The document discusses animation design and control. Animation functions include a graphics editor, key frame generator, in-between generator, and standard graphics routines. The graphics editor allows designing and modifying object shapes. Scene description in animation specification includes object and light positioning, photometric and camera parameters. Action specification involves motion paths for objects and cameras. Standard graphics routines include viewing transformations and rendering operations. Key-frame systems generate in-betweens from user-specified key frames. Parameterized systems allow specifying object motion characteristics as part of object definitions. Scripting systems define object specifications and animation sequences through a user-input script.

1. U.Sakthiswari

2.  Design and control of animation sequences are handled with a
set of animation outlines.
 A general purpose language, such as C,Lips,Pascal,or FORTRAN,
is often used to program the animation functions, but several
specialized animation languages have been developed.
 Animation functions include a graphics editor, a key frame
generator, an in-between generator,and standard graphics
routines.
 The graphics editor allows us to design and modify object
shapes, using spline surface, constractive solid geometry
methods, or other representation schemes.

3.  A typical task in an animation specification is scene
description.
 This includes the positioning of objects and light sources,
defining the photometric parameters, and setting the
camera parameters (position, orientation, and less
characteristics).
 Another standard function is action specification. This
involves the layout of motion paths for the object and
camera.
 And we need the usual graphics routines: viewing and
perspective transformations, geometric transformations to
generate object movements
 As a function of accelerations or kinematic path
specification, visible-surface identification, and the surface
rendering operations.

4.  Key-frame systems are specialized animation languages
designed simply to generate the in-betweens from the user-
specified key frames.
 Usually ,each object in the scene is defined as a set of rigid
bodies connected at the joints and with a limited number
of degrees of freedom
 As an example, the single-arm robot in has six degrees of
freedom, which are called arm sweep, shoulder swivel,
elbow extension, pitch, yaw, and roll.

5.  We can extend the number of degrees of freedom
for this robot arm to nine by allowing three-
dimensional translations for the base
 If we also allow base rotations, the robot arm
canhave a total of 12 degrees of freedom.
 The human boby, in comparsion,has over 200
degrees of freedom.

6. Degree of
freedom for a
stationary
single –arm
robot

7. Parameterized system
 Parameterized systems allow object-motion
characteristics to be specified as part of the object
definitions.
 The adjustable parameters control such object
characteristics as
 degrees of freedom
 motion limitations
 allowable shape changes.

8. Translation and
rotational
degrees of
freedom for the
base the robot
arm

9.  Scripting systems allow object specifications and
animation sequences to be defined with a user-input
script.
 From the script, a library of various objects and
motions can be constructed

10. Thank you