1. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Computer Applications inComputer Applications in
Manufacturing SystemsManufacturing Systems
EMM 5704EMM 5704
Computer application in measurement
Computer application for testing (contact and non-contact)
Determining testing and measurement machines and software
Group 7, Section 2:Group 7, Section 2:
1.1. Zaid kh SaadonZaid kh Saadon GS40746GS40746
2.2. Ghassan Maan Salim GS42930Ghassan Maan Salim GS42930
3. Omotoso Oladiran Aremu GS412843. Omotoso Oladiran Aremu GS41284
Lecturer Name:Lecturer Name: Assoc. Prof Dr. Faieza Abdul Aziz

2. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
MEASUREMENT
What is measurement?
•Defining variables/objects with numbers
•Standard units (SI units)
History
•Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus, Elam

3. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
How To Measure
• Tools (simple, complicate)
• software
• Machines
• Sensors (various types, different application)

4. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
How Computer Systems Does the Measurement?
1. Sensor detects analog signal.
2. signal is converted from analog to digital by A/D converter.
3. Digital signal interfaces with the
microcontroller/PLC/microprocessor.
4. According to the algorithm the computer is programed, a digital
signal will be sent by the microcontroller.
5. Digital signal will be converted to analog signal by D/A converter.
6. Actuators will take action.

5. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Contact V.S Non-contact Measurements
Requirements in manufacturing:
1.Repeatability
2. accuracy
3. cost
4.speed
5.process control
6.Traceability
7.Precision
8.excellent statistical software to facilitate tight
Best Choice Depends On Application!

6. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Contact Measurements
Contact solutions are a more traditional and widely accepted technology, and come in two
main varieties: stationary CMMs and portable CMMs.
Stationary CMMs
Stationary coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are typically very large installations—gantry,
bridge and horizontal systems—that are highly accurate, expensive and much slower compared to
other methods. These CMMs have zero portability and the part being measured has to be ported to
the CMM itself, not vice versa.
Portable CMMs
Portable CMMs (PCMMs), which typically are stationed on an arm or are observed by a tracking
device, are, as the name implies, highly portable and can be moved to a part rather than the other
way around as with stationary CMMs. They are manually operated, and lower accuracy than
stationary CMMs, but also come at a much reduced cost. Use of portable CMMs requires a lot less
training, can be used on very large parts without requiring complex set up, and it is easy to add
additional portable CMMs to increase throughput.

7. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Drawbacks with Contact Measurement
•Stationary CMMs have the disadvantage of being fixed in one place, being very slow
and quite costly. But otherwise, the advantage of accuracy always needs to be
considered.
•Probe compensation is the one that needs to be mostly considered. The probe is set to
assume that the first part being measured is perfect, which it is not, and all
compensation is based on that assumption. The measurements are offset from the
centre of the probe, based on the initial assumption of perfection. The more complex
the part, the more those assumptions will come into play. While this can be managed,
the assumptions have to be realistic. The most accurate probe based device may still
give ambiguous results on a complex form.
•Secondly, data capture is slow. Capturing 100 points can take ten minutes, but those
tend to be some very valuable points.

8. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Non-Contact Measurements
The noncontact solutions are a relatively new approach in a time-honored discipline. They range across
laser scanners, structured light scanners and industrial CT scanners. All of them capture the “shape” of
the part so that measurements can be made and analyzed using inspection software.
The advantages of noncontact scanners over contact devices include fast data collection, and more
comprehensive collection of points means a clearer view of the entire part. They are (except for CT
scanners) highly portable and flexible to use, with no or very few compensations for the data being
collected.
Laser Scanners
Laser scanners use laser light to create the 3-D shape of the part as a point cloud. They tend to be very flexible
—you can mount them to CMMs and PCMMs—and can be hand-held or mounted on tripods. Prices range from
the low thousands to above $100,000, again with the advantage being greater accuracy at higher prices. Even
then, laser light causes inherent measurement noise and diffusion from the laser light limits the resolution
possible, and laser based systems typically have difficulties measuring highly reflective surfaces. Camera
resolution is always better than laser coherence. Your use of these scanners should be made based on the
available resolution of a scanner compared to your tolerance requirements on the shop floor.

9. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Structured Light Scanners
A structured light scanner uses projected light patterns and a camera system to record the
deviations of the light to record the 3-D shape of the part. Available in multiple shades of light,
these scanners are usually more accurate than laser scanners, due to a markedly lower
measurement noise. In addition, they can deal with shiny parts. The combined light and camera
technology delivers much greater accuracy and also means much heavier datasets to deal with.
They are also less flexible, needing to be mounted and calibrated on tripods or robots.
Industrial CT Scanners
CT scanners have the advantage of being able to capture both internal and external geometry, even
to the point of being able to see and identify cracks and fissures in a material almost down to the
atomic level if you have the right system. This kind of accuracy demands much higher prices, and
CT scanners are far less mobile—you bring the part to the scanner unit. CT scanners also have
limitations on what materials can be scanned so that needs to be carefully checked against
requirements.
Automation Using Noncontact Devices
Noncontact systems in particular can be easily automated for constantly repetitive measurement
procedures. With the right software, the measurement analysis can also be easily automated so that
go/no-go reports can be quickly created to help identify a problem almost as soon as it begins.

10. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
• Robot hand is very important device in
the current industry especially factories
that produce big number of products.
• Pick and place application is mainly
used nowadays to reduce the time of
manufacturing as the robot is able to
accomplish different tasks with better
accuracy and eliminates human errors
and gets more precise work.
Robot Hand

11. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
• Tactile sensor is primary suggestion for
robot hand to grasp an object and place it
from one position to another.
• Tactile sensor is mainly used in industry
now because it has proven its efficiency.
Robot Hand using Tactile Sensor

12. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Advantage & Disadvantages of Tactile Sensor
Advantages
• Fast and reliable.
• Cheaper.
• Simple (not complex).
• Easy to use.
Disadvantages
• Object position must be programed.
• Object might be damaged if it is not placed in the right position.
• Error may occur if object placed wrongly.

13. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
• Image processing is an advanced technology which use in
many applications nowadays. This technology is applied in
robot hand to sense the object location and to grasp it.
• This technology is much advanced because it can detect the
object automatically and grasp it accurately with less time.
Robot Hand using Image Processing

14. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Advantage & Disadvantages of Image Processing
Advantages
• More accuracy.
• It can find the position of object and pick it.
• Possibility to detect object`s shape.
• More technological.
• Less error.
Disadvantages
• Higher cost.
• More complex.
• Required more accurate programing.

15. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Software for Inspection
• There are several inspection software products on the market, all of which have
their own advantages and disadvantages.
• Inspection software bridges the gap between the point collection and the design
requirements. Obviously, not all software is the same, and you need to be on the
lookout for the ease-of-use versus training requirements. You also need to choose
your software based on the capture device(s) you are using. Always require a test
run of the software using one of your typical production parts, and if you have
budget available go for a full pilot test of the complete system. This will allow you
to make considered and well-researched decisions. Consider how you want to be
given results of the measurements, as reporting types can vary across software
products.

16. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Contact-centric software
This software is targeted primarily at contact-based
measurement: it typically cannot handle large datasets provided
by noncontact scanning as well as products developed for the
noncontact solutions. If you are certain you will only be using
contact measurement, look to FARO CAM2, Hexagon PC-DMIS,
Verisurf, BuildIt!, and Delcam PowerInspect, among others.

17. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Noncontact Software
Inspection software for noncontact measurement is a wholly
different experience from the traditional methods, and is aimed at
the new generation of measurement. Consider if you have
reference data available—normally a CAD file—for comparison
purposes, which is the best solution, even though most of the
products available also work without CAD reference data. Define
if you might need automation, and also be on the lookout for
software that has been certified by NIST for accuracy. Products
include Geomagic Qualify, Rapidform XOV, Innovmetric
Polyworks, and GOM Inspect.

18. EMM 5704 Computer Applications in
Manufacturing Systems By: Dr. Faieza AbdulEMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing
Thank you