Confucianism was a philosophy developed in China by Confucius between 551-478 BC that focused on five basic social relationships and the importance of family, education, self-cultivation, and ethics in politics. Confucius taught that society is best served when people follow social hierarchies and the ruler leads by moral example. Confucianism became the primary philosophy in China and spread its influence in neighboring regions through examination systems requiring knowledge of Confucian texts. It has been criticized for suppressing dissent and disrespecting women, though some concepts like social harmony and self-discipline remain relevant today.