The document provides an overview of the Constitution of India and its government. It discusses the history of constitutions in India prior to independence. It then summarizes the framing of the Indian constitution by the Constituent Assembly headed by B.R. Ambedkar. Key features of the Indian constitution are outlined such as its flexible and rigid nature, republican and federal systems, and fundamental rights and duties. The roles and powers of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government are briefly described. In conclusion, it states that a democratic government requires a constitution to define its welfare functions and secure the rights of its people.

1. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA AND ITS GOVERNMENT –AN
OVERVIEW

2. INTRODUCTION TO CONSTITUTION AND VARIOUS ACTS
Constitution-a set of rules and regulations
The Regulating act
The Pitt’s India Act
The Character Act OF
1813 and 1833
The Character act of
1853
The Government of
India Act 1853
Constitution –et of rules & regulations
guiding state administration

3. HISTORY & FRAMING OF CONSTITUTION
Challenge of framing constitution
Indian councils acts of 1861 and 1891 increased powers of legislative
councils
Minto and Morley reforms passed in 1909
Government of India Act ,1919 promised to extend responsible governemnt
GOI Act 1935 –important step in shaping present constitution
Indian Independence Act , 1947-India and Pakistan created
Framing of Constitution-Constituent Assembly of 308 members made with
B.R Ambedkar as chairman of Drafting committee of the constitution
Indian constitution was approved on 26 nov, 1949 came in force on jan 26,
1950 , celebrated as republic day

5. MEMBERSOF THE DRAFTINGCOMMITTEE OF THE
CONSTITUTION
Drafting committee
was set up on 29
August 1947 under the
chairmanship of Dr. B
R Ambedkar.
K M Munshi (Ex-
Home Minister,
Bombay)
Alladi Krishnaswamy
Iyer (Ex- Advocate
General, Madras
State)
N Gopalaswami
Ayengar (Ex-Prime
Minister, J&K, member
of Nehru Cabinet)
B L Mitter (Ex-
Advocate General,
India)
Md. Saadullah (Ex-
Chief Minister of
Assam, Muslim
League member)
D P Khaitan (lawyer)

6. The constituent assembly took
2 years , 11 months and 17
days to frame the constitution.
It spent 6.4 crore Rupees in the
preparation.
There were 22 parts, 395 articles and 8
schedules.
The constitution was ready on 26th November 1949
and some provisions relating to Citizenship, Elections,
provisional parliament, temporary & transitional
provisions were given immediate effect.
Rest of the constitution came into force on
26 January 1950.
26 January 1929 marked the
“Poorna Swarajya “resolution of
Indian National Congress under
Jawaharlal Nehru and so the date
was chosen in 1950 to be our
republic day.

7. PREAMBLE OF CONSTITUTION
 The preamble enumerates the source, the
nature, the high aims and ideals of the
constitution
 It is a grand declaration of ideals and
objectives of Indian people
 India- A Sovereign Democratic Republic –
secure to all citizens
 Justice- Liberty- Equality- Fraternity

9. IMPORTANCE OF THE PREAMBLE
 Sovereign
 Socialist
 Secular
 Democratic

10. SALIENT FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION
Written and
lengthy
constitution
Flexible and
Rigid
Consitution
Parliamentary
form of
government
Republican
system
Federal
system
Fundamental
duties
Fundamental
rights

11. SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSTITUTION
To lay basic
structure of the
government
Demarcates
the
responsibilities
of 3 layers of
government
Laws enacted
by government
in confirmity
with
constitution
Constitution
restricts the
abuse of
power by
government

12. WHY DOES A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY NEED CONSTITUTION
Democratic country abides
by freedom , granting it in
absolute terms leads to
misuse
Constitution-set of rules and
regulations meant to avoid
arbitration of rights
Constitution works as
safeguard against tyrannial
use of power of dominant
groups against minorities

13. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Right to equality
Right to freedom
Right against exploitation
Right to freedom of religion
Cultural and educational rights
Right to Constitutional remedies

14. FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
 To respect constitution, national flag and
anthem
 To follow noble ideas that inspired our
national struggle for freedom
 To protect the integrity of India
 To defend the motherland
 To preserve our rich heritage
 To promote the spirit of common brotherhood

15.  To protect and improve the natural
environment
 To develop the scientific temper and the
spirit of enquiry
 To safeguard public property and leave
violence
 To strive towards excellence in all spheres

16. GOVERNMENT
 India is Democratic country
 Federal system
 Number of ministries
PRESENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
 Union and state government
 Civil and criminal laws
 Executive, judicial and legislative branches
THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
 Legilative
 Executive
 judicial

18. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Secure life,
liberty and
pursuit of
happiness
of its
citizens
Common
defense and
welfare
Interests of
states
Constitution
is living ,
breathing
document
and govt
enforces it
Maintain
safe ,
secure and
sovereign
nation

19. POWERS
POWERS OF
CONGRESS
1. Credit from U.S
2. Regulate commerce
3. Uniform rules on
bakrupties
4. Establish post offices
5. Promote science and
useful arts
6. To exercise exclusive
legislation
POWERS OF
PRESIDENT
1. Most powerful position
2. Commander and chief
3. Grant pardons for
offences against
crimes
4. Represents country in
foreign affairs
5. Appoints judges
ambassadors and
other officers

20. GOVERNMENT AND CONSTITUTION
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT
People live peacefully and collectively
Parliaments and legislatures
Govt organises resources
CONSTITUTION
Sets out values and rights that society and govt must follow
Role , powers and functions of govt are set out in constitution
Important rights are in constitution

21. KEY SECTIONS OF CONSTITUTION
Deals with finance , taxes ,treasury , Reserve Bank, etc
Deals with traditional leaders
Contains bill of rights
Deals with security-defense, police and intelligence services
Deals with public services
Sets out role and power of different courts
Deals with provincial govt
Deals with local govt and local elections

22. CONCLUSION
Democratic government demands a constitution for its welfare function and security of
people