The document provides information about Confucianism and its key figures Confucius and Mencius. Confucius lived from 551-479 BCE in ancient China and became a teacher. He authored the Analects, which focuses on interpersonal relationships and government. Major Confucian principles include li, ren, shu, yi, and xiao. Mencius was a disciple of Confucius who believed people are inherently good and that education, not punishment, can correct bad behavior. Confucianism emphasizes social hierarchies, rituals, and cohesion.

2. Confucianism

3. Confucius

4. Confucius
* 551 – 479 B.C.E.

5. Confucius
* 551 – 479 B.C.E.
* Born in the feudal
state of Liu.

6. Confucius
* 551 – 479 B.C.E.
* Born in the feudal
state of Liu.
* Became a teacher
and editor of books.

7. Major Confucian Principles

8. Major Confucian Principles
Li --> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)

9. Major Confucian Principles
Li --> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)
Ren --> humaneness, benevolence,
humanity

10. Major Confucian Principles
Li --> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)
Ren --> humaneness, benevolence,
humanity
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy

11. Major Confucian Principles
Li --> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)
Ren --> humaneness, benevolence,
humanity
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy
Do not do unto others what you would
not want others to do unto you.

12. Major Confucian Principles
Li --> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)
Ren --> humaneness, benevolence,
humanity
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy
Do not do unto others what you would
not want others to do unto you.
Yi --> Righteousness

13. Major Confucian Principles
Li --> Rite, rules, ritual decorum (Binding
force of an enduring stable society)
Ren --> humaneness, benevolence,
humanity
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy
Do not do unto others what you would
not want others to do unto you.
Yi --> Righteousness
Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your elders!)

14. 5 Principle Relationships

15. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler

16. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject

17. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father

18. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son

19. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son
3. Husband

20. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son
3. Husband Wife

21. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son
3. Husband Wife
4. Older
Brother

22. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son
3. Husband Wife
4. Older Younger
Brother Brother

23. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son
3. Husband Wife
4. Older Younger
Brother Brother
5. Older
Friend

24. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler Subject
2. Father Son
3. Husband Wife
4. Older Younger
Brother Brother
5. Older Younger
Friend Friend

25. Organizing Principles

26. Organizing Principles
* Status

27. Organizing Principles
* Status
* Age

28. Organizing Principles
* Status
* Age
* Gender

29. Confucian Temple Complex

30. The Analects

31. The Analects
* The single most important Confucian
work.

32. The Analects
* The single most important Confucian
work.
* In Chinese, it means “conversation.”

33. The Analects
* The single most important Confucian
work.
* In Chinese, it means “conversation.”
* Focus on practicalities of interpersonal
relationships and the relationship of
the role of rulers and ministers to the
conduct of government.

34. Sayings from The Analects

35. Sayings from The Analects
* Knowing what he knows and knowing what he
doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person
who knows.

36. Sayings from The Analects
* Knowing what he knows and knowing what he
doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person
who knows.
* Making a mistake and not correcting it, is
making another mistake.

37. Sayings from The Analects
* Knowing what he knows and knowing what he
doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person
who knows.
* Making a mistake and not correcting it, is
making another mistake.
* The superior man blames himself; the
inferior man blames others.

38. Sayings from The Analects
* Knowing what he knows and knowing what he
doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person
who knows.
* Making a mistake and not correcting it, is
making another mistake.
* The superior man blames himself; the
inferior man blames others.

39. Stones Engraved with Confucius'
Life Stories

40. Confucius' Tomb

41. Mencius

42. Mencius
* 372 - 289 B.C.E.

43. Mencius
* 372 - 289 B.C.E.
* Disciple of Confucius.

44. Mencius
* 372 - 289 B.C.E.
* Disciple of Confucius.
* Starts off with the assumption that “people
are basically good.”

45. Mencius
* 372 - 289 B.C.E.
* Disciple of Confucius.
* Starts off with the assumption that “people
are basically good.”
* If someone does something bad, education,
not punishment, is the answer.

46. Mencius
* 372 - 289 B.C.E.
* Disciple of Confucius.
* Starts off with the assumption that “people
are basically good.”
* If someone does something bad, education,
not punishment, is the answer.
ä Good people will mend their ways in
accordance to their inherent goodness.

47. Social Cohesion is Paramount!

48. Social Cohesion is Paramount!
* The emperor is the example of
proper behavior --> “big daddy”

49. Social Cohesion is Paramount!
* The emperor is the example of
proper behavior --> “big daddy”
* Social relationships are based on
“rites” or “rituals.”

50. Social Cohesion is Paramount!
* The emperor is the example of
proper behavior --> “big daddy”
* Social relationships are based on
“rites” or “rituals.”
* Even religious rituals are
important for SOCIAL, not
religious reasons, acc. to Confucius.