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This document provides details on the constitutions of the USA, India, and Switzerland. It outlines key features of each constitution such as their amendment processes and the frameworks they establish. The USA constitution introduced new concepts like federalism, separation of powers, and judicial review. It can be amended through a two-thirds congressional majority and three-fourths of state legislatures. India has the world's longest constitution blending rigidity and flexibility, and amendments require simple or special majorities. Switzerland's federal constitution establishes a democratic republic with direct democracy, federalism, and a mixture of parliamentary and presidential systems.
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A word document on fedralism .
Federalism is a system of government where power is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units. The document provides examples of federal systems around the world, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Russia, South Africa, Germany, and the United States. It discusses the different types of federalism that have developed over time, from dual federalism to cooperative federalism to newer models. The roles and relationships between national and local/state governments have evolved in many places.
Cooperative federalism
The document discusses cooperative federalism in India, the United States, Australia, and Canada. It defines cooperative federalism as involving interaction between national, state, and local governments to solve common problems. In India, cooperative federalism is depicted through provisions in the constitution like the Seventh Schedule, All India Services, Zonal Councils, NITI Aayog, and GST. Mechanisms of cooperative federalism in other countries include intergovernmental agreements, delegation of powers, and executive/judicial cooperation. While India's constitution incorporates some elements of cooperative federalism, the central government still maintains superiority over states.
Federalism in India
This document discusses federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system that accommodates regional and national level governments, each with autonomous power over certain issues. India has a federal system outlined in its constitution, with power distributed between the national and state governments. The national government has authority over issues in the Union List, states over the State List, and both levels can legislate on Concurrent List issues. However, several factors make India's federalism somewhat centralized, such as the national government's financial strength and ability to pass directives to states. Center-state relations have faced conflicts especially around finances, state creation, and other issues.
Federal system of USA, India and Nepal
This presentation shows the federal government in different countries and also the base of similarities between them.
Federalism
This document discusses the theory and practice of federalism. It begins by defining a federal state as one where power is divided between central and regional governments according to a written constitution. The main advantages of federalism include increased efficiency, experimentation, political and cultural empowerment. Challenges include potential inefficiency and risk of oppression of minorities. The document then examines Myanmar's experience with federalism, including past conferences and constitutions. It outlines the sectors of governance divided between central and regional authorities in the 2008 constitution.
Federal And Unitary
The document discusses the differences between federal and unitary systems of government, with federalism involving a division of sovereignty between central and regional authorities. It analyzes proposals for shifting the Philippines from a unitary to a federal system, with various options suggested for dividing the country into federal states or regions based on geography, culture, language or economic viability. The motivation is to potentially boost economic development, decrease political violence, and improve governance through a more decentralized system of government.
4 federalism revision
Federalism has two levels of government with constitutionally divided powers. India has features of federalism but also unitary bias. Developing coalition politics and judicial activism are strengthening federal practices in India, aided by global economic forces favoring this trend.
Unitary Government
A unitary government is a system where one central authority, such as a national parliament, has ultimate governing authority over local governments and can override their decisions. Great Britain has a unitary system of government, with Parliament as the supreme authority. Key characteristics of Great Britain's unitary government include a constitutional monarchy with the Queen as head of state and the Prime Minister as head of government, a bicameral Parliament as the lawmaking body, and independence of the judicial system from Parliament.
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A word document on fedralism .
Federalism is a system of government where power is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and constituent political units. The document provides examples of federal systems around the world, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Russia, South Africa, Germany, and the United States. It discusses the different types of federalism that have developed over time, from dual federalism to cooperative federalism to newer models. The roles and relationships between national and local/state governments have evolved in many places.
Cooperative federalism
The document discusses cooperative federalism in India, the United States, Australia, and Canada. It defines cooperative federalism as involving interaction between national, state, and local governments to solve common problems. In India, cooperative federalism is depicted through provisions in the constitution like the Seventh Schedule, All India Services, Zonal Councils, NITI Aayog, and GST. Mechanisms of cooperative federalism in other countries include intergovernmental agreements, delegation of powers, and executive/judicial cooperation. While India's constitution incorporates some elements of cooperative federalism, the central government still maintains superiority over states.
Federalism in India
This document discusses federalism in India. It defines federalism as a system that accommodates regional and national level governments, each with autonomous power over certain issues. India has a federal system outlined in its constitution, with power distributed between the national and state governments. The national government has authority over issues in the Union List, states over the State List, and both levels can legislate on Concurrent List issues. However, several factors make India's federalism somewhat centralized, such as the national government's financial strength and ability to pass directives to states. Center-state relations have faced conflicts especially around finances, state creation, and other issues.
Federal system of USA, India and Nepal
This presentation shows the federal government in different countries and also the base of similarities between them.
Federalism
This document discusses the theory and practice of federalism. It begins by defining a federal state as one where power is divided between central and regional governments according to a written constitution. The main advantages of federalism include increased efficiency, experimentation, political and cultural empowerment. Challenges include potential inefficiency and risk of oppression of minorities. The document then examines Myanmar's experience with federalism, including past conferences and constitutions. It outlines the sectors of governance divided between central and regional authorities in the 2008 constitution.
Federal And Unitary
The document discusses the differences between federal and unitary systems of government, with federalism involving a division of sovereignty between central and regional authorities. It analyzes proposals for shifting the Philippines from a unitary to a federal system, with various options suggested for dividing the country into federal states or regions based on geography, culture, language or economic viability. The motivation is to potentially boost economic development, decrease political violence, and improve governance through a more decentralized system of government.
4 federalism revision
Federalism has two levels of government with constitutionally divided powers. India has features of federalism but also unitary bias. Developing coalition politics and judicial activism are strengthening federal practices in India, aided by global economic forces favoring this trend.
Unitary Government
A unitary government is a system where one central authority, such as a national parliament, has ultimate governing authority over local governments and can override their decisions. Great Britain has a unitary system of government, with Parliament as the supreme authority. Key characteristics of Great Britain's unitary government include a constitutional monarchy with the Queen as head of state and the Prime Minister as head of government, a bicameral Parliament as the lawmaking body, and independence of the judicial system from Parliament.
Federalism the LEGEND OF INDIA
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Federalism in Pakistan
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
Federalism
This document discusses federalism in India. It begins by defining federalism and explaining that it is a system of dual government that allows for regional and national levels of governance. In India, federalism is outlined in the constitution, which delineates powers between the central and state governments. However, the central government remains strong, as it can take control in emergencies and has financial powers over states. There are also ongoing conflicts around center-state relations, demands for more autonomy, and calls for new states that test India's federal system.
Federalism in India
Federalism: Meaning and Importance
Quasi-Federalism in India
Unitary and Federal Features in India
Centre-State Relations: Division of Powers
Challenges faced by Indian Federalism
Federalism and its features
The slides relate to Federalism and its features in light of the Constitution of India. Useful for law students and professionals
Federalism ch 4
The document provides an overview of the concept of federalism. It explains that federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central national government and sub-divisional state governments. It discusses how the US system of federalism was chosen over other alternatives like a unitary or confederation system. It also outlines the various powers held by the national and state governments, and how the federal government has expanded its powers over time through the courts and use of grants with conditions.
Federalism india
Federalism in India involves two levels of government - the central/union government and state governments. Some key aspects of Indian federalism include its written constitution that divides powers, an independent judiciary to resolve disputes, and institutions like the Finance Commission and Inter-State Council that link the two levels of government. Indian federalism has evolved over phases from the early dominance of the Congress party to the rise of powerful regional parties. It involves balancing national unity with regional autonomy and faces ongoing challenges in areas like center-state financial relations and dispute resolution mechanisms.
FEDERALISM
Federalism defines the relationship between the central/national government and regional/state/local governments, with powers distributed between these levels. A federation typically has two levels - the central government responsible for national interests, and state/provincial governments that administer local matters. India's constitution outlines a three-list system distributing legislative powers between the Union and States across subjects of national, state, and common interest. Center-state relations and strengthening local governments further decentralized India's federal system over time.
Chapter 2 federalism and the texas constitution
This document provides an overview of federalism and the Texas constitution. It discusses how federalism establishes a shared system of power between national and state governments. It then outlines the different Texas constitutions over history and how the current 1876 constitution places limits on government power and includes a bill of rights. The document concludes that while Texas has lost some freedoms under federalism, it has gained security and protection as part of the United States.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is divided between the central government and state governments. The constitution outlines three lists that distribute legislative powers - the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Local governments were later established as a third tier to further decentralize power and governance. Rural local governments are called panchayati raj systems while urban areas have municipalities and municipal corporations.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units. India practices federalism through its three-tier structure of national, state, and local governments. Key aspects include the division of powers outlined in the constitution, the creation of linguistic states for administrative ease, and flexibility in language policy to unite a diverse nation. While periods of central overreach have undermined federalism, India's success is largely due to democratic politics, the respect for autonomy, and the desire for different groups to live together.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent political units. Key features include multiple levels of government that govern the same citizens but have distinct areas of jurisdiction, clearly defined revenue sources for each level, and a constitutionally guaranteed division of authority that can only be amended by consent of both levels of government. India has a federal system with legislative powers divided between the central and state governments across three lists: the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Decentralization further devolves power to local authorities.
Federalism
Federalism refers to a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments according to the constitution. Key features include two levels of independent yet interdependent governments, division of powers outlined in three lists, and an adjudicating supreme court. Decentralization further devolves power to local rural and urban governments.
Federalism
The document discusses the concept of federalism in Malaysia. It begins by explaining how federalism was introduced in 1895 through the Federation of Malay States, which united four states under a central government. Federalism was further established in Malaysia in 1948 with the formation of the Federation of Malaya and in 1963 with the formation of Malaysia. The key features of federalism discussed include the distribution of powers between federal and state governments, and the separation of powers among the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Examples of federal and state functions are also provided, such as the federal government dealing with federal issues while states deal with intra-state matters.
Chap-2 federalism class 10
The ppt is based on the second chapter of class 10th's political science book. Any one can use my ppt for their school purpose.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is shared between the central and state governments according to the constitution. The key features of federalism in India include a division of powers listed in the Union, State, and Concurrent lists. States have been reorganized along linguistic and cultural lines, and special status has been granted to some. Federalism has largely succeeded in India due to the creation of linguistic states, language policy protections, and evolving center-state relations.
Federalism [e doc find.com]
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central federal government and several state or provincial governments. The key features of federalism include two or more levels of government, no fundamental changes can be made to the constitution without consent from all levels, and each level has a clearly specified revenue source to avoid conflict. Examples of federal countries include the United States, India, Canada, Germany, and Australia.
The Basic Structures Of Government
The document discusses different types of governments including unitary and federal systems. In a unitary system, power is centralized in the central government which exerts control over local authorities. Some unitary countries have taken steps to decentralize power to local or regional governments. In a federal system, composing units or states have constitutionally defined powers and authority over local matters but depend on the central government for security, economic and foreign policy issues. Federal systems are established to unite territories against common threats or for economic reasons.
Nemo iudex in causa sua
This document summarizes the legal maxim of "Nemo judex in causa sua" which means that no person can judge a case in which they have a personal interest. It discusses how this is a principle of natural justice to prevent bias and ensure fairness. The summary provides key details about the maxim and its importance in legal proceedings.
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Prescripcion ,, tesis
Este documento trata sobre la necesidad de reformar el Artículo 260 del Código de Trabajo de Guatemala para extender el plazo de prescripción en las reclamaciones laborales por despido. Actualmente, el plazo de prescripción es de 30 días, lo que perjudica a los trabajadores al no darles suficiente tiempo para hacer valer sus derechos. Se argumenta que el derecho laboral debe ser tutelar para proteger al trabajador y que extender el plazo a 6 meses respetaría mejor este principio. Finalmente, se propone un proyecto de
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Federalism in Pakistan
1) Federalism in Pakistan has been unstable since its establishment due to an uneven distribution of powers between the central and provincial governments and periods of military rule that suspended the constitution.
2) The central government maintained a dominant role over the provinces against the spirit of federalism. It frequently intervened in provincial matters and dismissed provincial governments, weakening the provinces.
3) Military rule for nearly 25 years also disrupted democracy and federalism, with authoritarian central governments weakening provincial representation and participation. Consistent democracy is needed to stabilize federalism in Pakistan.
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This document discusses federalism in India. It begins by defining federalism and explaining that it is a system of dual government that allows for regional and national levels of governance. In India, federalism is outlined in the constitution, which delineates powers between the central and state governments. However, the central government remains strong, as it can take control in emergencies and has financial powers over states. There are also ongoing conflicts around center-state relations, demands for more autonomy, and calls for new states that test India's federal system.
Federalism in India
Federalism: Meaning and Importance
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Federalism ch 4
The document provides an overview of the concept of federalism. It explains that federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central national government and sub-divisional state governments. It discusses how the US system of federalism was chosen over other alternatives like a unitary or confederation system. It also outlines the various powers held by the national and state governments, and how the federal government has expanded its powers over time through the courts and use of grants with conditions.
Federalism india
Federalism in India involves two levels of government - the central/union government and state governments. Some key aspects of Indian federalism include its written constitution that divides powers, an independent judiciary to resolve disputes, and institutions like the Finance Commission and Inter-State Council that link the two levels of government. Indian federalism has evolved over phases from the early dominance of the Congress party to the rise of powerful regional parties. It involves balancing national unity with regional autonomy and faces ongoing challenges in areas like center-state financial relations and dispute resolution mechanisms.
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Federalism defines the relationship between the central/national government and regional/state/local governments, with powers distributed between these levels. A federation typically has two levels - the central government responsible for national interests, and state/provincial governments that administer local matters. India's constitution outlines a three-list system distributing legislative powers between the Union and States across subjects of national, state, and common interest. Center-state relations and strengthening local governments further decentralized India's federal system over time.
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This document provides an overview of federalism and the Texas constitution. It discusses how federalism establishes a shared system of power between national and state governments. It then outlines the different Texas constitutions over history and how the current 1876 constitution places limits on government power and includes a bill of rights. The document concludes that while Texas has lost some freedoms under federalism, it has gained security and protection as part of the United States.
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Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is divided between the central government and state governments. The constitution outlines three lists that distribute legislative powers - the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Local governments were later established as a third tier to further decentralize power and governance. Rural local governments are called panchayati raj systems while urban areas have municipalities and municipal corporations.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units. India practices federalism through its three-tier structure of national, state, and local governments. Key aspects include the division of powers outlined in the constitution, the creation of linguistic states for administrative ease, and flexibility in language policy to unite a diverse nation. While periods of central overreach have undermined federalism, India's success is largely due to democratic politics, the respect for autonomy, and the desire for different groups to live together.
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent political units. Key features include multiple levels of government that govern the same citizens but have distinct areas of jurisdiction, clearly defined revenue sources for each level, and a constitutionally guaranteed division of authority that can only be amended by consent of both levels of government. India has a federal system with legislative powers divided between the central and state governments across three lists: the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Decentralization further devolves power to local authorities.
Federalism
Federalism refers to a system of government where power is shared between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is shared between the central government and state governments according to the constitution. Key features include two levels of independent yet interdependent governments, division of powers outlined in three lists, and an adjudicating supreme court. Decentralization further devolves power to local rural and urban governments.
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Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units. In India, power is shared between the central and state governments according to the constitution. The key features of federalism in India include a division of powers listed in the Union, State, and Concurrent lists. States have been reorganized along linguistic and cultural lines, and special status has been granted to some. Federalism has largely succeeded in India due to the creation of linguistic states, language policy protections, and evolving center-state relations.
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Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central federal government and several state or provincial governments. The key features of federalism include two or more levels of government, no fundamental changes can be made to the constitution without consent from all levels, and each level has a clearly specified revenue source to avoid conflict. Examples of federal countries include the United States, India, Canada, Germany, and Australia.
The Basic Structures Of Government
The document discusses different types of governments including unitary and federal systems. In a unitary system, power is centralized in the central government which exerts control over local authorities. Some unitary countries have taken steps to decentralize power to local or regional governments. In a federal system, composing units or states have constitutionally defined powers and authority over local matters but depend on the central government for security, economic and foreign policy issues. Federal systems are established to unite territories against common threats or for economic reasons.
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Similar to Constitution description
Constitution of India
The Constitution of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme law of India.[2][3] The document lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written national constitution in the world
Chapter 2 The American Federal System and the Texas State Con
Chapter 2: The American Federal System and the Texas State Constitution
Introduction
This chapter describes the broad outlines of the American federal system of government, and how that system is
established in the constitutions of both the United States and Texas. It begins by describing federalism and constitutions,
and then see how the United States Constitution assigns powers to the national and state governments. It then proceeds
to describe the development of the Texas Constitution, culminating with the constitution written in 1876 along with an
overview of how it has been amended through the election on November 2019.
What is a Constitution?
A constitution is a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a nation or state is
governed. It does the following :
- establishes the basis of governing authority
- outlines the structure of the government
- defines and enumerates its powers, and the limits on those powers
- clarifies the rights of the people.
All constitutions in the United States are based on the authority of the people – at least those with power - who live
within the borders of that governing system. The nature of the constitution is a reflection of their values and traditions.
The United States Constitution, and in turn the state constitutions, is based on the republican tradition that developed
over time in Britain, and included the common law. Texas, as we will see below, was rooted initially in Spanish law, and
Jacksonian democracy. The structure of the United States Constitution, written in the summer of 1787, was influenced
by the 13 state constitutions written after independence was declared from Britain. It then provided a model for all
subsequent state constitutions including Texas.
The original document was organized as follows:
Preamble – Which states that the constitution has been ordained and established by the people of the United States.
Article One – Vests the legislative powers in a bicameral Congress.
Article Two – Vests the executive power in a single person, the president.
Article Three – Vests the judicial power in a Supreme Court, and inferior courts established by Congress.
Article Four - Establishes the relationships between the states, and authorizes the creation of new states.
Article Five – The amendment process
Article Six – The national supremacy clause
Article Seven – the ratification process
27 Amendments, including a Bill of Rights, have been added since then.
The national document is brief, vague and limited in its scope.
What is a State Constitution?
Each of the 50 states have their own constitutions which allow for the organization of state governments according to
their own wishes, in accordance with what is allowable by the national constitution, specifically that they establish
republican governments. Local governments are organized under charters, which are similar to constitutions, except
t ...
Mls1 1
The US legal system is derived from English common law, which emphasized precedent and predictability. When framing new laws, the Founding Fathers expanded on English common law while also emphasizing individual rights and establishing a national government with state control over local matters. As a result, the US legal system is complex, with laws coming from various sources like the Constitution, statutes, common law, treaties, and administrative agencies that work together and integrate with each other. The Constitution establishes three branches of government - the executive, legislative, and judicial branches - that provide checks and balances to each other to protect fundamental individual rights.
Indian Constitution
The document summarizes the key features of the Indian constitution. It notes that the Indian constitution is the longest written constitution in the world, originally containing 395 articles across 8 schedules and 22 parts and now containing 448 articles across 25 parts and 12 schedules. It highlights some of the main features borrowed from other countries that influenced the Indian constitution, including parliamentary democracy from the UK, fundamental rights and an independent judiciary from the US, fundamental duties from the USSR, and the concept of directive principles of state policy from Ireland. The constitution establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary form of government, federal structure, and guarantees of fundamental rights.
CHAPT 3 INTRO TO POL SCI.ppt
This document provides an overview of constitutions and constitutionalism. It defines a constitution as the supreme law that establishes the framework for how a country is governed. Constitutions can be written, like in the US and Rwanda, or unwritten and based on traditions as in the UK. The document discusses the key elements and features of different types of constitutions, including flexible vs rigid and unitary vs federal systems. It provides historical context and examples to explain the concepts of constitution and constitutionalism.
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA .pptx
The document provides an overview of the Constitution of India. It begins by defining what a constitution is and its key purposes. It then discusses the types of constitutions based on origin, codification, and amendment procedures. The summary focuses on key details about the Indian Constitution, including that it is the longest written constitution in the world. It established India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government. The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly over several years and came into effect on January 26, 1950, replacing the prior British system of governance.
Class1a Constituent Assy
The document discusses key aspects of the Constitution of India:
1) It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and aims to secure justice, liberty, equality and fraternity for all citizens.
2) The constitution took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to draft and was passed on November 26, 1949 after extensive debate and consideration by the 284 members of the Constituent Assembly.
3) It lays out the basic political structures of India such as the organs of state including the legislature, executive and judiciary as well as fundamental rights and duties of citizens.
Legal System & Law Overview.pptx
This document provides an overview of India's legal system. It discusses that a legal system requires a defined land area, people, and government with international recognition. The Indian constitution established three branches of government - executive, legislature, and judiciary - based on the principle of separation of powers to prevent consolidation of power. The executive power is vested in the President. The legislature or parliament makes, reviews, and amends laws. The judiciary interprets laws and protects civil rights. Law is classified as substantive or procedural, and sources of law include customs, precedents, and legislation.
1st Unit.pptx
The document discusses the key features and history of the Indian constitution. It notes that the Indian constitution is the lengthiest in the world, containing 395 articles divided into 22 parts and 12 schedules. It was drafted over several years by the constituent assembly, which first met in 1946, and was adopted on November 26, 1949. Some of the salient features of the Indian constitution discussed include that it establishes a parliamentary democracy, borrowed elements from other constitutions but also has many unique aspects, and has undergone over 100 amendments.
Coi 1st and 2nd unit
The document provides information on key aspects of the Constitution of India:
- It is the longest constitution in the world, originally with 395 articles and now with over 400 after amendments.
- It draws from various other constitutions around the world, combining the best features of federal, unitary, parliamentary and presidential systems.
- Key features include fundamental rights, directive principles, an independent judiciary with power of judicial review, adult suffrage, and emergency provisions.
- It establishes India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic with goals of justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.
Nature and Importance of Indian Constitution
Nature and Importance of Indian Constitution
What is constitution?
Definitions
Nature of Indian Constitution:- Unitary or Federal
features of Quasi-Federal Constitution
Importance of Indian Constitution
Constitution of the United States
The document provides an overview of the Constitution of the United States, including its origins and structure. It discusses how the Articles of Confederation proved ineffective and led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention in 1787. The resulting Constitution established a federal republic with three branches of government and a system of checks and balances. It also describes the structure and powers of Congress, particularly the House of Representatives, including the process for apportioning representatives among the states based on population.
Federal system of government in malaysia
The document discusses the federal system of government in Malaysia. It describes how Malaysia has a federal constitution and 13 state constitutions, with power shared between federal and state governments. The federal government comprises the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The monarch is the head of state. Each state has its own legislative assembly and chief minister. Separation of powers exists between the different branches of government at both the federal and state levels.
Hist2 17 government and constitution
This document defines and explains different forms of government and constitutions. It discusses monarchies, aristocracies, democracies, unitary and federal systems of government, parliamentary and presidential systems, and written vs unwritten, rigid vs flexible, enacted vs evolved constitutions. As an example, it provides details about the government of Brazil, which has a federal system with an elected president and bicameral legislature.
Constitution completed exluded video
Constitution and it's brief explanation. Constitutions of Pakistan brief history. Constitution of Pakistan 1971 and conclusion
2011 United States Constitution
The United States Constitution was drafted at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Delegates debated plans for the new government, with James Madison's Virginia Plan proposing a strong federal government prevailing over the New Jersey Plan. The Great Compromise merged the two, creating a bicameral Congress. After ratification, the new government established three branches of power and a system of checks and balances to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful.
2011 us constitution powerpoint
The United States Constitution was drafted at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. Delegates debated plans for the new government, with James Madison's Virginia Plan proposing a strong federal government prevailing over the New Jersey Plan. The Great Compromise merged the two, creating a bicameral Congress. After ratification, the new government established three branches of power and a system of checks and balances to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Chapter 4 & 5 Notes
Federalism refers to a system of government where power is divided between national and state governments. The Constitution grants express, implied, and inherent powers to the national government, while reserving other powers for the states. Concurrent powers are shared between the national and state governments. Local governments exercise power granted by their state governments. The Supremacy Clause establishes that the Constitution takes precedence over other laws. The two-party system in the U.S. developed from the Federalists and Anti-Federalists and is maintained by the electoral system and ideological consensus among Americans.
Constitution and government
The document provides an overview of the Constitution of India and its government. It discusses the history of constitutions in India prior to independence. It then summarizes the framing of the Indian constitution by the Constituent Assembly headed by B.R. Ambedkar. Key features of the Indian constitution are outlined such as its flexible and rigid nature, republican and federal systems, and fundamental rights and duties. The roles and powers of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government are briefly described. In conclusion, it states that a democratic government requires a constitution to define its welfare functions and secure the rights of its people.
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Constitution description
- 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CONSTITUTION OF USA, INDIA AND SWITZERLAND POLITICAL SCIENCE BY – VIKASH KUMAR
- 2. USA CONSTITUTION The us constitution was ground breaking in numerous ways, establishing a new government the likes of which the world had never seen. Indeed, the very features which made it unique have also contributed to its longevity. These features also define the framework of American government and politics establishing the USA its natural government and outlining the relationship between the government, the people and the states.
- 3. Features of USA constitution WRITTEN CONSTITUTION A FEDERAL SYSTEM SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECK AND BALANCES RIGID CONSTITUTION PRESEDENTIAL SYSTEM SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION JUDICIAL REVIEW DUAL CITIZENSHIP SPOIL SYSTEM BILL OF RIGHTS
- 4. AMMENDMENT PROCESS - USA 2/3 majority of the congress + ¾ majority of the state legislature
- 5. INDIA The constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedure, powers and duties of governments. Institutions and set out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world.
- 6. FEATURES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION WRITTEN AND DETAILED CONSTITUTION SELF MADE AND ENACTED CONSTITUTION LENGTHIEST CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD UNIQUE BLEND OF RIGIDITY & FLEXIBILITY A FEDEARTION WITH STRONG CENTRALISING TENDENCY ADULT SUFFRAGE AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY SINGLE CITIZENSHIP QUASI FEDERAL STATE STRIKES BALANCE BETWEEN CONSTITUTIONAL SUPREMACY AND PARLIAMENT AND SOVEREIGNTY.
- 7. AMMENDMENT PROCESS - INDIA SIMPLE PROCEDURE ABSOLUTE INCLUDING SPECIAL MAJORITY ABSOLUTE INCLUDING SPECIAL MAJORITY + ½ STATE LEGISLATURE MAJORITY
- 8. SWITZERLAND The federal constitution of the Swiss confederation is the third and current federal constitutions of Switzerland. It establishes the Swiss confederation as a federal republic of 26 cantons(states). The document contains a catalogue of individual and popular rights, delineates the responsibilities of the cantons and the confederation and establishes the federal authorities of government.
- 9. FEATURES A WRITTEN, ENACTED AND ADOPTED CONSTITUTION RIGID CONSTITUTION BILL OF RIGHTS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION DIRECT DEMOCRACY FEDERALISM MIXTURE OF PARLIAMENTARY AND PRESEDENTIAL FORMS PLURAL/COLLEGIAN EXECUTIVE BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE LACK OF INDEPENDENT & POWERFUL JUDICIARY NO JUDICIAL REVIEW OVER FEDERAL LAWS DUAL CITIZENSHIP PROVISION REGARDING LANGUAGE AS WELL AS ARMY COMPULSORY MILITARY TRAINING & ALTERNATIVE SERVICE PERMANENTLY NEUTRALIZED STATES
- 10. AMMENDMENT PROCESS - SWITZERLAND PROPOSAL BY THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY PROPOSAL BY THE PEOPLE – INITIATIVE