The document discusses green building principles and materials. It defines green building as construction practices that are environmentally responsible and efficient over a building's entire lifecycle. Green buildings aim to reduce energy and water usage, minimize waste, and promote health. Key principles include sustainable site design, water conservation, energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and use of green materials like recycled steel and dimension stone. The case study highlights the CII Godrej Green Building Center in India, which uses strategies like solar power, natural ventilation, water recycling, and earth sheltering to achieve high resource efficiency.

1. GREEN BUILDING

2. Introduction
 While the definition of what constitutes a green building is constantly evolving, the Office of
the Federal Environmental Executive offers a useful working definition. This agency defines
this term as:
 the practice of (1) increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy,
water, and materials, and (2) reducing building impacts on human health and the
environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and
removal—the complete building life cycle.
 Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines green building as follows:
 he practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible
and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and
complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and
comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or ‘high performance’ building.

3. Why does it matter?
 Takes an intelligent approach to energy
 Safeguards our water resources
 Minimises waste and maximises reuse
 Promotes health and well-being
 Keeps our landscape green
 Creates resilient and flexible structures
 Connects us
 Considers all stages of a building’s life-cycle

4. Fundamental Principles of Green Building
 Sustainable Site Design
 Water Quality and Conservation
 Energy and Environment
 Indoor Environmental Quality
 Materials and Resources

5. Green Building Materials
Green building materials are a rapidly developing and expanding sector of the construction
materials market. What constitutes a “green” material varies widely depending on the source.
While no official government standard exists to provide definable guidelines, the Federal Trade
Commission is working on such a plan. Meanwhile, the certification of green and/or sustainable
building materials has been left to professional trade organizations. While each sector of the
construction materials industry has its own or multiple sets of criteria, the common bond tends to
be the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
guidelines and standards. However, regardless of the source, the common elements that bind green
material evaluation are very similar and include– production energy usage and waste, low
toxicity/minimal emissions, recycled content/recyclability, locality of production, impact on indoor
air quality, and affordability.

6. Flooring
 Rapidly Renewable Flooring
 “Waste” Based Flooring Options

7.  Sustainable carpeting
 Dimension Stone :-
Dimension stone is the name given to natural quarried stones that are cut to required
dimensions and finished – such as granite, slate, limestone, sandstone, and marble. Used in
building facades, indoor flooring, and outdoor walkways, it is widely noted as one of the
most durable and green types of building materials. Of special note is the ease with which
dimension stone can be recycled during old building demolition and used either in whole
form or crushed into aggregates for use in concrete mixtures.

8.  Concrete:-
As a general building material, concrete is considered “green” by most standards, although
issues do arise concerning the amount of CO2 emissions released during cement its
production. One remedy to that concern has been the addition of supplemental cementing
materials to replace some of the Portland cement needed in the mix – to date this is generally
accomplished with the use of fly ash, which is obtained and recycled from coal burning
power plants.
 Recycled Steel:-
While the production of steel involves high emissions releases and large qualities of energy,
the use of recycled material accounts for 2/3 of new steel production by weight in the United
States. Additionally, the use of recycled materials reduces the necessary amount of energy
needed to produce steel product compared to that needed when using virgin ore.

9. Wall Finishes
 Natural Plaster
 Natural Paints

10. Tile
 Recycled stone tile
 Recycled Ceramic Tile

11. Insulation
 The insulating property of an opaque wall construction is indicated by the U-value. Use
construction materials with low U-values to improve insulation in all opaque areas of the
building envelope, not just the facade. Good roof insulation will have a major impact on
reducing the solar heat gain of low rise buildings.
 Cotton insulation

12. Reducing Urban Heat Islands with Green Roofs
 A green roof, or rooftop garden, is a vegetative layer grown on a rooftop. Green roofs provide
shade and remove heat from the air through evapotranspiration, reducing temperatures of the
roof surface and the surrounding air. On hot summer days, the surface temperature of a green
roof can be cooler than the air temperature, whereas the surface of a conventional rooftop can
be up to 90°F (50°C) warmer.

13. Case Study
 Growth of Green Buildings over the years:-

14. CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre
 Location
 Hyderabad, India
 Name
 CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre
 Developer
 The project is a unique and successful model of public-private partnership between the Government of
Andhra Pradesh, Pirojsha Godrej Foundation, and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), with the
technical support of USAID
 Architectural Design
 Karan Grover and Associates, India
 Size
 4.5 acres (total site area)
 1,858 m2 (total built up area)
 1,115 m2 (total air-conditioned area)

15.  Type
 Office building
 Building details
 Office building
 Seminar hall
 Green Technology Centre displaying the latest and emerging green building materials and
technologies in India Large numbers of visitors are escorted on green building tour
 Ratings
 Awarded the LEED Platinum Rating for New Construction (NC) v 2.0 by the U.S. Green
Building Council (USGBC) in November 2003

16.  CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre

17.  Location
 Climate responsive design

18.  Entrance
 The main gate opens to a long driveway with lush greenery on both sides creating
EMPHASIS to the entrance
 The main building has direct access from the main road,
 But the entrance to it is from the inside to ensure privacy and security

19.  Parking and accessibility
 Bicycle riders are treated preferentially - convenient parking, lockers, shower cleaning
 30 % of employee transportation: carpools, bicycles, and LPG cars
 Use of battery operated vehicles encouraged – Charging stations available
 The documented reduction of harmful emissions achieved is 62 %
 Encourage building occupants to minimize their reliance on fossil fuel-based transportation.

20.  The traditional centre courtyard with colonnaded corridors:-
 The spatial and formal elements around a courtyard create introverted blueprint.
 Courtyard space was not rigidly fixed but could be adaptable depending on the time of day, season
 Its mood changed with varying degrees of light and shade, and with them the ambience
 Centrally located, serves as visual anchor. It was the spatial, social, and environment control
centre of the home.
 By building them around a central open space ensured close relationships between separate units
 Brought in an additional usable space within the living space.

21.  Light and ventilation
 Building layout ensures that 90 % of spaces have daylight access and views to the outside.
 North facades are glazed for efficient diffused light
 Low heat transmitting glass used
 Double glass to further reduce heat gain
 Natural lighting - no lights are used until late in the evening
 Minimum lux levels for all work stations have been ensured
 Light captured from as many sides possible - the use of courtyards

22.  Jali wall:-
 Allow controlled passage of air and light into the interior space.
 throw patterns of light and shadow on the floor enhancing aesthetics
 Ensure constant flow of breeze into the interior - occupant comfort cools the interiors
 An alternative to costly window construction
 Diffuse the glare of direct sunlight.

23.  Energy efficiency:-
 Use of Solar photovoltaic cells on the rooftop grid provides about 24 kilowatts, or 16 % of
the building's electricity needs.
 Placed appropriately on the roof facing South and West to capture maximum heat gain

24.  Wind scoop:-
 Energy savings are achieved by the GBCs two wind towers
 Air, cooled by up to 8 ^C, is supplied to the AHUs, substantially reducing the load
on the air conditioning system.
 A heavily insulated roof further reduces the cooling load.

25.  Earth sheltering:-
 Earth sheltering is a an ancient architectural practice of using earth against building walls/
roofs for external thermal mass, to reduce heat loss, and to easily maintain a steady indoor
air temperature.
 Roof Gardens cover 55 % of the exposed roof area of the building – high reduction of heat
gain

26.  Water treatment:-
 All wastewater generated - recycled by "root zone treatment" - simultaneously irrigates the
vegetation.
 Low operating cost, less energy requirement and ease of maintenance
 Attractive alternative for wastewater management
 Enhances the Landscape

27. Energy efficient building
 Site selection:-
 Energy used in driving from place to place can amount to a significant proportion of a
household’s total energy consumption. By locating new houses near to workplaces, schools,
public transport routes, etc., transport energy consumption can be reduced.
 Transmission of sunshine through windows (passive solar heating) can reduce heating costs. The
selection of a site which is exposed to the low-altitude winter sun can allow for passive solar
heating.

28.  Building form and orientation:-
 A compact building form of minimum surface-to-volume ratio is best for reducing heat loss.
However, a rectangular building with one of the longer facades facing south can allow for
increased passive solar heating, day-lighting and natural ventilation. As well as reducing
energy costs, sunny south-facing rooms also have high amenity value.
 Projections such as bay and dormer windows should be kept to a minimum, since by
increasing the surface-to-volume ratio of the building, they will increase heat loss. They also
tend to be more difficult to insulate effectively.
 Pitched roofs should have one slope oriented south to allow for optimum performance of a
roof-mounted or roof-integrated active solar heating system. Even if such a system is not
planned during construction, it may be installed at some stage during the life of the building.

29. Building Fabric and Structure
 Insulation:-
 Levels of insulation higher than those required in the Building Regulations are in
many cases economically justified. Insulation should be well distributed around
the building shell. It is better to have a good overall level of insulation than, for
example, a highly insulated floor with no roof insulation.

30.  Ventilation:-
 Adequate ventilation is essential to provide fresh air and to remove moisture, odours and
pollutants. However, excessive ventilation during the heating season results in energy wastage
and can also cause discomfort due to draughts.
 Controlled vents should be installed in every room; trickle or slot vents incorporated in
window frames can ensure a reasonable amount of continuous fresh air and can be opened up
or closed down to a minimum as required.

31.  Lighting and Appliances:-
 Energy-efficient lamps and fittings should be chosen for all rooms where lights are likely to
be switched on for long periods - living rooms, kitchens, halls, security lighting etc. While a
compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) costs more to buy than an ordinary tungsten bulb, the
energy savings it will yield will more than recoup the investment over its long operating
life.
 All fridges, freezers, washing machines and tumble dryers on display in shops are now
required by law to display Energy Labels indicating their energy efficiency. These labels can
assist the purchaser in selecting an energy efficient model.

32. Green Building Rating System
 Why rating System?
 Some of the benefits of a green design to a building owner, user, and the society as a whole are as
follows:
 Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels (lower operational costs)
 Reduced water consumption
 Reduced system sizes (HVAC, transformers, cabling, etc.) for optimal performance at local
conditions.
 Reduced investment (lifecycle cost)
 Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, biodiversity, reduced soil loss from erosion etc.
 Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)
 Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse
 Reduced pollution loads
 Increased user productivity
 Enhanced image and marketability

33. LEED
 Effective in India from 1st Jan 2007
 Based on professional reference standards like NBC, ASHRAE, and ECBC etc.
 Assessment by 3rd party assessors & USGBC
 Voluntary, Consensus- based, Market driven
 Certification levels

34.  Few LEED rated buildings in India:-
 Platinum rated:
 CII –Godrej GBC, Hyderabad
 ITC Green Centre, Gurgaon
 Wipro Technologies, Gurgaon
 Gold rated:
 IGP Office, Gulbarga
 NEG Macon, Chennai
 Grundfos Pumps, Chennai
 Silver Rated :
 L&T EDRC , Chennai

35.  Leed India Green Building Rating System

36. GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment
 GRIHA is India’s National Rating System for Green buildings. It has been developed by
TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) and is endorsed by the MNRE (Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy).
 It is based on nationally accepted energy and environmental principles, and seeks to strike a
balance between established practices and emerging concepts, both national and international.
 GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and
overall ecological/ environmental impact by comparing them to certain nationally acceptable
limits / benchmarks.
 It does so, adopting the five ‘R’ philosophy of sustainable development, namely

37.  Project scoring
 50-60 points is certified as a 1 star GRIHA rated building,
 61-70 is a 2 star GRIHA rated building,
 71-80 is a 3 star GRIHA rating building,
 81-90 is a 4 star GRIHA rated building and
 91-100 is a 5 star GRIHA rated building

38. IGBC
 IGBC green new buildings rating system® addresses green features under the
following categories:
 Sustainable Architecture and Design
 Site Selection and Planning
 Water Conservation
 Energy Efficiency
 Building Materials and Resources
 Indoor Environmental Quality
 Innovation and Development

39.  The various levels of rating awarded are as below:
 Certification Level Recognition

40. CONCLUSION
 the differences in green and normal building is that “Green Buildings” are more
environment friendly as they help in resources conservation .Also the initial cost may be
higher but they prove to be economical in long run. Due to this advantage it is predicted
that in 2 or 3 years there will be the 10% of the buildings will be green.
 Green building – high performance building increases the efficiency with which buildings
and their sites use and harvest energy, water, and materials.
 Green building brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce
and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health.
 The `Green Building' concept is gaining importance in various countries, including India.
These are buildings that ensure that waste is minimized at every stage during the
construction and operation

41.  The sustainability requirements are to a greater or lesser extent interrelated. The challenge for
designers is to bring together these different sustainability requirements in innovative ways. The
new design approach must recognize the impacts of every design choice on the natural and cultural
resources of the local, regional and global environments.
 The ‘GREEN BUILDING’ concept is gaining importance in various countries, including India.
These are buildings that ensure waste is minimized at every stage during the construction and
operation of the building, resulting in low costs, according to experts in technology.
 A Green building is a structure that is environmentally responsible and resource efficient
throughout its life cycle.
 Green building benefits:-
 Increased occupant health and comfort as well as cost savings.
 Reduction of VOCs that can off-gas from materials into the air we breathe.
 Absenteeism and employee turnover dramatically decreases in several studies.
 Reduced health care costs,

42.  Increased recruitment appeal to employees,
 Boost to reputation and public relations
 Shortened project timeline,
 Increased rents/asset values
 Longer tenant tenure
 Longer asset life
 Increased business traffic and purchasing
 Regulatory approval streamlining
 Remaining competitive as product and service providers
 Better access to funds and financing,
 Emotional benefits from doing something good

43. THANK YOU
-Malay Talaviya