Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, resulting in redness and various symptoms like tearing and discharge. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, allergies, or chemicals, affecting individuals of all ages, especially children. Treatment varies based on the cause, often requiring antibiotics for bacterial infections, while prevention includes good hygiene practices.

1. PRESENTED BY
Ekata karkI
BSN 2ND yr
Hope international college
satdobato,lalitpur
Conjunctivitis

2. Conjunctiva
• It is the clear mucous membrane covering the sclera
(white part of eye) and interior lining of eyelids .
• It contains many goblet cells which secrets mucin that
keep the eye moist. ,

3. Conjunctivitis
• It is also known as “pink eye”.
• Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the conjunctiva.
• The inflammation of the conjunctiva cause the eye’s
blood vessels to dilate, resulting in the reddish
appearance.

4. Types of conjunctiva:
• Palpebral
• Bulbur
• Fornix

5. Types of conjunctivitis:
According to the cause they are:
1. Bacterial Conjunctivitis- cause by bacteria
2. Viral Conjunctivitis- often associated with the common
cold, caused by the adenovirus
3. Chlamydia Conjunctivitis- caused by sexually
transmitted infections
4. Allergic Conjunctivitis- caused by pollens, dust
5. Reactive Conjunctivitis- caused by chemicals such as
swimming pools

6. Causes:
It has different causes which include:
• Virus
• Bacteria ( like chlamydia)
• Shampoos, dirt or smoke (ash), and pool chlorine
and other foreign objects that invade the eye
• Allergies to dust or pollen, or to contact lenses

7. Who?
• Conjunctivitis can affect any age person of either
sex.
• It is very serious if it occurs in an infant.
• It is also a common ailment in pre-schools and
elementary schools due to the easy transmission of
the virus.

8. Symptoms
The symptoms of it are varied depending on the cause of it:
• Redness of the white area of the eye
• Increased tears
• Thick yellow discharge that when dries it crusts over the
eyelashes
• Itchy eyes or Burning sensation
• Blurred vision
• Increased sensitivity to light/ brightness of sun
• If left untreated, bacterial conjunctivitis can cause scars on
eye’s surface leading to permanent damage and vision loss

9. When?
• Conjunctivitis can occur at any time of the year and any
time of the day. It is noticed most prominently in the early
mornings when eyes are closed shut from the mucus.
• Allergy induced occurs primarily during the heightened
hay fever season. Chemical induced occurs primarily in
summer due to increased pool usage.
• Cases increase during the school year due to close
proximity with so many children in daycare and schools.

10. Incubation
• It normally starts in one eye and spreads to the other eye
in a day or two
• This disease is asymmetrical, meaning it can affect one
eye more than the other
• Incubation Period for Pink Eye will vary depending on
whether it is caused by bacteria or a virus.
• Viral infection: from 12 hours to 3 days later, symptoms
will appear.
• Bacterial infection: symptoms display one to three days
after transmission.

11. Preventing the spread:
• Don't touch your eyes with your hands.
• Wash your hands often.
• Use only clean towels and washcloths.
• Don't share towels or washcloths.
• Change your pillowcases often.
• Avoid swimming in a swimming pool.
• Don't share eye cosmetics or personal eye care
items.
• Use any antibiotics for the complete period
prescribed.

12. Treatment:
Treatments vary depending on type:
• Bacteria: treated with antibiotics (a quinolone antibiotic),
in the form of eye drops, ointments, or pills.
• Doctor should be consulted.
• Recommended to throw contact lenses away and insert
new ones when the conjunctivitis is gone.

13. Origin:
• Conjunctivas- named after the conjunctiva
• “Pink Eye”- name for the color the eye resembles when
the conjunctiva is inflammed
• “Madras Eye”- the virus that causes conjunctivitis was
first identified in Madras, India during the early 20th
sentury

14. Resources:
Text book
• Medical surgical nursing (brunner &suddarth)
13th edition
• Tilganga eye hospital
• http://emedicine.medscape.com