resale.
2. Key characteristics of a consumer market include that it is a marketplace catering to individual consumers, with goods bought for individual or family consumption rather than resale.
3. Examples of goods purchased for individual use include clothes and shoes, while groceries, fuel and cars are typically for family consumption, and large appliances like refrigerators and beds are generally not for resale.
Buyer behaviour
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence purchase decisions. It describes the consumer buying decision process as having 5 stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It then lists and explains the cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that affect consumer decisions at each stage of the process. Finally, it outlines 4 types of buying behavior: complex, dissonance, habitual, and variety-seeking.
Consumer behaviour
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior. It defines consumer behavior and notes it is influenced by factors like culture, social class, psychology, and more. It discusses the different types of consumers like customers, buyers, and institutional buyers. The document also outlines the consumer decision process from obtaining a product to consuming and disposing of it. It explains how understanding consumer behavior can help with marketing by informing market analysis, target selection, and strategy. The document concludes that understanding consumer needs and wants is important for business success.
Influence of reference groups on consumer behaviour
This document discusses key factors and groups that influence consumer purchasing decisions. It identifies 5 main factors: buyer psychology, personal characteristics, social characteristics, culture, and groups. It then describes different types of reference groups that consumers use for normative and comparative guidance, such as family, friends, work colleagues, celebrities, and experts. The level of influence depends on attributes like a group's credibility, attractiveness, and power, as well as how conspicuous the product is.
Analyzing Consumer Markets
This document outlines key concepts related to consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It discusses how cultural, social, and personal characteristics influence consumer behavior. It also describes the consumer buying process and different types of buying decisions. The central concept is a model of consumer behavior that shows how marketing and other stimuli interact with a consumer's characteristics and decision process to influence their responses.
Introduction to Consumer Behavior
The document discusses consumer behavior and organizational buyer behavior. It defines consumer behavior and explains why marketers should study it. It describes Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the consumer decision making process, which involves problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses cognitive dissonance and organizational buyer behavior, including the decision making unit and types of buying situations.
Consumer behaviour internal factors
This ppt would be useful for those wants to understand the internal factors affecting consumer behavior.
Consumer Buying Behavior
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It outlines the consumer buying decision process which includes problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also describes types of buying behavior like routine response, limited decision, and impulse buying. Key factors that influence consumer behavior are personal factors, psychological factors, social factors, cultural factors, and groups or family. The stages of the consumer buying process and examples of psychological versus functional motives are also summarized.
Consumer Perception
Perception involves selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information. Sensation is the immediate response to stimuli, while perception adds interpretation. Selective perception means we notice some things more than others based on internal factors like motivation and external ones like size and motion. Gestalt principles of perceptual organization include figure/ground, grouping, closure, and good continuation. Perceptual interpretation involves applying stereotypes, judging appearances, using descriptive terms, forming first impressions, and halo effects. Positioning creates an image for a product or service in consumers' minds through communications and benefits rather than attributes. Repositioning may be needed due to competitors, lifestyle changes, or target segments.
Karishma Sharma ,BBA ,Dezyne E'cole College
This document provides a summary of a student project report on consumer behaviour. It includes an introduction, 4 chapters and a conclusion. Chapter 1 provides an overview of consumer behaviour and its importance. Chapter 2 discusses the 5 stages of the consumer buying decision process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Chapter 3 will cover techniques and difficulties of consumer behaviour research. Chapter 4 will examine factors influencing consumer behaviour such as demographics, psychographics, and social influences. The conclusion will summarize the key findings.
consumer behaviour (1).pptx
The document discusses consumer behaviour, which is defined as the study of how, why, when, and where people make purchasing decisions as individuals and in groups. It examines the factors that influence consumer decisions, such as psychological, social, cultural, and personal factors. The key aspects of consumer behaviour covered include the consumer decision-making process, motives for purchasing, and the importance of understanding consumer behaviour for business success.
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Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption-related items. It looks at how products or services are selected, purchased, and disposed of. Understanding consumer behavior is important for businesses as it helps with segmentation, identifying opportunities and threats, and formulating effective marketing strategies. Several models have been developed to understand and explain the various factors that influence consumer decision making.
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This document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It describes the stimulus-response model of consumer behavior and identifies key cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics that affect consumer decisions. These include cultural and social class factors, membership in reference groups, roles and statuses, demographics, lifestyle, personality and motivation. It also outlines the five stages of the buyer decision process - need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it examines new product adoption and the influence of product characteristics and consumer innovativeness.
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The document discusses key concepts related to consumer decision making and behavior. It covers the consumer decision making process, which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also outlines various factors that influence consumer decisions, such as cultural, social, individual, and psychological factors. Finally, it provides learning objectives that explain why marketers should understand consumer behavior and identify the different types of consumer decisions and levels of involvement.
Personal influence on consumer behavior
Consumer buying behavior is influenced by personal factors such as age, income, personality, and lifestyle. As people age, their tastes and choices change. Income impacts purchasing power and affordability. Consumers often choose brands that match their personality and prefer lifestyles that align with how they spend time and money.
Role of Opinion leaders in consumer behaviour
Opinion Leadership is the process by which one person (opinion leader) informally influences the actions or attitudes of others, who may be opinion seekers or merely opinion recipients
Consumer decision making process
1) The document discusses the consumer decision making process, which involves need recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternatives.
2) It examines factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, and personal characteristics as well as the psychological processes of motivation, perception, learning, beliefs, and attitudes.
3) The stages of the consumer decision process are outlined as need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
Lecture 1 - Introduction to Retailing
Retailing involves the direct sale of products and services to consumers for their personal use. Retail is driven by consumer spending which depends on disposable income and consumer confidence. Global retail sales have nearly doubled since the 1980s, with the US leading, and retail in Asian economies is growing 6-10% annually. Various types of retailers include specialty stores, department stores, supermarkets/hypermarkets, convenience stores, discount stores, and off-price retailers. Operational issues for retailers include supply chain management, pricing, sales channels, and retail strategies.
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This document discusses consumer behavior and the consumer buying process. It describes consumer behavior as studying how and why people make purchasing decisions. The consumer buying process has six stages: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also outlines four types of consumer buying behavior: routine response, limited decision making, extensive decision making, and impulse buying.
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1. A consumer market consists of household consumers who purchase goods for personal or family use rather than for resale.
2. Key characteristics of a consumer market include that it is a marketplace catering to individual consumers, with goods bought for individual or family consumption rather than resale.
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The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence purchase decisions. It describes the consumer buying decision process as having 5 stages: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It then lists and explains the cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that affect consumer decisions at each stage of the process. Finally, it outlines 4 types of buying behavior: complex, dissonance, habitual, and variety-seeking.
Consumer behaviour
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior. It defines consumer behavior and notes it is influenced by factors like culture, social class, psychology, and more. It discusses the different types of consumers like customers, buyers, and institutional buyers. The document also outlines the consumer decision process from obtaining a product to consuming and disposing of it. It explains how understanding consumer behavior can help with marketing by informing market analysis, target selection, and strategy. The document concludes that understanding consumer needs and wants is important for business success.
Influence of reference groups on consumer behaviour
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Analyzing Consumer Markets
This document outlines key concepts related to consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It discusses how cultural, social, and personal characteristics influence consumer behavior. It also describes the consumer buying process and different types of buying decisions. The central concept is a model of consumer behavior that shows how marketing and other stimuli interact with a consumer's characteristics and decision process to influence their responses.
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The document discusses consumer behavior and organizational buyer behavior. It defines consumer behavior and explains why marketers should study it. It describes Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the consumer decision making process, which involves problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses cognitive dissonance and organizational buyer behavior, including the decision making unit and types of buying situations.
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This document provides a summary of a student project report on consumer behaviour. It includes an introduction, 4 chapters and a conclusion. Chapter 1 provides an overview of consumer behaviour and its importance. Chapter 2 discusses the 5 stages of the consumer buying decision process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Chapter 3 will cover techniques and difficulties of consumer behaviour research. Chapter 4 will examine factors influencing consumer behaviour such as demographics, psychographics, and social influences. The conclusion will summarize the key findings.
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The document discusses consumer behaviour, which is defined as the study of how, why, when, and where people make purchasing decisions as individuals and in groups. It examines the factors that influence consumer decisions, such as psychological, social, cultural, and personal factors. The key aspects of consumer behaviour covered include the consumer decision-making process, motives for purchasing, and the importance of understanding consumer behaviour for business success.
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This document provides an overview of buyer behavior and consumer behavior concepts. It defines consumer behavior as the study of how consumers select, buy, use, and dispose of goods and services. Understanding consumer behavior is important for businesses for several reasons, including shaping organizational fortunes, regulating consumption, developing marketing strategies, and formulating production policies. The document also discusses different types of consumer behaviors such as complex buying behavior, dissonance reduction behavior, variety seeking behavior, and habitual buying behavior. Overall, the key points are that consumer behavior research is important for marketing management and product development to understand customers' needs and provide satisfactory goods and services.
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1) Consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions on spending their resources on consumption items. It involves how consumers search for, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services.
2) Studying consumer behavior is important for marketers because it provides information on buyer motives and habits to help design effective marketing programs.
3) Consumer behavior draws from various disciplines like anthropology, psychology, economics, history and sociology to understand cultural, social, and psychological influences on consumers.
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The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It provides definitions of consumer behavior and discusses the need to study consumer behavior to satisfy customer needs, understand consumer psychology, motives, choices, and preferences. It then describes different types of consumer buying behavior including complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety seeking behaviors. The stages of the consumer buying decision process are outlined as well as psychological, social, cultural, personal, and economic factors that influence consumer decisions.
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Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
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Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
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Consumer behaviour
This document discusses consumer behavior, which is defined as how individuals select, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services to satisfy their needs. Understanding consumer behavior is important for developing effective marketing strategies around pricing, product design, segmentation, targeting, positioning, and promotion. The document outlines some key factors that influence consumer decisions, including product attributes, price, brand, store image, preferences, culture, and social class. It also describes different types of consumer behavior such as habitual, variety-seeking, and high involvement.
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This document provides an overview of Module 3 which covers buyer behavior and influencing factors. It begins with definitions of key concepts like consumer, buyer behavior, and factors that influence consumer decisions. Cultural factors like values, beliefs and customs shape needs and wants. Social factors such as reference groups, family, and roles/status also impact consumer behavior. Understanding these internal and external factors is important for marketers to satisfy consumer needs through effective product offerings and marketing strategies. The document then discusses types of consumer behavior and the need to study consumer behavior to aid in business success.
Chapter 4
The document discusses various topics related to consumer behavior, including problem recognition, motivation, attitudes, and environmental influences. It defines consumer behavior and describes how marketers study factors that impact purchase decisions. It also covers motivation theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and how motivation research is used. Key environmental influences discussed are culture, subcultures, social class, and reference groups. Learning theories around behaviorism and cognitivism are also summarized.
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The document discusses consumer behavior and provides definitions and explanations of key concepts. It defines a consumer as a person who makes purchase decisions for personal use based on preferences, beliefs, and needs. Understanding consumer behavior allows firms to develop products that meet consumer needs and wants, thereby increasing sales and profits. The document also outlines the consumer research process and different methods used, including secondary research, qualitative and quantitative primary research, and different data collection tools.
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Consumer behavior is the study of how, why, when, and where people buy products. It examines individual and group decision-making processes. Consumer behavior is influenced by internal factors like needs, motives, attitudes as well as external factors like culture, social groups, and the environment. Studying consumer behavior helps businesses better understand customer satisfaction and make strategic decisions around pricing, marketing, and product development. There are different types of consumer behavior depending on factors like a person's involvement in purchase decisions and differences between product options.
BRANDED OR GENERIC: THE DILEMMA OF PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN INDIA
This document summarizes a study on consumers' purchasing behaviors toward branded and generic medicines in India. It found that most participants (52.9%) considered price as the main factor influencing their decision to purchase generic versus branded medicines. Physician or pharmacist advice also impacted decisions for 48.6% of participants. While brands played a role, lower prices and equivalent therapeutic effects and availability of generics drove many consumers toward generic options. The study concluded that price, physician/pharmacist recommendations, and generic drug programs significantly guide consumers in India when choosing between branded and generic pharmaceuticals.
Consumer behaviour
This document discusses consumer behavior and factors that influence it. It defines key terms like consumer, buyer, and customer. It describes the consumer decision making process which involves need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It also outlines 4 types of consumer behaviors and discusses psychological, social, cultural, personal, economic, and environmental factors that influence consumer decisions.
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Consumer Behaviour
This document discusses consumer behavior and the factors that influence it. It defines consumer behavior as the process by which individuals decide what, when, where, how, and from whom to purchase goods and services. Understanding consumer behavior is important for marketers to determine production policies, target markets, analyze opportunities, and make marketing mix decisions. Factors that influence consumer behavior include personal factors like age and occupation, cultural factors like culture and social class, psychological factors like motivation and attitudes, and social factors like reference groups and family roles. Other influences include marketing campaigns, economic conditions, personal preferences, group influence, and purchasing power.
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Time series data is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Examples of time series data include stock prices over several years, daily temperature readings, or monthly sales figures. Time series data allows analysis of changes, trends, seasonality and other patterns in the data over time.
Semi average method
This document describes the method of semi-averages for measuring secular trends in data. The method involves dividing the data into two equal halves and calculating the arithmetic mean of each half. While simple to understand and apply, the method assumes a straight line relationship between data points and the trend line may change with additional data. The method is explained for both even and odd datasets.
Ratio to trend
The ratio of the current price of a stock to its moving average price over a period of time is used to determine if the stock is overbought or oversold. A ratio over 1 means the stock is trading above its trend and could be overbought, while a ratio under 1 means it is trading below its trend and may be oversold. Traders watch the ratio to trend to help identify potential buy or sell opportunities based on the stock moving back in line with its trend.
Ratio to moving average method
The ratio to moving average method is the most widely used method of measuring seasonal variations. It calculates seasonal variations by taking the ratio of current sales to the moving average of sales for the same period over several previous years. This method helps identify seasonal patterns by comparing current sales activity to historical averages for the same time period.
Moving average method
The moving average method calculates averages for subsets of data over a period of time to smooth out short-term fluctuations and highlight longer-term trends or cycles. For example, a two-year moving average is calculated by finding the average of years 1 and 2, then the average of years 2 and 3, and the average of years 3 and 4. Moving averages are typically plotted to visualize trends over time.
Least square method
The document discusses the least squares method, which is a statistical technique for finding the best-fitting linear regression line for a set of data points by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals, or offsets of the data points from the line. It provides the formulas for calculating the slope (b) and y-intercept (a) of the regression line, and applies the method to fit trend lines to sample sales data for TVs and air conditioners from 2007 to 2012, predicting future sales for 2015.
Method of simple averages
The document describes the method of simple averages to measure seasonal variations. It outlines the procedure which involves arranging data by time period like months or quarters. The sums for each period are calculated and averages found. A grand average is determined. Seasonal indices are computed by dividing the average of each period by the grand average. Examples are given for calculating indices using monthly or quarterly data.
Sampling
This document describes different sampling methods used in research:
- Simple random sampling involves randomly selecting participants from the entire population so that everyone has an equal chance of selection.
- Systematic sampling lists the population numerically and selects participants at regular intervals, like every 10th person.
- Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups or "strata" based on characteristics and randomly selects participants proportionally from each subgroup.
- Cluster sampling divides the population into subgroups with similar characteristics and randomly selects entire subgroups rather than individuals.
- Convenience sampling and voluntary response sampling involve selecting easily accessible participants, but results may not be generalizable to the entire population.
- Snowball sampling recruits participants through other participants when the full population is
Report Writing
A research report summarizes research that has been conducted. It typically includes three main parts: an introduction describing the background and objectives of the research, a central part detailing the methodology, findings, and conclusions of the research, and an appendix including additional supporting materials. A good research report structure clearly outlines the objectives, methodology, analysis, findings, and conclusions of the research work.
Report writing
A research report summarizes research that has been conducted. It typically includes three main parts: an introduction describing the background and objectives of the research, a central part detailing the methodology, findings, and conclusions of the research, and an appendix including additional supporting materials. A good research report structure clearly outlines the objectives, methodology, analysis, findings, and conclusions of the research work.
Principles of a good research report
A good research report should be selective yet comprehensive, including all necessary details while excluding common knowledge. It must be accurate, objective, clear and simple without bias or ambiguities. The report should also be reliable, attractive, and prepared within budget constraints using proper language tailored to the target audience.
Primary data vs second Data
The document discusses three primary methods for collecting data: surveys, observation, and experimentation. Surveys involve asking questions of a sample group and recording their answers. Observation gathers information through direct observation without questioning respondents. Experiments are conducted in a controlled laboratory environment to study causes and effects.
Primary and secondary
The document discusses primary and secondary data. Primary data is original data collected directly by the researcher through methods like surveys, interviews, questionnaires. Secondary data is data originally collected by someone else through sources like publications, websites, government records. The advantages of primary data are it is specific to the researcher's needs and accurate, while it is time-consuming and expensive to collect. Secondary data is easily accessible and affordable but may be outdated or unreliable.
Precautions for writing research reports
This document provides precautions and guidelines for writing effective research reports. It recommends that reports be long enough to cover the topic but concise to maintain reader interest. Technical jargon and abstract terms should be avoided, using simple clear language instead. The layout and structure of the report must support the research objectives. It should contribute new knowledge, show original solutions, and include proper citations, formatting, and a bibliography.
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Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strate...
Tdasx: In-Depth Analysis of Cryptocurrency Giveaway Scams and Security Strategies
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
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Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdf
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
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Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trendsLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
Decoding job postings: Improving accessibility for neurodivergent job seekers
Improving the quality and accessibility of job postings is one way to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
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Discover essential details about Thailand's recent visa policy changes, tailored for tourists and students. Amit Kakkar Easy Visa provides a comprehensive overview of new requirements, application processes, and tips to ensure a smooth transition for all travelers.
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
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In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Seeman_Fiintouch_LLP_Newsletter_Jun_2024.pdf
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Enhancing Asset Quality: Strategies for Financial Institutions
Ensuring robust asset quality is not just a mere aspect but a critical cornerstone for the stability and success of financial institutions worldwide. It serves as the bedrock upon which profitability is built and investor confidence is sustained. Therefore, in this presentation, we delve into a comprehensive exploration of strategies that can aid financial institutions in achieving and maintaining superior asset quality.
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Consumer behaviour
- 1. Consumer Behaviour P.Pandidurai M.A., M.phil., Assistant Professor Prof.Dhanapalan College of Arts and Science
- 2. Consumer Behavior Consumer Behavior is the study of when, why, how and where people do or do not buy a product. It basically depends on the psychology of the consumer. It attempts to understand the buyer decision making process both individually & in groups. In the study of Consumer Behaviour main focus is the customer satisfaction because customer is the only person with whose presence businesses actually exists
- 3. Importance/Need of study of consumer behaviour • To make better strategies for increasing profits. • To take into consideration customer’s health, hygiene & fitness. • To know the buying decisions and how consumer make consumption. • Consistent change in Consumer’s tastes or preferences. • Consumer behavior study is necessary to make pricing policies. • To avoid future market failures.
- 4. Cont… • To understand why, when, how, what and other factors that influence buying decision of the consumers. • To design the best possible product or service that fully satisfies consumer’s needs and demands. • To decide where the service or product would be made available for easy access of consumers. • To decide the price at which the consumers would be ready to buy that product or service. • To find out the best method of promotion that will prove to be effective to attract customers to buy a product.