This document provides an overview of compressed gas safety. It discusses the four types of compressed gases, chemical hazards associated with different gas contents, and physical hazards related to high pressure cylinders. Guidelines are presented for proper storage, transportation, use, and emergency response for compressed gas cylinders. The responsibilities of workers are also summarized, which include knowing gas contents, maintaining equipment, following safety rules, and being prepared for emergencies.
The document discusses pressure and vacuum relief valves for low-pressure tanks. It defines key terms related to relief valve design and operation. It describes potential causes of overpressure and vacuum in tanks and outlines strategies for relief system design, including using direct-load or emergency relief valves and considering valve type like proportional or full-lift. It also addresses leakage concerns, highlighting the need to minimize escapes and outlining relief valve design features and leak testing procedures.
This document provides safety guidelines for handling compressed gas cylinders. It notes that compressed gases can present multiple hazards like being flammable, explosive, corrosive or poisonous. It emphasizes the importance of properly identifying gas cylinders, handling cylinders carefully, and securely storing cylinders based on the specific gas contained. The document also outlines proper procedures for using regulators, transporting cylinders, and emptying cylinders.
Standard practices for handling, storing, and transporting chlorine tonners/cylinders involve careful procedures due to safety hazards. Chlorine is transported over long distances by road in India. Training programs educate transporters, drivers, and cleaners on emergency procedures. Strict safety checks of vehicles and emergency response plans are required when transporting hazardous chemicals like chlorine.
warehouse storage - commuduties classifications.pptxYerrisiddappa K
1) Storage occupancies like warehouses present unique fire protection challenges due to factors like flammable goods, dense storage configurations, and high ceilings.
2) Sprinkler systems for storage occupancies must be carefully designed based on considerations like commodity classification, storage arrangement, height, and clearance.
3) NFPA 13 provides guidelines for designing sprinkler systems for different storage setups, ranging from shelving to palletized storage to rack storage. The appropriate sprinkler type, such as CMDA, CMSA, ESFR, or in-rack sprinklers, depends on the specific challenges of the storage occupancy.
Safety for Water Treatment Plant FacilitiesDavid Horowitz
The document discusses health and safety issues at water treatment facilities. It identifies the top 10 OSHA violations which include electrical safety, machine guarding, lockout/tagout procedures, powered industrial vehicles, respiratory protection, scaffolding, hazard communication, and fall protection. It also discusses the Globally Harmonized System for classifying and communicating chemical hazards which is being adopted through changes to labels, safety data sheets, and training requirements. Common physical hazards include flammable, explosive, oxidizing, and reactive chemicals while common health hazards include corrosive, toxic, carcinogenic, and sensitizing chemicals.
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E Antea Group
An overview from Antea Group on the purpose and application of Life Safety Code, as well as a deep dive into relevant regulations NFPA 101, IFC 2015, and OSHA Subpart E. For more information, visit http://us.anteagroup.com/en-us/services/health-and-safety.
Basic training water based fire protectionSabrul Jamil
This document provides an introduction and overview of various water-based fire protection systems, including standpipe systems, wet pipe sprinkler systems, dry pipe sprinkler systems, deluge sprinkler systems, and pre-action sprinkler systems. It defines key terminology, describes common system components, and explains the purpose and function of different sprinkler head types and special application nozzles. Standards for installation and maintenance are also referenced.
This document summarizes API STD 521 Part-I, which provides guidance on overpressure protection for refinery equipment. It discusses overpressure causes and protection philosophies. It also lists the minimum recommended contents for relief system designs and flare header calculations. These include analyzing overpressure causes, operating conditions, relief device sizing, and documentation of simulation inputs and outputs. Various overpressure causes are outlined, such as closed outlets, absorbent or cooling failures, accumulation of non-condensables, abnormal heat input, explosions, and depressurizing. Protection measures against these causes like relief valves, rupture disks, and explosion prevention are also mentioned.
The document discusses pressure and vacuum relief valves for low-pressure tanks. It defines key terms related to relief valve design and operation. It describes potential causes of overpressure and vacuum in tanks and outlines strategies for relief system design, including using direct-load or emergency relief valves and considering valve type like proportional or full-lift. It also addresses leakage concerns, highlighting the need to minimize escapes and outlining relief valve design features and leak testing procedures.
This document provides safety guidelines for handling compressed gas cylinders. It notes that compressed gases can present multiple hazards like being flammable, explosive, corrosive or poisonous. It emphasizes the importance of properly identifying gas cylinders, handling cylinders carefully, and securely storing cylinders based on the specific gas contained. The document also outlines proper procedures for using regulators, transporting cylinders, and emptying cylinders.
Standard practices for handling, storing, and transporting chlorine tonners/cylinders involve careful procedures due to safety hazards. Chlorine is transported over long distances by road in India. Training programs educate transporters, drivers, and cleaners on emergency procedures. Strict safety checks of vehicles and emergency response plans are required when transporting hazardous chemicals like chlorine.
warehouse storage - commuduties classifications.pptxYerrisiddappa K
1) Storage occupancies like warehouses present unique fire protection challenges due to factors like flammable goods, dense storage configurations, and high ceilings.
2) Sprinkler systems for storage occupancies must be carefully designed based on considerations like commodity classification, storage arrangement, height, and clearance.
3) NFPA 13 provides guidelines for designing sprinkler systems for different storage setups, ranging from shelving to palletized storage to rack storage. The appropriate sprinkler type, such as CMDA, CMSA, ESFR, or in-rack sprinklers, depends on the specific challenges of the storage occupancy.
Safety for Water Treatment Plant FacilitiesDavid Horowitz
The document discusses health and safety issues at water treatment facilities. It identifies the top 10 OSHA violations which include electrical safety, machine guarding, lockout/tagout procedures, powered industrial vehicles, respiratory protection, scaffolding, hazard communication, and fall protection. It also discusses the Globally Harmonized System for classifying and communicating chemical hazards which is being adopted through changes to labels, safety data sheets, and training requirements. Common physical hazards include flammable, explosive, oxidizing, and reactive chemicals while common health hazards include corrosive, toxic, carcinogenic, and sensitizing chemicals.
Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, IFC 2015 & OSHA Subpart E Antea Group
An overview from Antea Group on the purpose and application of Life Safety Code, as well as a deep dive into relevant regulations NFPA 101, IFC 2015, and OSHA Subpart E. For more information, visit http://us.anteagroup.com/en-us/services/health-and-safety.
Basic training water based fire protectionSabrul Jamil
This document provides an introduction and overview of various water-based fire protection systems, including standpipe systems, wet pipe sprinkler systems, dry pipe sprinkler systems, deluge sprinkler systems, and pre-action sprinkler systems. It defines key terminology, describes common system components, and explains the purpose and function of different sprinkler head types and special application nozzles. Standards for installation and maintenance are also referenced.
This document summarizes API STD 521 Part-I, which provides guidance on overpressure protection for refinery equipment. It discusses overpressure causes and protection philosophies. It also lists the minimum recommended contents for relief system designs and flare header calculations. These include analyzing overpressure causes, operating conditions, relief device sizing, and documentation of simulation inputs and outputs. Various overpressure causes are outlined, such as closed outlets, absorbent or cooling failures, accumulation of non-condensables, abnormal heat input, explosions, and depressurizing. Protection measures against these causes like relief valves, rupture disks, and explosion prevention are also mentioned.
This document provides information on safety layer of protection analysis (LOPA):
- It describes the steps of LOPA including expressing risk targets quantitatively, determining risk for a system, and reducing risk to meet targets.
- It gives examples of applying LOPA to process designs including a flash drum and fired heater. Initiating events are identified and protection layers are analyzed to determine overall risk. Enhancements may be needed to meet risk targets.
- Key aspects of LOPA are discussed such as determining probabilities of initiating events and protection layer failures, setting risk targets, and approaches to risk reduction including safety interlock systems.
Lifegear is the best industrial safety equipment supplier in india. Lifegear best in rescue equipment suppliers,Industrial equipment suppliers,safety equipment suppliers,horizontal lifeline system, vertical lifeline system, rooftop lifeline system, personel protective ppe, full body harness, industrial safety architect, search and rescue
If your facility loses power what do you do? If there is a fire or flood how will you respond? These often-overlooked emergency situations are a costly threat to facilities across the US. Planning for emergencies can often seem daunting and time consuming, especially considering that OSHA requires a written plan. To make your life easier, our experts will share best practices for developing and implementing a rock-solid emergency action plan.
This document discusses pressure relief systems, which are critical in the chemical process industries to safely handle overpressurization. It describes causes of overpressurization, types of safety valves and rupture disks used for relief, and components of open and closed pressure relief systems. Open systems vent non-hazardous gases to the atmosphere, while closed systems route flammable gases through flare headers and knockout drums to be burned in a flare stack. The document provides example calculations for sizing relief valves, piping, and other components to ensure systems can safely relieve pressure without resealing valves.
This document provides information and examples related to near miss incidents in an oil refinery setting. It defines near misses, provides examples of near miss incidents, discusses factors that can lead to unsafe acts or conditions, and outlines reporting procedures for high-potential near misses. The document aims to increase awareness of near misses to help prevent future accidents.
The document outlines the design of a firewater system for offshore facilities. It discusses dividing the facilities into separate fire areas using physical barriers to minimize the design firewater demand. It then lists 25 possible major fire scenarios and calculates the firewater demand for each scenario based on the areas that would need to be deluged. The largest firewater demands range from 131-7189 cubic meters per hour depending on the location and size of the fire scenario.
This document provides information about handling high purity gases and gas mixtures. It discusses AGA Gas AB, relevant laws and regulations, types of gases and their risks, gas cylinder markings, and safe handling practices. Training is emphasized as important for safely working with gases. Risk assessments should be conducted and documented to identify hazards and ensure compliance. Proper storage, protective equipment, ventilation, and emergency plans are required to minimize risks like fire, explosion, asphyxiation, and injury from high pressures or low temperatures.
The document discusses Process Safety Management (PSM) and provides an overview of its key elements. PSM is a comprehensive management system that proactively avoids incidents in hazardous industries handling toxic chemicals. It integrates risk management across 14 elements, including employee participation, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, training, and compliance audits. The presentation aims to help organizations manage process safety risks in a more structured way.
The document summarizes the basics of pressure relief devices, including why they are required, common components, classification and types. It provides examples of relief scenarios and causes of overpressure. The key steps in relief device sizing calculations are outlined. An example calculation is shown for checking the adequacy of installed relief devices for a reactor system during an emergency relief scenario involving an external fire.
The document discusses ladder safety, including types of portable ladders, ratings, selecting the appropriate ladder, proper use, maintenance and storage. It notes that most ladder injuries involve falls of less than 10 feet and recommends inspecting ladders regularly, setting them up correctly, and climbing/descending properly to reduce risks.
The document provides guidance on working at heights safely. It discusses proper use of personal fall arrest systems, mobile elevating work platforms, scaffolds, ladders, and other equipment. Key safety practices include inspecting equipment for damage, using fall protection properly anchored to certified points, maintaining three-point contact on ladders, and keeping work areas and access/egress points clear of debris.
OISD-STD-117 Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipe...AnupamaPanoli
The document outlines standards for fire protection facilities at petroleum depots, terminals, and pipeline installations in India. It discusses requirements for fire water systems, foam systems, control room protection, firefighting equipment, alarm systems, and organization of fire safety resources. The standards aim to minimize loss of life and property from fire through rapid containment and extinguishment. Requirements include fixed water spray and foam systems for large storage tanks, monitors and hydrants in hazardous areas, and clean agent systems for control rooms.
V 1 presentation on safety aspects of lpg handling and storageImran Bokhari
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of Propane and Butanes, with Propane content of 30 to 60 percent and Butanes content of 40 to 70 percent. LPG can exist in liquid state at moderate pressure at ambient temperature. It is colorless, odorless, highly volatile and heavier than air (even at ambient conditions) substance. It easily forms combustible/explosive mixture when released in air, thus posing unique safety issues. Besides being a combustible substance posing fire hazard, LPG due to its nature also poses threats of cold burns and suffocation. LPG is being extensively used as fuel in homes, restaurants, transportation and some industries. In this presentation we have discussed in detail a major HSE related incident that have occurred in the past and mitigation strategies for the same. The required safety devices and their engineering design features in LPG extraction plant to avoid accidents are also discussed.
This document provides guidance on annual refresher training for self-contained breathing apparatus, including reviewing the components and functions of the SCBA, maintenance and inspections, donning and operational testing, and considerations for use. Classroom and hands-on sessions are outlined to ensure proper care, use, and safety with SCBA equipment.
Fire pumps are pumps certified to NFPA 20 standards that provide reliable water supply for fire protection systems. They enhance water pressure and cannot create water flow. Fire pumps require regular inspection and testing to verify they are operating properly and free of issues. Weekly inspections include checking components like valves, gauges, fuel levels, and batteries, while weekly tests involve starting the pump without water flow to check for abnormal noises, vibrations, or overheating that could indicate maintenance is needed.
This document summarizes fire protection systems, including different types of sprinkler systems, fire classes and extinguishing agents, and fire alarm and detection standards. It describes NFPA 13, 13D, and 13R sprinkler system standards and their applications based on occupancy classifications. The key aspects covered are the four classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents, as well as wet, dry, preaction, and deluge sprinkler systems.
This document discusses regulations and guidelines for the safe handling of compressed gases. It covers the properties of different types of gases like compressed, liquefied, and cryogenic gases. Key terms are defined, such as vapor density, flammability limits, and expansion rates. The document reviews gas container types and provides information on cylinder markings, valves, pressure relief devices, and hazards.
This document discusses safety procedures for handling compressed gas cylinders. It begins by providing examples of accidents that occurred due to unsafe compressed gas practices. It then defines compressed gases as chemicals stored under pressure in portable cylinders or bulk systems. Several common compressed gases are listed, along with their industrial uses. The document provides detailed safety guidance for transporting, handling, storing, and using compressed gas cylinders. Specific safety information is also given for liquified petroleum gas (propane), compressed air, oxygen, acetylene, and some other common compressed gases. It emphasizes the importance of always properly securing, moving and labeling cylinders according to established safety protocols.
Compressed gas cylinders must be properly stored, transported, and used to prevent accidents and injuries. Cylinders should be regularly inspected and stored in well-ventilated, fire-resistant areas. Hazardous gases like oxygen and flammables must be segregated from each other and employees should receive training on proper handling of compressed gases.
This document provides information on safety layer of protection analysis (LOPA):
- It describes the steps of LOPA including expressing risk targets quantitatively, determining risk for a system, and reducing risk to meet targets.
- It gives examples of applying LOPA to process designs including a flash drum and fired heater. Initiating events are identified and protection layers are analyzed to determine overall risk. Enhancements may be needed to meet risk targets.
- Key aspects of LOPA are discussed such as determining probabilities of initiating events and protection layer failures, setting risk targets, and approaches to risk reduction including safety interlock systems.
Lifegear is the best industrial safety equipment supplier in india. Lifegear best in rescue equipment suppliers,Industrial equipment suppliers,safety equipment suppliers,horizontal lifeline system, vertical lifeline system, rooftop lifeline system, personel protective ppe, full body harness, industrial safety architect, search and rescue
If your facility loses power what do you do? If there is a fire or flood how will you respond? These often-overlooked emergency situations are a costly threat to facilities across the US. Planning for emergencies can often seem daunting and time consuming, especially considering that OSHA requires a written plan. To make your life easier, our experts will share best practices for developing and implementing a rock-solid emergency action plan.
This document discusses pressure relief systems, which are critical in the chemical process industries to safely handle overpressurization. It describes causes of overpressurization, types of safety valves and rupture disks used for relief, and components of open and closed pressure relief systems. Open systems vent non-hazardous gases to the atmosphere, while closed systems route flammable gases through flare headers and knockout drums to be burned in a flare stack. The document provides example calculations for sizing relief valves, piping, and other components to ensure systems can safely relieve pressure without resealing valves.
This document provides information and examples related to near miss incidents in an oil refinery setting. It defines near misses, provides examples of near miss incidents, discusses factors that can lead to unsafe acts or conditions, and outlines reporting procedures for high-potential near misses. The document aims to increase awareness of near misses to help prevent future accidents.
The document outlines the design of a firewater system for offshore facilities. It discusses dividing the facilities into separate fire areas using physical barriers to minimize the design firewater demand. It then lists 25 possible major fire scenarios and calculates the firewater demand for each scenario based on the areas that would need to be deluged. The largest firewater demands range from 131-7189 cubic meters per hour depending on the location and size of the fire scenario.
This document provides information about handling high purity gases and gas mixtures. It discusses AGA Gas AB, relevant laws and regulations, types of gases and their risks, gas cylinder markings, and safe handling practices. Training is emphasized as important for safely working with gases. Risk assessments should be conducted and documented to identify hazards and ensure compliance. Proper storage, protective equipment, ventilation, and emergency plans are required to minimize risks like fire, explosion, asphyxiation, and injury from high pressures or low temperatures.
The document discusses Process Safety Management (PSM) and provides an overview of its key elements. PSM is a comprehensive management system that proactively avoids incidents in hazardous industries handling toxic chemicals. It integrates risk management across 14 elements, including employee participation, process hazard analysis, operating procedures, training, and compliance audits. The presentation aims to help organizations manage process safety risks in a more structured way.
The document summarizes the basics of pressure relief devices, including why they are required, common components, classification and types. It provides examples of relief scenarios and causes of overpressure. The key steps in relief device sizing calculations are outlined. An example calculation is shown for checking the adequacy of installed relief devices for a reactor system during an emergency relief scenario involving an external fire.
The document discusses ladder safety, including types of portable ladders, ratings, selecting the appropriate ladder, proper use, maintenance and storage. It notes that most ladder injuries involve falls of less than 10 feet and recommends inspecting ladders regularly, setting them up correctly, and climbing/descending properly to reduce risks.
The document provides guidance on working at heights safely. It discusses proper use of personal fall arrest systems, mobile elevating work platforms, scaffolds, ladders, and other equipment. Key safety practices include inspecting equipment for damage, using fall protection properly anchored to certified points, maintaining three-point contact on ladders, and keeping work areas and access/egress points clear of debris.
OISD-STD-117 Fire Protection Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals, Pipe...AnupamaPanoli
The document outlines standards for fire protection facilities at petroleum depots, terminals, and pipeline installations in India. It discusses requirements for fire water systems, foam systems, control room protection, firefighting equipment, alarm systems, and organization of fire safety resources. The standards aim to minimize loss of life and property from fire through rapid containment and extinguishment. Requirements include fixed water spray and foam systems for large storage tanks, monitors and hydrants in hazardous areas, and clean agent systems for control rooms.
V 1 presentation on safety aspects of lpg handling and storageImran Bokhari
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of Propane and Butanes, with Propane content of 30 to 60 percent and Butanes content of 40 to 70 percent. LPG can exist in liquid state at moderate pressure at ambient temperature. It is colorless, odorless, highly volatile and heavier than air (even at ambient conditions) substance. It easily forms combustible/explosive mixture when released in air, thus posing unique safety issues. Besides being a combustible substance posing fire hazard, LPG due to its nature also poses threats of cold burns and suffocation. LPG is being extensively used as fuel in homes, restaurants, transportation and some industries. In this presentation we have discussed in detail a major HSE related incident that have occurred in the past and mitigation strategies for the same. The required safety devices and their engineering design features in LPG extraction plant to avoid accidents are also discussed.
This document provides guidance on annual refresher training for self-contained breathing apparatus, including reviewing the components and functions of the SCBA, maintenance and inspections, donning and operational testing, and considerations for use. Classroom and hands-on sessions are outlined to ensure proper care, use, and safety with SCBA equipment.
Fire pumps are pumps certified to NFPA 20 standards that provide reliable water supply for fire protection systems. They enhance water pressure and cannot create water flow. Fire pumps require regular inspection and testing to verify they are operating properly and free of issues. Weekly inspections include checking components like valves, gauges, fuel levels, and batteries, while weekly tests involve starting the pump without water flow to check for abnormal noises, vibrations, or overheating that could indicate maintenance is needed.
This document summarizes fire protection systems, including different types of sprinkler systems, fire classes and extinguishing agents, and fire alarm and detection standards. It describes NFPA 13, 13D, and 13R sprinkler system standards and their applications based on occupancy classifications. The key aspects covered are the four classes of fire and appropriate extinguishing agents, as well as wet, dry, preaction, and deluge sprinkler systems.
This document discusses regulations and guidelines for the safe handling of compressed gases. It covers the properties of different types of gases like compressed, liquefied, and cryogenic gases. Key terms are defined, such as vapor density, flammability limits, and expansion rates. The document reviews gas container types and provides information on cylinder markings, valves, pressure relief devices, and hazards.
This document discusses safety procedures for handling compressed gas cylinders. It begins by providing examples of accidents that occurred due to unsafe compressed gas practices. It then defines compressed gases as chemicals stored under pressure in portable cylinders or bulk systems. Several common compressed gases are listed, along with their industrial uses. The document provides detailed safety guidance for transporting, handling, storing, and using compressed gas cylinders. Specific safety information is also given for liquified petroleum gas (propane), compressed air, oxygen, acetylene, and some other common compressed gases. It emphasizes the importance of always properly securing, moving and labeling cylinders according to established safety protocols.
Compressed gas cylinders must be properly stored, transported, and used to prevent accidents and injuries. Cylinders should be regularly inspected and stored in well-ventilated, fire-resistant areas. Hazardous gases like oxygen and flammables must be segregated from each other and employees should receive training on proper handling of compressed gases.
Compressed gas cylinders present unique hazards due to their high pressure contents. Proper identification, handling, use and storage of cylinders is important for safety. Key safety steps include using cylinder carts to move cylinders securely, checking for leaks whenever connecting cylinders, keeping cylinders upright and valves protected when in use or storage, and ensuring any equipment used is compatible. Special precautions apply for corrosive, toxic or flammable gas cylinders.
This document provides an overview of safe handling practices for compressed gases. It defines compressed gases and lists various gas properties like being under high pressure, toxic, corrosive, or flammable. The document outlines identification markings on gas cylinders and regulations for transportation, storage, and use. It describes hazards of compressed gases and emphasizes treating all cylinders with care. The document also reviews functions of pressure regulators, safety devices, and developing an emergency plan for gas releases.
This document provides guidance on the safe use of compressed gas cylinders. It outlines several hazards associated with different types of compressed gases and gives an overview of common causes of accidents. The document then provides guidance on safely working with gas cylinders, including proper identification of gas type, daily inspection of cylinders and equipment, safe cylinder handling practices, and ensuring proper regulators, hoses, piping, and torches are used.
The document provides information on lifting safety and reducing lifting injuries. It discusses lifting hazards like heavy, frequent, and awkward lifting that can cause injuries. Over 1/3 of workplace musculoskeletal disorders in Washington are due to lifting. The document then provides various ergonomic principles and examples of how to reduce lifting hazards, such as using mechanical assistance, team lifting, sliding loads instead of lifting, reducing weight, package size or shelf depth, and properly arranging storage.
Back injuries are very common and costly. Proper posture, conditioning exercises for the back and core, and safe lifting techniques through good body mechanics can help prevent back injuries. Key aspects of safe lifting include bending at the knees rather than at the waist, keeping loads close to the body, and avoiding twisting motions. Simple exercises like wall slides and straight leg raises can help strengthen back muscles.
This document discusses confined space entry and safety. It defines a confined space as having limited entry/exit points, unfavorable natural ventilation, and not being designed for continuous occupancy. Hazards include oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, engulfment, and heat/cold stress. Proper entry procedures require atmospheric testing, ventilation, isolation of hazards, use of respirators and permits. Workers must be trained on confined space hazards and rescue procedures.
This document discusses confined spaces and permit-required confined spaces. It defines key terms like confined space, permit-required confined space, hazardous atmosphere, and provides an overview of the permit system requirements in 29 CFR 1910.146 for entering permit-required confined spaces. It describes the duties of attendants, authorized entrants, entry supervisors, requirements for testing atmospheres and for rescue services.
Ventilation is necessary when confined space atmospheres contain hazardous gases, vapors, or oxygen deficiencies. Natural ventilation alone is usually insufficient and mechanical ventilation is often required, especially for hot work. Proper ventilation design considers the space configuration, hazards present, and work being performed to determine the appropriate ventilation method, such as general ventilation using fans or local exhaust. Factors like obstructions, multiple users, and long air hoses can reduce ventilation performance, so supplemental air sources may be needed.
Confined Space Hazards Training by State of California Department of Industri...Atlantic Training, LLC.
This document discusses confined spaces and California's regulations around them. It notes that confined spaces present special safety risks if they have limited entry/exit points and hazardous atmospheres. The document outlines how to identify confined spaces and evaluate their hazards. It emphasizes that employers must have an effective confined space program in place if confined spaces exist in their workplaces, and provides resources for assistance with developing confined space programs.
The document discusses permit-required confined spaces and hazards associated with entry into such spaces. It defines a permit-required confined space as a space that is large enough for employee entry, has limited means of entry/exit, is not designed for continuous employee occupancy, and contains hazards such as hazardous atmospheres, engulfment, or configuration hazards. The document outlines requirements for permit-required confined space programs including procedures for entry permits, training, duties of attendants, entrants and supervisors, provision of equipment, and rescue services. It provides definitions of key terms and describes various atmospheric and other hazards that may be present within permit-required confined spaces.
Confined Space Training by Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry Atlantic Training, LLC.
OSHA developed a confined space standard to protect workers from hazards like toxic, flammable or oxygen-deficient atmospheres that can be found in confined spaces. Over 120 confined space accidents occurred each year prior to the standard, resulting in 173 fatalities. Many of these fatalities were would-be rescuers. The standard defines permit-required confined spaces and focuses on preventing injuries and fatalities by requiring training, atmospheric testing, ventilation, isolation of hazards, use of personal protective equipment, safe work procedures, emergency response plans, and more. Employers must evaluate worksites to identify permit-required confined spaces and protect unauthorized entry.
According to the presentation:
1) Back injuries are one of the most common workplace injuries, costing employers billions annually.
2) Material handling and lifting injuries are exceedingly painful and difficult to heal from, and increase the risk of future injuries.
3) Proper lifting technique is important to prevent back strain, including bending the knees, keeping the back straight, and lifting with the legs instead of the back. The calculator can determine if a load is too heavy to lift safely.
This document discusses back safety and proper lifting techniques. It explains that the lower back acts as a lever during lifting, placing significant pressure on the spine. Common causes of back injuries include heavy lifting, twisting while lifting, awkward positions, and slipping. The document provides guidelines for safe lifting, such as keeping objects close to the body and lifting with leg muscles. It also recommends exercises to strengthen back muscles, such as wall slides, leg raises, and partial sit-ups. Proper lifting technique and regular exercise can help prevent back injuries.
This document summarizes key OSHA electrical safety standards from Subpart S, including requirements for conductors entering boxes to be protected from abrasion, grounding paths, electrical box covers, use of flexible cords and cables, and average number of citations issued. Key standards require conductors and equipment to be approved, examination and safe use of electrical equipment, identification of disconnecting means and circuits, adequate working space around electrical equipment, guarding of live parts, illumination around electrical equipment, and identification of conductors.
Masonry Electrical Safety Training by Rocky Mountain Masonry InstituteAtlantic Training, LLC.
This document provides an overview of an electrical safety training module focused on electrical hazards for masonry construction. The training objectives are to familiarize trainees with basic electricity concepts, potential effects on the human body, common electrical hazards in masonry work, protective devices, and safe work practices. It references OSHA regulations and the National Electric Code. It describes how electricity can cause shock, fires, explosions, arc flash, and arc blast injuries. It also outlines the fundamentals of electricity, how shocks occur, and the effects of current flow on the body. Finally, it discusses controlling electrical hazards through electrical isolation, equipment grounding, circuit interruption, and following safe work practices.
Electrical Safety Awareness Training by Albert Einstein College of MedicineAtlantic Training, LLC.
This document provides an outline for an electrical safety awareness training. It discusses the purpose of the training which is to raise awareness of electrical hazards and instruct attendees on hazard recognition, protection methods, and emergency response. Key topics covered include basic electricity concepts, effects of electricity on the human body, identifying hazards like damaged cords and exposed wiring, and protective equipment and practices like insulation, grounding, lockout/tagout procedures, and PPE. The training aims to emphasize electrical safety requirements to prevent electrical accidents and injuries.
Electrical injuries and accidents remain a serious safety issue. The document discusses electrical hazards like shock, burns, falls and fires while providing examples of each. It also covers topics such as classifying voltages, grounding, ground faults, GFCIs and how to control electrical hazards.
This document provides training for non-electrical skilled workers on recognizing and mitigating electrical hazards in the workplace. It reviews basic electrical safety training, defines who is considered a non-electrical skilled worker, and discusses requirements from the Department of Energy (DOE) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard 70E. The training then covers specific electrical hazards like shock, arc, and blast exposure and how to protect against these using lockout/tagout procedures. It provides guidance on safety-related equipment and work practices like using ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), circuit breaker tripping, cord and tool inspection, ladder safety, and battery hazards and precautions.
The document provides guidance on safe gas handling and storage. It discusses gas properties, hazards, risk assessment, emergency response procedures, and best practices. Key points include understanding gas characteristics and risks, conducting thorough risk assessments, developing emergency plans, and following applicable standards to ensure safety.
This document provides guidelines for the safe storage, handling, use and disposal of compressed and liquefied gas cylinders. It outlines general requirements including proper cylinder storage, transporting cylinders safely, using cylinders and equipment appropriately, and handling specific hazard classes of gases. The guidelines are intended to inform employees of risks and ensure their protection when working with gas cylinders.
The document discusses the safe deployment of high-pressure inert gas cylinders. It outlines that while inert gases do not pose flammability or toxicity hazards, the cylinders can contain gas at pressures up to 180 bar. The cylinders are protected by safety pressure relief devices and undergo regular hydrostatic testing to ensure they can withstand very high pressures without bursting. It provides best practices for deploying the cylinders outdoors, such as proper transportation, installation, ventilation, and avoiding enclosed spaces.
Anaesthesia Workstation for Residents.
With High pressure, Mid and low pressure workstation.
Explaining the Gas delivery with respect to safety features of the machine.
Liquid nitrogen is an odorless, colorless liquid that boils at -320 degrees Fahrenheit. It is non-flammable but can displace oxygen from the air, creating an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. When handling liquid nitrogen, proper personal protective equipment should always be worn, including gloves, eye protection and loose fitting clothing. Liquid nitrogen should only be stored and used in well-ventilated areas due to the risk of oxygen deficiency.
Safe installation and operation LPG conversion kit for gasoline generatorsAsechemie Gabriel
A presentation given on 30 March 2017 to the Nigerian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Technical and safety committee at Lagos, Nigeria to develop curriculum for LPG conversion kit installation and operations.
This document provides an overview of compressed gas safety, including:
1) It defines different categories of gases such as asphyxiant, corrosive, cryogenic, flammable, inert, oxidant, pyrophoric, and toxic gases and provides examples and safety considerations for each.
2) It includes a table listing common specialty gases and categorizing them as flammable, liquefied, having oxidant, inert, corrosive, or toxic properties.
3) The document emphasizes the importance of understanding gas properties and following proper safety precautions when working with compressed gases due to their flammable, toxic, corrosive, and other hazardous nature.
This document provides training on fire protection and prevention. It discusses the components of fire, how to prevent fires by removing fuel, heat, or oxygen, and employer responsibilities for firefighting programs. Specific topics covered include storing and using flammable liquids safely, controlling ignition sources, types of fire extinguishers and their requirements, and how to effectively use a fire extinguisher using the PASS method. Hazards associated with roofing activities like kettle usage and torch applications are also reviewed.
The document provides guidance on general safety procedures for welding and cutting. It discusses factors like ventilation, protective clothing, equipment, and procedures for oxy-acetylene welding. Specific safety topics covered include ventilation requirements for different space dimensions and welder numbers, appropriate protective clothing like wool, proper use and storage of gas cylinders, checking for leaks, lighting and shutting down torches, preventing backfires and flashbacks, safely welding containers, and cleaning methods for containers that previously held combustible materials. Management is responsible for ensuring welders have proper ventilation and protection.
Amee - PAPER PRESENTATION ON GAS HANDLINGamee terdue
Compressed gas cylinders require safe handling practices to prevent accidents and injuries. Key safety practices include: transporting cylinders securely and properly labeled; keeping cylinders away from heat sources; wearing protective equipment when handling cylinders; and never attempting cylinder repairs or modifications. Failure to follow established safety methods for compressed gas cylinders risks creating dangerous environments that could lead to fires, explosions or oxygen depletion.
This document provides guidance on safely handling compressed gas cylinders. It discusses the hazards of compressed gases, proper identification and labeling of cylinders and lines, safe storage, handling and transportation. Key points include identifying cylinder contents clearly, securing cylinders at all times, using compatible regulators, checking for leaks, closing valves when not in use, and returning empty cylinders to suppliers. Safety precautions like using safety glasses and preventing fire hazards are also outlined.
Fixed wet and dry chemical fire suppression systems provide an alternative to water-based systems. They use pressurized gas to expel wet chemical agents or dry chemical powders onto fires. These systems are either pre-engineered for specific hazards or custom engineered. They include storage containers, piping, nozzles, activation devices, and alarms. Inspection and testing is required monthly or semiannually to ensure proper operation, with full discharge tests every 6 years. Records of inspections and tests must be maintained.
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Oxygen MANUFACTRE STORAGE PREPERATION AND CLINICAL ASPECTDr.RMLIMS lucknow
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Essential training on non water based fire protection Sabrul Jamil
Although water is the best fire protection material, it can not be used across all the systems. So this training is based on these NON-WATER BASED FIRE PROTECTION which includes CLEAN AGENT & FOAM SYSTEM, Kitchen Fire Solution, Techniques for Oxygen reduction and various type of fire prevention like passive fire protection.
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This situation requires sensitivity and care. Jessica and Joe should be reminded that maintaining a respectful workplace is important for all. Their supervisor could speak to each privately, explain that while personal relationships may form, certain behaviors make others uncomfortable during work hours and could be perceived as harassment. The supervisor should listen without judgment, help them understand other perspectives, and request they keep private matters private at work. If issues continue, mediation may help address underlying concerns in a constructive way.
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The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
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Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
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• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
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LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
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3. Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of this presentation, you will:
►Know types of gases in compressed gas cylinders
►Recognize hazards associated with these gases
►Know safe use practices of compressed gases
6. Compressed Gas Cylinders
Standard portable industrial gas cylinder:
►Stores gases at high pressures
►57in tall, 9in diameter
►One-quarter inch thickness
►About 155lbs in weight when filled
►330 cubic ft of gas at 2640 lbs per square inch
7. Four Types of Compressed Gases
Substance types in gas cylinders:
►Gas at standard temperature,
increased pressure
►Liquefies at standard temperature,
increased pressure
►Dissolved in a solvent
►Liquefies at reduced temperature,
increased pressure
8. Gas at STP
Gases at standard temperature:
►Air
►Argon
►Helium
►Nitrogen
►Oxygen
12. Hazards of Compressed Gas Systems
Hazards of use, storage, and handling of cylinders:
►Chemical hazards:
–Associated with cylinder contents
►Physical hazards:
–Due to presence of a high pressure vessel
15. Labeling and Material Safety Data Sheets
Labeling and MSDS practices:
►Cylinders may be stenciled or stamped
►Three-part tag systems
►Cylinder color-coding is unreliable
►Periodic inspections
►All gases to be included in:
– Hazard communication
chemical inventory
– Material Safety Data Sheets
16. Segregation
Compressed gases should be segregated from:
► High traffic areas
► Oil and grease
► Flames, sparks, heat, or ignition
► Electrical circuits
Cylinders should be protected from:
► Ground
► Direct sunlight
► Dampness
► Salt and other corrosives
17. Fire Protection
Cylinders containing flammable gases should be:
►Separated from cylinders containing oxidizing gas:
– 20 feet
– 5 foot fire-resistant barrier
►Stored in a well-ventilated space
►Use flow restrictors or surge protectors
18. Cylinder Leaks
Leak detection procedures:
►For flammable gas – soapy water solution
►Temperatures at or below freezing use 50%
glycerin-water
►For toxic/corrosive gas – test with inert gas
►Establish emergency procedures
21. Physical Hazards
Container may rupture due to:
►Forklift puncture
►Knocked over
Ruptured tanks
►May become projectiles
►Release toxic gas into the atmosphere
►Turn the environment flammable
22. Securing Cylinders
Gas cylinders must be secured at all times:
►In a vertical position
►Secured at 2/3 of it’s height with:
– Chain, plastic coated wire cable, or straps
►Secured individually
23. Transporting Cylinders
Rules for transporting:
►Never drag, slide, or roll a cylinder
►Always have valve cap on
►Never transport with regulator in place
►Ensure it’s secured to cart
►Do not drop or strike against objects
►Do not lift by valve cover
►Do not use ropes or slings
24. Cylinder Testing
Test information marked on cylinder:
►Hydrostatic and burst testing are most common
►Hydrostatic or ultrasonic testing is required every
5 - 10 years
1. DOT Specifications – Material or
Construction
Serial Number
2. Registered Owner
3. Date of Manufacture and original hydrostatic
test
4. Neck Ring – Current Owner
5. Retest Markings
6. Barcode
7. Cylinder Manufacturers Marking
8. TW = Tare Weight
26. Gas Lines and Piping
Guidelines:
►All gas lines should be labeled
►Hoses should be examined
►Avoid unnecessarily long hoses
►Keep hoses free of kinks
►Keep hoses away from high
traffic areas
►Repair leaks promptly
►One hose per type of gas
27. The Regulator
Precautions:
►Make sure correct regulator is equipped
►Inspect regulator and cylinder
►Never use grease or oil
►Valve handle should be easily accessible
►Use proper tools for valves
►Check MSDS
►Fire extinguishers
►Valve outlet facing away
28. Cylinder Storage
Storage area should be:
►Away from heat and ignition sources
►Designated “no smoking”
►Marked as gas storage
►Restricted access
►Provided with appropriate equipment
29. Cylinder Storage (continued)
Gas containers should be:
►Capped, stood upright, and properly secured
►Segregated according to categories
►Segregated according to full or empty
►Manage so oldest is used first
►Periodically checked for condition
30. Empty Cylinders
Proper procedure:
►Considered full until identified as empty by user
►Labeled “M T” or tagged when empty
►Empty cylinders are returned to supplier
►Leave 25 psig minimum pressure
►Do not leave empty cylinders
attached to pressurized system
32. Your Responsibilities
Your responsibilities include:
►Knowing content of cylinders used
►Regulator, valve, and hose maintenance
►Following rules for storage, transportation, and use
►Knowing what to do in an emergency
33. Additional Information
Compressed Gas Safety: General Safety Guidelines,
Montana Department of Labor and Industry
Air Products Safety Grams
http://www.airproducts.com/index.asp
Compressed Gas Association (CGA)
www.cganet.com
Compressed Gases Self Inspection
Checklist, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Safety Checklist Program for Schools
Editor's Notes
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Welcome to your Compressed Gases presentation.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
We have very specific learning objectives for you during this presentation.
At the conclusion of this presentation, you will:
Understand various types of gases stored within compressed gas cylinders.
Recognize the chemicals and physical hazards associated with these gases.
Be familiar with work practices for the safe use of compressed gases in the workplace.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Our presentation today will involve the following agenda:
We will discuss the 411 on compressed gases and cylinders.
We will then review both chemical hazards and physical hazards.
We will discuss some of your responsibilities.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Section 1 will cover information on compressed gases and cylinders.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
A gas cylinder or tank is a pressure vessel used to store gases at high pressure.
Gas cylinders are typically constructed of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, or composite materials.
Gas cylinders come in many sizes, depending on the application and whether the cylinder is to be portable or in a fixed location.
A standard portable industrial gas cylinder is 57 inches tall, 9 inches in diameter, has a wall thickness of about one-quarter inch, weighs about 155 pounds when filled, and contains 330 cubic feet of gas at a pressure of 2640 pounds per square inch.
Of course, there are many other sizes of portable cylinders, all the way down to the propane cylinder for a camp stove you can hold in your hand.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
There are four different types of compressed gases stored in gas cylinders.
They are as follows:
A substance that remains a gas at standard temperature but increased pressure.
A substance that liquefies at standard temperature but increased pressure.
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.
A substance that is liquefied at reduced temperature and increased pressure.
Let’s review each type.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
The first category of compressed gases is a substance remains a gas at standard temperature and increased pressure.
Examples would include:
Air
Argon
Helium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
The second category includes substances that are liquids at standard temperature but increased pressure.
Examples include:
Butane
Propane
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
The third category includes substances that are dissolved at standard temperature in a solvent.
The most common example of this type is acetylene.
Note: Acetylene cylinders contain an inert packing material and are filled with a solvent such as acetone.
The acetylene is pumped into the cylinder and it dissolves in the solvent.
When the cylinder is opened the acetylene comes back out of solution, much like a carbonated beverage bubbles when opened.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
The fourth category includes substances that are liquefied at reduced temperature and increased pressure.
These are also referred to as cryogenic gases.
Examples include:
Liquid nitrogen
Liquid oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Note: cryogenic gases are typically equipped with some type of “bleed” device to prevent overpressure from rupturing the bottle and to allow evaporative cooling to continue.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
There are two types of hazards associated with the use, storage and handling of compressed gas cylinders:
The chemical hazard associated with the cylinder contents (such as corrosive, toxic, flammable, etc.).
The physical hazards represented by the presence of a high pressure vessel in the laboratory.
In the next sections of this presentation, we will explore these hazard categories in detail.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
In section 2, we will review chemical hazards of compressed gases
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Welcome to Section Two, where we will review chemical hazards of compressed gases.
Depending on the particular gas involved, there is a potential for exposure to considerable chemical hazards.
Gases used may be: flammable or combustible, corrosive, explosive, poisonous, inert, acidic, reactive, and a combination of hazards.
Care must be taken to avoid exposure to these gases through inhalation.
Extremely toxic gases should only be used inside laboratory hoods or ventilated cabinets.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
To avoid any confusion and to ensure safe handling, the specific contents of all compressed gas cylinders needs to be clearly identified.
Identification of the cylinder contents can be accomplished by stenciling or stamping the contents on the cylinder or on a label.
Commercially available three-part tag systems are convenient for identification and inventory.
Never rely on the color of the cylinder for identification.
Color-coding is not reliable because cylinder colors may vary with supplier.
Also, never rely on labels on cylinder caps because they are interchangeable.
Inspections should be periodically performed to ensure that the contents of all cylinders in the workplace are clear and identified.
Of course, all compressed gases need to be included in the hazard communication chemical inventory and Material Safety Data Sheets (or MSDSs) available in the workplace.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
In the workspace, compressed gases should be segregated from the following:
High traffic areas.
Oil and grease.
Flames, sparks, or any source of heat or ignition,.
Electrical circuits.
Cylinders should be protected from:
The ground to prevent bottom corrosion.
Direct sunlight.
Continuous dampness.
Salt or other corrosives.
Recommended Facilitator Notes: (read the following text out-loud to participants while showing this slide)
Many gases, including a variety of organic compounds such as ethylene, propane, or methane are flammable and can turn a cylinder into a flame-thrower, if ignited.
Flammable gases can be ignited by static electricity or by a heat source, such as a flame or hot object.
Flammable gases should not be stored near unprotected electrical connections, heat sources, or any source of ignition.
Cylinders containing flammable gases (empty or full) should be separated from cylinders containing oxidizing gases by a minimum distance of 20 feet or by a barrier at least 5 feet high which has a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour; for example, a concrete block wall.
Storage of flammable gases in a ventilated, fire-resistant enclosure is recommended.
If this is not possible, flammable gas cylinders should be stored in a well-ventilated space.
The use of flow restrictors or surge protectors on flammable gas cylinders is recommended, in order to prevent a sudden large flow of gas if a rupture or other unexpected release happens in the system.
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Leaking cylinders constitute a threat that may be so serious that entire facilities may be required to evacuate and outside help may be required to assist.
Leak detection procedures should be implemented prior to use of any system using compressed gas.
This can be accomplished in the following manner:
For a flammable gas, a flammable gas detector, a soapy water solution, or a 50% glycerin-water solution may be used.
At temperatures at or below freezing, the 50% glycerin-water solution should be used.
For systems where toxic or corrosive gases will be used, first test the system with an inert gas before introduction of the hazardous material.
Emergency procedures should be established and communicated to all personnel so that everyone knows what to do in the event of a leaking cylinder.
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Engineering controls are the most effective method to control the risks associated with compressed gas use.
Common engineering controls include the following:
An emergency shutoff switch can be used at a remote location to cause pneumatic valves to shut, stopping gas flow. Switches should be non-electric so that arcs or sparks are not created around flammable gases.
Hazardous gas cylinders can be housed in a gas cylinder cabinet, which can be equipped with sprinkler protection and ventilation.
Flow restrictors can be used to limit gas flow and should be installed immediately downstream of each hazardous gas cylinder.
An emergency eyewash must be present in areas were corrosive materials or gas is used.
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In section 3, we will review the control of physical hazards associated with compressed gas cylinder usage.
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Welcome to Section Three, where we will review the control of physical hazards associated with compressed gas cylinder usage.
The principal physical hazard associated with compressed gases is the rapid release of contents under pressure if the container were to rupture.
The container may rupture due to contact, such as a forklift puncturing a propane tank, or a portable cylinder may be knocked over and the valve stem cracks as a result of hitting the floor.
Of course, once an uncontrolled release of contents occurs, we’ve got some serious potential problems.
It has been reported that if a full tank were to have the valve sheered off, the projectile could travel some 500 yards and go through concrete walls.
Other problems may shortly follow, based on the nature of the gas being released.
The gas may create a toxic or flammable atmosphere, for example.
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Gas cylinders must be secured at all times to prevent tipping:
Cylinders should be secured in a vertical position.
The cylinders must be secured at a point approximately 2/3 of its height, using an appropriate material such as a chain, plastic coated wire cable, or commercially available cylinder straps.
Cylinders should be secured individually, meaning one restraint per cylinder.
The issue with restraining multiple cylinders on one restraint is that in order to move one of those cylinders, all of them must be unrestrained.
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There are some very important rules to follow when transporting compressed gas cylinders:
Never drag, slide, or roll a cylinder; use a cylinder cart or basket.
Always have the protective cap covering the valve when transporting the cylinder.
Never transport the cylinder with the regulator in place.
Make sure the cylinder is secured to the cart before moving it.
Do not drop cylinders or strike them against each other or against other surfaces violently.
Do not use the valve cover to lift cylinders; they could be damaged and become unattached.
Ropes or slings should be not be used to suspend cylinders unless the gas vendor has made provisions for such lifting and attachment points are provided on the cylinder.
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There are a variety of tests that may be performed on various cylinders.
Some of the most common types of tests are the hydrostatic test and the burst test.
During the manufacturing process, vital information is usually stamped or permanently marked on the cylinder.
This information usually includes the type of cylinder, the working or service pressure, the serial number, date of manufacture, the manufacture's registered code, and sometimes the test pressure.
High pressure cylinders that are used multiple times--as most are--are hydrostatically or ultrasonically tested and visually examined every few years.
In the U.S., hydrostatic or ultrasonic testing is required either every five years or every ten years, depending on cylinder and its service.
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When gases are supplied in gas cylinders, the cylinders have a stop angle valve at the end on top.
During storage, transportation, and handling when the gas is not in use, a cap may be screwed over the protruding valve to protect it from damage or breaking off in case the cylinder were to fall over.
Instead of a cap, some cylinders have some sort of protective frame around the stop valve.
When the gas in the cylinder is ready to be used, the cap is taken off and a pressure-regulating assembly is attached to the stop valve.
This attachment typically has a pressure regulator with upstream (inlet) and downstream (outlet) pressure gauges and a further downstream needle valve and outlet connection.
The upstream pressure gauge indicates how much gas is left in the cylinder according to pressure.
The regulator could be adjusted to control the flow of gas out of the cylinder according to pressure shown by the downstream gauge.
The outlet connection is attached to whatever needs the gas supply, such as a laboratory instrument for example.
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The following guidelines apply to gas lines and hoses:
All gas lines leading from a compressed gas supply should be clearly labeled to identify the gas and the area served.
Hoses should be examined on a regular inspection schedule.
Unnecessarily long hoses should be avoided.
Keep hoses free from kinks and away from high traffic areas.
Repair leaks promptly and properly.
Do not use a single hose for multiple types of gases.
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Before cylinders are first used the following precautions should be taken:
Make sure the cylinder is equipped with the correct regulator.
Inspect the regulator and cylinder valves for grease, oil, dirt, and solvent.
Never use grease or oil to lubricate regulators or cylinder valves because they can cause an explosion.
The cylinder should be placed so that the valve handle at the top is easily accessible.
When using toxic or irritating gas, the valve should only be opened while the cylinder is in a working fume hood.
Only use wrenches or tools that are provided by the cylinder supplier to open or close a valve. Pliers should never be used to open a cylinder valve. Some regulators require washers; this should be checked before the regulator is fitted.
Refer to MSDS for the gas being used for information regarding use and toxicity.
Fire extinguishing equipment should be readily available when combustible materials can be exposed to welding or cutting operations using compressed cylinder gases.
Open the valve slowly and only with the proper regulator in place.
Stand with the cylinder between yourself and the regulator (cylinder valve outlet facing away) when opening the cylinder valve.
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The compressed gas storage area should be:
Free from risk, away from sources of heat and ignition.
Designated as a “no smoking” area.
Clearly marked as a gas storage area with appropriate hazard warning signs.
Kept clear with access restricted to authorized personnel.
Provided with appropriate safety and emergency equipment, including a fire extinguisher and adequate ventilation.
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Compressed gas containers placed in the storage area should be:
Capped, stood upright, and properly secured with approved cylinder support.
Segregated according to their various categories, such as flammable, oxidant, etc., and providing 20' between incompatible gases.
Segregated in the storage area according to whether cylinders are full or empty.
Managed to ensure that the oldest stock is used first.
Checked periodically for general condition.
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All cylinders are to be considered full unless properly identified as empty by the user.
In many workplaces, the user writes the letter M and T (the phonetic spelling of empty) on an empty cylinder, in other workplaces tags are used.
“M .T.” cylinders should be returned to the supplier and not be permitted to accumulate.
To prevent contamination, and even explosive mixtures in cylinders, always leave at least 25 psig minimum pressure in all “empty” cylinders.
Do not leave an empty cylinder attached to a pressurized system.
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In section 4, we will review some of your responsibilities as a use of compressed gases.
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Let’s review some of your responsibilities as a use of compressed gases.
As a user of compressed gases, you should:
Know the content of each cylinder you use.
Ensure regulator is proper type, valves, and hoses are in good shape.
Follow rules we have discussed for storage, transportation, and use of cylinders.
Know what to do in the event of an emergency.
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Here are some outstanding sources of additional information on this important topic for your future reference.
Compressed Gas Safety: General Safety Guidelines, Montana Department of Labor and Industry
Air Products Safety Grams:
http://www.airproducts.com/index.asp
Compressed Gas Association (CGA):
www.cganet.com
Compressed Gases Self Inspection Checklist,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Safety Checklist Program for Schools