This document discusses various computer animation techniques. It begins with an introduction to animation and the concept of frame rate. There are three main types of animation discussed: traditional/hand-drawn animation where drawings are traced onto sheets and photographed, stop-motion animation which manipulates real-world objects, and computer animation which can be 2D or 3D. Computer animation techniques include raster animation where images are redrawn and moved pixel by pixel, and morphing where shapes are transformed between key frames. Motion in animation can be specified through direct parameters, paths, inverse kinematics, or motion capture of real movements. Computer animation has applications in movies, games, simulation, and more.

1. Welcome1Mahith

2. Computer Animation&Techniques2MahithSeminar by Mahith Mohan

3. Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of motion or life.

4. Name derived from “Anime” means life.It’s just an optical illusion of motion due to persistence of vision 3Mahith

5. Simple ExampleA ball bouncing from just 6 frames4Mahith

6. For better smooth transition we must have higher frame rate.Frame Rate: No. of frames in unit secondFilm 24 fps

7. NTSC TV 30 fps (interlaced)

8. PAL TV 25 fps (interlaced)

9. HDTV 60 fps

10. Computer ~60 fps5Mahith

11. Classification of animation techniques 6Mahith

12. Traditional Animation Also called Hand drawn animation Or Cel animation

13. Pictures are drawn for each frames.

14. The animators' drawings are traced or photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets called cels( celluloid transparency)

15. The completed character cels are photographed one-by-one onto motion picture film against a painted background by a rostrum camera.7Mahith

16. Example8Mahith

17. Walt Disney Walt Disney, an American cartoonist and film producer, started an entertainment empire with his creation of animated movies and world-renowned amusement parks. Disney appears here at his drawing board in 1950 with a drawing of Mickey Mouse, his most famous cartoon character. Disney won an honorary Oscar (Academy Award) in 1932 for his creation of Mickey..9Mahith

18. Stop Motion AnimationStop-motion animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement.10Mahith

19. Example11Mahith

20. Computer animation Computer animation contains a variety of techniques, the unifying factor being that the animation is created digitally on a computer

21. Mainly 2 types-

22. 2D animation

23. 3D animation12Mahith

24. Animation SequencesStep 1:Storyboard layout Outline of action

25. Consist set of rough sketches13Mahith

26. AnimationSequencesStep 2:Object definitionObjects are defined in terms of basic shapes.

27. Associated movement of each object are specified with the shape.14Mahith

28. Animation SequencesStep 3: Key frame SpecificationKey frame is a detailed drawing of the scenes at a certain time.15Mahith

29. Animation SequencesStep 4: Generation of in-between frames.Frames between the key frames.

30. Determined by the media to be used to display. 16Mahith

31. 1’12’2Key frame kKey frame k+1In-between frame17Mahith

32. Raster AnimationRaster animation is the most basic type of computer animation.

33. It involves creating an image, and then using a computer to put that image in motion

34. Raster based animation frames are made up of individual pixels. These pixels each contain information about the colour and brightness of that particular spot on the image18Mahith

35. Ship is redrawn in background colorStep 2 (move)Step 1 (erase)Step 3 (draw)(x,y)(x+Dx, , y+Dy)(x’,y’)(x,y)x’ = x + Dxy’ = y + DyMove shipExample:19Mahith

36. 20Mahith

37. Color-tabletransformationSimple 2D animations can be easily implemented using colour lookup table.

38. Here we set the successive blocks of pixel value to colour table. Object as “on” rest as background color.

39. Later successively positions along the path is changed to “on” and older position to background color.21Mahith

40. Computer Animation languagesKey frame Systems:Designed simply to generate the in-betweens from the user specified key frames

41. Each object is formed with set of rigid bodies connected by several joints with limited degree of freedom.22Mahith

42. Computer Animation languagesParameterized system :Object-motion characteristics are specified as a part of the object definition likeDegree of freedom

43. Motion limitation

44. Allowable shape changes …. 23Mahith