This document discusses the components and types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures. It describes the requirements and design specifications of maxillary and mandibular major connectors. For maxillary major connectors, it covers palatal bars, straps, plates and the indications and advantages/disadvantages of each. For mandibular major connectors, it discusses lingual bars, sublingual bars, double lingual bars, lingual plates and labial bars.
Minor connectors are components that connect parts of a removable partial denture like clasps, retainers, and rests to the major connector or denture base. There are 4 types that connect different components. They distribute forces to prevent excessive stress on any one tooth or ridge area. Minor connectors are usually located in interdental embrasures and have sufficient bulk and rigidity. They come in different designs like latticework, mesh, or beads to securely attach the denture base. Proper form, location, finish lines, and attachment to the major connector are important considerations for minor connectors.
This document discusses removable partial dentures (RPDs). It describes the objectives of prosthodontic treatment, consequences of tooth loss, components and classification of RPDs, principles of design including support, retention and stability, and types of major connectors and retainers. The Kennedy classification system and Applegate's rules for applying it are also summarized.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This document discusses tooth preparation for class II amalgam restorations. It defines a class II restoration as being on the proximal surfaces of premolars and molars. It describes the initial tooth preparation which includes outlining the cavity form and removing undermined enamel. Secondary features are then discussed like axial walls, gingival seats, proximal boxes, and line/point angles. Modifications like reverse curves and dovetails are covered. Finally, it discusses secondary retention forms such as locks, grooves, slots, and pins to improve bonding of the amalgam restoration. Pulp protection with liners or bases is also an important part of the preparation.
The document discusses various types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures. It defines a major connector as the part that joins components on one side of the dental arch to the other. The main types described are the lingual bar, linguoplate, double lingual bar, labial bar, and swing lock design. Each has specific indications, advantages, and disadvantages. For example, the lingual bar is most commonly used but care must be taken with design to avoid weakness, while the linguoplate is indicated when space is limited between the gingiva and floor of the mouth. Factors such as tooth positions, soft tissue contours, and oral hygiene influence the choice of major connector.
This document provides information about indirect retainers used in removable partial dentures (RPDs). It defines indirect retainers as parts of RPDs that function through lever action to help prevent displacement of distal extension bases. The main functions of indirect retainers are to shift the fulcrum line away from lifting forces and stabilize the denture. Factors like the effectiveness of direct retainers, distance from the fulcrum line, and rigidity of connectors impact the effectiveness of indirect retention. Common types of indirect retainers discussed include auxiliary occlusal rests, canine extensions, and continuous bar retainers.
Minor connectors are components that connect parts of a removable partial denture like clasps, retainers, and rests to the major connector or denture base. There are 4 types that connect different components. They distribute forces to prevent excessive stress on any one tooth or ridge area. Minor connectors are usually located in interdental embrasures and have sufficient bulk and rigidity. They come in different designs like latticework, mesh, or beads to securely attach the denture base. Proper form, location, finish lines, and attachment to the major connector are important considerations for minor connectors.
This document discusses removable partial dentures (RPDs). It describes the objectives of prosthodontic treatment, consequences of tooth loss, components and classification of RPDs, principles of design including support, retention and stability, and types of major connectors and retainers. The Kennedy classification system and Applegate's rules for applying it are also summarized.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This document discusses tooth preparation for class II amalgam restorations. It defines a class II restoration as being on the proximal surfaces of premolars and molars. It describes the initial tooth preparation which includes outlining the cavity form and removing undermined enamel. Secondary features are then discussed like axial walls, gingival seats, proximal boxes, and line/point angles. Modifications like reverse curves and dovetails are covered. Finally, it discusses secondary retention forms such as locks, grooves, slots, and pins to improve bonding of the amalgam restoration. Pulp protection with liners or bases is also an important part of the preparation.
The document discusses various types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures. It defines a major connector as the part that joins components on one side of the dental arch to the other. The main types described are the lingual bar, linguoplate, double lingual bar, labial bar, and swing lock design. Each has specific indications, advantages, and disadvantages. For example, the lingual bar is most commonly used but care must be taken with design to avoid weakness, while the linguoplate is indicated when space is limited between the gingiva and floor of the mouth. Factors such as tooth positions, soft tissue contours, and oral hygiene influence the choice of major connector.
This document provides information about indirect retainers used in removable partial dentures (RPDs). It defines indirect retainers as parts of RPDs that function through lever action to help prevent displacement of distal extension bases. The main functions of indirect retainers are to shift the fulcrum line away from lifting forces and stabilize the denture. Factors like the effectiveness of direct retainers, distance from the fulcrum line, and rigidity of connectors impact the effectiveness of indirect retention. Common types of indirect retainers discussed include auxiliary occlusal rests, canine extensions, and continuous bar retainers.
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial DenturesVinay Kadavakolanu
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It summarizes that the all-ceramic crown preparation design requires the highest percentage of tooth structure reduction at 65.26%, while ceramic veneers require the lowest at 30.28%. Proper tooth preparation aims to preserve tooth structure, provide retention and resistance, maintain structural durability and marginal integrity, and preserve the periodontium. The amount and location of tooth reduction impacts these factors.
This document provides definitions and classifications of direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It discusses the basic parts of a clasp assembly including the rest, body, shoulder, retentive arm, and terminal. It covers principles of clasp design including retention, support, stability, encirclement and passivity. Factors affecting retention such as clasp type, flexibility, length, diameter, taper, curvature and material are explained. The location of the retentive terminal in the undercut is also an important factor for retention.
Minor connectors are components that join parts of a removable partial denture like clasps or indirect retainers to the major connector. They transmit functional stresses to abutment teeth and stabilize the denture. Minor connectors should be rigid with sufficient bulk and located in tooth embrasures rather than on convex surfaces. They come in different designs like open construction, mesh construction, or using beads, wires, or nails to improve retention of the denture base to the framework. Proper placement and design of minor connectors are important for the support and retention of removable partial dentures.
1. Major connectors join the component parts of a removable partial denture together and contribute to its support, bracing, retention, and stabilization functions.
2. The most common types of major connectors include palatal straps and plates. Palatal straps are preferred as they are thinner, cover less tissue, and interfere less with speech and comfort.
3. The design of a major connector depends on factors like the locations of edentulous areas, the need for rigidity and indirect retention, and patient comfort. A middle palatal strap is often the most versatile option.
The document discusses different types of pins used in dentistry including cemented pins, friction-locked pins, and self-threading pins. It notes that cemented pins are the largest type and require zinc phosphate or polycarp cement. Friction-locked pins are smaller and rely on dentin resilience for retention, which can decrease over time. Self-threading pins, also called TMS pins, engage dentin threads for the highest retention and are available in different diameters and materials like gold-plated or titanium.
This document provides guidelines for preparing class II inlay restorations. It describes initial procedures like evaluating occlusion and administering anesthesia. It discusses preparing the occlusal outline, proximal box, bevels, and flares. Modifications for specific tooth shapes and situations are covered. Preparation variations like slices and flares are explained. Special considerations for abutment teeth and root surface lesions are also summarized. The document provides a thorough overview of class II inlay preparation techniques.
Steps of Fabrication of Removable Partial DentureRida Tariq
The document outlines the steps involved in fabricating a removable partial denture, which includes both clinical and laboratory steps. The clinical steps include diagnosis, treatment planning, impressions, framework try-in, and denture insertion. The laboratory steps involve model preparation, surveying, framework fabrication, waxing, flasking, curing, and finishing. Key steps include diagnostic impressions to create study models, designing the prosthesis framework, final impressions, packing denture base material into the mold, curing, and inserting the final denture.
This document discusses different methods for soft tissue management and gingival retraction during dental procedures. It covers the use of retraction cords made of 100% cotton to retract gingiva and achieve hemostasis when soaked in a solution. Various sizes of retraction cords are recommended for different areas of the mouth. Hemostatic agents like aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, and ferric sulfate can be used with the cords. Newer retraction cords are designed to eliminate issues like time consumption, patient discomfort, and epithelial attachment damage by maintaining rigidity in the sulcus without needing pressure for application.
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
This document discusses speeds used in operative dentistry. It defines speed as revolutions per minute and classifies speeds as low (<12,000 rpm), medium (12,000-200,000 rpm), or high (>200,000 rpm). Lower speeds provide better tactile sense but slower cutting, while higher speeds cut faster but with less tactile control and increased risk of overheating. Different handpieces and burrs are suited to low, medium, and high speeds. The appropriate speed depends on the procedure and balancing factors like cutting rate, torque, tactile feedback, and heat production.
This document provides information on class II cavity preparation. It begins by defining dental caries and tooth preparation. It then classifies cavities, including class II cavities which involve the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars. The principles of cavity preparation are outlined, including initial cavity preparation to establish form and depth, and final preparation involving removal of infected dentin and pulp protection. Modifications for cavity preparation in primary teeth are also discussed.
This document provides information on dental hand instruments. It discusses the history and development of instruments, materials used, classification systems, instrument parts and nomenclature, design principles like balance and contrangling, and applications of different instrument types like chisels, excavators, and plastic instruments. It also covers sharpening, sterilization, and references related to dental hand instruments.
This document provides an overview of cast partial denture design. It discusses the steps in planning a cast partial denture, components such as direct and indirect retainers, rests, connectors, and Kennedy's classification system. Design considerations are presented for different Kennedy classes for both maxillary and mandibular cast partial dentures, including the use of straps, bars, clasps and rests. The key differences between tooth-supported and tooth-tissue supported cast partial dentures are also summarized.
This document discusses various materials used for fabricating dental dies, including their properties and uses. It covers gypsum products like dental stone (Type III and high-strength Type IV and V stones), electroformed dies using copper or silver plating, epoxy resins, and flexible die materials like polyvinyl and polyurethane. Each material has advantages like detail reproduction, strength and disadvantages like shrinkage, toxicity or incompatibility with some impression materials. Newer ceramic and CAD/CAM die materials are also introduced that are strong and dimensionally stable.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
The document discusses the toxicity and hazards of mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings. It notes that amalgam fillings are 50% mercury and their removal can generate mercury vapors which are inhaled or ingested. It outlines the various ways mercury is released during dental procedures and the toxic effects it can have on the body. The document provides recommendations for dental offices to reduce mercury exposure through improved ventilation, equipment, hygiene practices and waste disposal. It also discusses alternatives to dental amalgam like mercury-free alloys and treatments for mercury toxicity like chelation therapy.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, including its definition, function, anatomical considerations, techniques for recording it, and potential errors. The key points are:
1. The posterior palatal seal provides retention, stability, and prevention of air leakage for maxillary dentures.
2. It is located along the junction of the hard and soft palate and extends from the pterygoid hamulus on either side.
3. Special techniques like using indelible pencil and having the patient say "AH" are used to identify and record the seal area during impression making.
brief description on posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
its uses in dentistry, technique and action. locating PSA nerve is easy and this is the most used nerve block in dentistry.
PPT (FINAL)The principles of RPD design & its components (Year 3) .pptxChu Boon
The document provides information on designing removable partial dentures (RPDs) using a simple 5-step routine. It discusses determining the teeth to be replaced, outlining the saddles, planning support, path of insertion, and use of direct and indirect retainers. Major connectors like palatal bars, straps, and plates are described. Minor connectors connect other parts to the major connector. Direct retainers like circumferential clasps and indirect retainers help prevent displacement. Factors like undercut location and clasp design are considered.
This document discusses the requirements and types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures (RPDs). Major connectors must provide rigidity and strength while avoiding interference with oral structures. Types of maxillary major connectors include U-shaped palatal connectors, posterior palatal straps, single palatal bars, and palatal plates. Mandibular connectors include lingual bars, sublingual bars, linguoplates, continuous bars, and labial/cingulum bars. The appropriate type of major connector depends on factors like the location and extent of missing teeth, the patient's anatomy and preferences, and the need for indirect retention or tooth stabilization.
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial DenturesVinay Kadavakolanu
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It summarizes that the all-ceramic crown preparation design requires the highest percentage of tooth structure reduction at 65.26%, while ceramic veneers require the lowest at 30.28%. Proper tooth preparation aims to preserve tooth structure, provide retention and resistance, maintain structural durability and marginal integrity, and preserve the periodontium. The amount and location of tooth reduction impacts these factors.
This document provides definitions and classifications of direct retainers used in removable partial dentures. It discusses the basic parts of a clasp assembly including the rest, body, shoulder, retentive arm, and terminal. It covers principles of clasp design including retention, support, stability, encirclement and passivity. Factors affecting retention such as clasp type, flexibility, length, diameter, taper, curvature and material are explained. The location of the retentive terminal in the undercut is also an important factor for retention.
Minor connectors are components that join parts of a removable partial denture like clasps or indirect retainers to the major connector. They transmit functional stresses to abutment teeth and stabilize the denture. Minor connectors should be rigid with sufficient bulk and located in tooth embrasures rather than on convex surfaces. They come in different designs like open construction, mesh construction, or using beads, wires, or nails to improve retention of the denture base to the framework. Proper placement and design of minor connectors are important for the support and retention of removable partial dentures.
1. Major connectors join the component parts of a removable partial denture together and contribute to its support, bracing, retention, and stabilization functions.
2. The most common types of major connectors include palatal straps and plates. Palatal straps are preferred as they are thinner, cover less tissue, and interfere less with speech and comfort.
3. The design of a major connector depends on factors like the locations of edentulous areas, the need for rigidity and indirect retention, and patient comfort. A middle palatal strap is often the most versatile option.
The document discusses different types of pins used in dentistry including cemented pins, friction-locked pins, and self-threading pins. It notes that cemented pins are the largest type and require zinc phosphate or polycarp cement. Friction-locked pins are smaller and rely on dentin resilience for retention, which can decrease over time. Self-threading pins, also called TMS pins, engage dentin threads for the highest retention and are available in different diameters and materials like gold-plated or titanium.
This document provides guidelines for preparing class II inlay restorations. It describes initial procedures like evaluating occlusion and administering anesthesia. It discusses preparing the occlusal outline, proximal box, bevels, and flares. Modifications for specific tooth shapes and situations are covered. Preparation variations like slices and flares are explained. Special considerations for abutment teeth and root surface lesions are also summarized. The document provides a thorough overview of class II inlay preparation techniques.
Steps of Fabrication of Removable Partial DentureRida Tariq
The document outlines the steps involved in fabricating a removable partial denture, which includes both clinical and laboratory steps. The clinical steps include diagnosis, treatment planning, impressions, framework try-in, and denture insertion. The laboratory steps involve model preparation, surveying, framework fabrication, waxing, flasking, curing, and finishing. Key steps include diagnostic impressions to create study models, designing the prosthesis framework, final impressions, packing denture base material into the mold, curing, and inserting the final denture.
This document discusses different methods for soft tissue management and gingival retraction during dental procedures. It covers the use of retraction cords made of 100% cotton to retract gingiva and achieve hemostasis when soaked in a solution. Various sizes of retraction cords are recommended for different areas of the mouth. Hemostatic agents like aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, and ferric sulfate can be used with the cords. Newer retraction cords are designed to eliminate issues like time consumption, patient discomfort, and epithelial attachment damage by maintaining rigidity in the sulcus without needing pressure for application.
1. Classification of jaw relations establishes orientation, vertical, and horizontal relations between the jaws. Orientation defines cranial references, vertical defines jaw separation, and horizontal defines front-back and side-to-side jaw positions.
2. Centric relation is a repeatable reference position important for recording jaw relations and developing occlusion. It is the starting point for mandibular movements and where opposing teeth contact without proprioceptive guidance.
3. Methods for recording centric relation include interocclusal records, graphic tracings, and functional methods to position the mandible at the correct vertical dimension. The record must be made with equal pressure and avoid distortion until casts are mounted.
This document discusses speeds used in operative dentistry. It defines speed as revolutions per minute and classifies speeds as low (<12,000 rpm), medium (12,000-200,000 rpm), or high (>200,000 rpm). Lower speeds provide better tactile sense but slower cutting, while higher speeds cut faster but with less tactile control and increased risk of overheating. Different handpieces and burrs are suited to low, medium, and high speeds. The appropriate speed depends on the procedure and balancing factors like cutting rate, torque, tactile feedback, and heat production.
This document provides information on class II cavity preparation. It begins by defining dental caries and tooth preparation. It then classifies cavities, including class II cavities which involve the proximal surfaces of bicuspids and molars. The principles of cavity preparation are outlined, including initial cavity preparation to establish form and depth, and final preparation involving removal of infected dentin and pulp protection. Modifications for cavity preparation in primary teeth are also discussed.
This document provides information on dental hand instruments. It discusses the history and development of instruments, materials used, classification systems, instrument parts and nomenclature, design principles like balance and contrangling, and applications of different instrument types like chisels, excavators, and plastic instruments. It also covers sharpening, sterilization, and references related to dental hand instruments.
This document provides an overview of cast partial denture design. It discusses the steps in planning a cast partial denture, components such as direct and indirect retainers, rests, connectors, and Kennedy's classification system. Design considerations are presented for different Kennedy classes for both maxillary and mandibular cast partial dentures, including the use of straps, bars, clasps and rests. The key differences between tooth-supported and tooth-tissue supported cast partial dentures are also summarized.
This document discusses various materials used for fabricating dental dies, including their properties and uses. It covers gypsum products like dental stone (Type III and high-strength Type IV and V stones), electroformed dies using copper or silver plating, epoxy resins, and flexible die materials like polyvinyl and polyurethane. Each material has advantages like detail reproduction, strength and disadvantages like shrinkage, toxicity or incompatibility with some impression materials. Newer ceramic and CAD/CAM die materials are also introduced that are strong and dimensionally stable.
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
The document discusses the toxicity and hazards of mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings. It notes that amalgam fillings are 50% mercury and their removal can generate mercury vapors which are inhaled or ingested. It outlines the various ways mercury is released during dental procedures and the toxic effects it can have on the body. The document provides recommendations for dental offices to reduce mercury exposure through improved ventilation, equipment, hygiene practices and waste disposal. It also discusses alternatives to dental amalgam like mercury-free alloys and treatments for mercury toxicity like chelation therapy.
This document discusses the posterior palatal seal, including its definition, function, anatomical considerations, techniques for recording it, and potential errors. The key points are:
1. The posterior palatal seal provides retention, stability, and prevention of air leakage for maxillary dentures.
2. It is located along the junction of the hard and soft palate and extends from the pterygoid hamulus on either side.
3. Special techniques like using indelible pencil and having the patient say "AH" are used to identify and record the seal area during impression making.
brief description on posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
its uses in dentistry, technique and action. locating PSA nerve is easy and this is the most used nerve block in dentistry.
PPT (FINAL)The principles of RPD design & its components (Year 3) .pptxChu Boon
The document provides information on designing removable partial dentures (RPDs) using a simple 5-step routine. It discusses determining the teeth to be replaced, outlining the saddles, planning support, path of insertion, and use of direct and indirect retainers. Major connectors like palatal bars, straps, and plates are described. Minor connectors connect other parts to the major connector. Direct retainers like circumferential clasps and indirect retainers help prevent displacement. Factors like undercut location and clasp design are considered.
This document discusses the requirements and types of major connectors used in removable partial dentures (RPDs). Major connectors must provide rigidity and strength while avoiding interference with oral structures. Types of maxillary major connectors include U-shaped palatal connectors, posterior palatal straps, single palatal bars, and palatal plates. Mandibular connectors include lingual bars, sublingual bars, linguoplates, continuous bars, and labial/cingulum bars. The appropriate type of major connector depends on factors like the location and extent of missing teeth, the patient's anatomy and preferences, and the need for indirect retention or tooth stabilization.
MAJOR CONNECTORS AND MINOR CONNECTORS IN RPD - Dr Prathibha PrasadDr Prathibha Prasad
The document discusses different types of major and minor connectors used in removable partial dentures. Major connectors discussed include palatal bar, strap, U-shaped, and plate connectors for maxillary arches and lingual bar, linguoplate, sublingual bar, and double lingual bar connectors for mandibular arches. Key factors in choosing a major connector are the number of teeth being replaced, available space, and need for rigidity or support. Minor connectors help stabilize and retain components on one side of the dental arch to the other.
This document discusses different types of major connectors that can be used in removable partial dentures. It describes the palatal strap, L-bar, horseshoe connector, and complete palatal plate. The palatal strap provides rigidity with minimal metal and enhances retention. The L-bar offers maximum rigidity with minimal bulk. The horseshoe connector is an alternative for patients with palatal tori who want to avoid complete palatal coverage. The complete palatal plate provides the best rigidity and support but can cause soft tissue reactions. The document also notes indications, advantages, and disadvantages for each type of major connector.
A major connector joins the components on one side of the arch with those on the opposite side. Therefore, all components are attached to the associated major connector either directly or indirectly.
Major connector removable partial dentureNITIKBAISOYA
The major connectors connect the parts of a partial denture on one side of the arch to the other. They must be rigid to avoid bone and tissue damage. For a maxillary connector, the borders should be at least 6mm from the gingiva and cross the palate at a right angle. Common types of maxillary connectors include the single posterior palatal bar, palatal strap, and anterior-posterior palatal bar. The lingual bar is generally the preferred mandibular connector if space allows, requiring at least 8mm from the gingiva to the floor of the mouth. Relief is needed between mandibular connectors and tissues.
Maxillary major connectors are an important component of removable partial dentures that join the denture bases on each side of the dental arch. There are several types of maxillary major connectors including single palatal straps, combination anterior and posterior palatal straps, palatal plates, U-shaped connectors, single palatal bars, and anterior-posterior palatal bars. The ideal major connector is rigid, protects soft tissues, provides indirect retention, promotes patient comfort, and is self-cleansing. Proper design of the major connector involves outlining the denture base areas, non-bearing tissues, and connector areas on the diagnostic cast.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses major connectors for removable partial dentures. It describes how major connectors connect different parts of the denture framework and transmit forces. In the maxilla, common major connector designs include mid-palatal straps, anterior palatal straps, and palatal plates. In the mandible, lingual bars are most often used unless there is insufficient space between the gingiva and floor of the mouth. Major connectors must provide rigidity while avoiding irritation of tissues.
The document discusses major connectors for removable partial dentures. It defines major connectors as the "skeleton" that connects different parts of the denture and distributes forces. In the maxilla, major connectors can take different forms depending on the Kennedy classification, including palatal bars, straps, and plates of varying widths. Proper design of major connectors is important for providing rigidity and stability while avoiding irritation of tissues. Bead lines may also be used in maxillary dentures to strengthen borders and provide retention.
Raju major n minor connectors/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides information on removable partial dentures (RPDs), including their basic concepts, Kennedy classification, Applegate's rules, lever systems, major and minor connectors, rests and rest seats, direct and indirect retainers, clasp design, rotational path RPDs, and the altered cast impression technique. Key points include the three types of possible movements of an RPD, requirements for direct retainers/clasps, design of major connectors, and sequencing of mouth preparations for RPDs.
Major maxillary connectors are components of partial dentures that connect parts of the prosthesis on one side of the dental arch to the other. There are six basic types of major maxillary connectors: single palatal bar, single palatal strap, U-shaped palatal connector, anterior-posterior palatal bar, combination anterior and posterior palatal strap-type connector, and palatal plate-type connector. Each type has specific indications for use and contraindications depending on the dental situation and needs of the patient.
QUICK REVIEW OF PROSTHODONTICS – TNMGRMU SOLVED B.D.S FINAL YEAR QUESTION PA...Arun Kumar
This document contains solved question papers from 2012-2015 for the BDS final year prosthodontics exam at TNMGRMU. It includes long notes and short notes questions from each exam, covering topics like principles of tooth preparation, mouth preparation for complete dentures, types of finish lines, bar clasps, posterior palatal seals, obturators, balanced occlusion, and denture stomatitis. The long notes provide detailed explanations of the topics, while the short notes give concise overviews in bullet point form.
The document discusses major connectors for removable partial dentures. Major connectors join components on one side of the dental arch to the other, providing support and retention. For maxillary arches, common connectors include palatal straps, bars, and complete palates. For mandibular arches, lingual bars are most common but lingual plates can also be used. Proper design of the connector depends on factors like remaining teeth, jaw anatomy, and required rigidity.
A precise and summarized presentation on Mandibular Major Connector's with vivid pictures and sketches.
This includes various contents like what different types of connectors are explained precisely with their characteristics and location, blocking and relief & how they look like on casts.
Hope this presentation helps you understand the concept
by Dr. Ishaan Adhaulia
Fixed appliances are devices that are permanently bonded or cemented to teeth to facilitate precise tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. They have advantages over removable appliances like better control of tooth movement and less reliance on patient compliance. However, they also have disadvantages like compromising oral hygiene and being more expensive and less aesthetic. Common components of fixed appliances include brackets, bands, archwires, elastics, and springs which apply controlled forces to move teeth into the desired positions.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
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2. A removable partial denture will have some of
the following components:
I-Major connector
2-Minor connector
3-Rests
4-Direct retainers (clasps)
5-Indirect retainers
6- One or more denture bases and replacement
teeth
3. I- MAJOR CONNECTORS
The major connector connects the parts of the
prosthesis located on one side of the arch
with those on the opposite side. All other
parts of the partial denture are attached to it
either directly or indirectly.
4. Requirements of major connectors
1- Must be rigid to transmit stresses of mastication from one side of the
arch to the other.
2- Must be properly located in relation to gingival and movable soft
tissues.
3-must not impinge on the gingival margin.
4-provide an opportunity of positioning denture bases were needed
5-maintain patients comfort by covering little tissues, avoid . food trap and
avoid bony and soft tissue prominence during insertion and removal
5. MAXILLARY MAJOR
CONNECTORS
Design specifications:
I-The borders are placed a minimum of 6 mm from gingival
margins or are positioned on the lingual surfaces of the
teeth .
2-Reliefis normally not required under the major connector.
3- The posterior palatal bar or strap should be located as
far posteriorly as possible without contacting the movable
soft palate.
4-All borders should taper slightly towards the soft tissue.
5-Both anterior and posterior borders should cross the midline
at right angles, never diagonally .
6- The thickness of the metal should be uniform throughout
the palate.
6. 7-The finished borders of the metal should be
gently curved, never angular .
8- The metal should be smooth but not highly
polished on the tissue side. ( to avoid delete
fine details )
9-All borders on the soft tissue should be
beaded with the bead fading out near the
gingival margin of the teeth.
7.
8. TYPES OF MAXILLARY MAJOR
CONNECTORS
The term bar is used whenever the
anteroposterior width of the major
connector is less than 8 mm. If the
anteroposterior width of the major
connector is in the 8 to 12 mm range the
term strap is applied. When more than 12
mm is covered the term palatal plate is
used. If the entire palate is covered, the term
complete palatal plate is used.
9. The following types of maxillary major
connectors are used:
1-single palatal bar
2-anteroposterior, or double, palatal bar.
3-single palatal strap.
4-horseshoe, or U-shaped connector
5-closed horseshoe or anteroposterior palatal
strap.
6-complete palatal plate
10. 1- SINGLE PALATAL BAR
Indications:
In tooth- borne partial denture when second premolars and or first molars are
missing.
Design:
I -It is a narrow half oval with its thickest point at the center.
2-It is gently curved and should not form a sharp angle at the junction with the
denture base .
3-It should not be placed further anterior to the second premolar. This position is
favorable for the tongue action.
Disadvantages:
l-For a single bar to maintain any degree of rigidity it should be bulky (less
acceptable by the patient).
2-It drives little support from the bony palate because its narrow anteroposterior
width.
3- Its use is limited to replace one ore two teeth on each side of the arc.
11.
12. II-ANTEROPOSTERIOR
PALATAL BAR
Indications:
1 -It can be used in any class specially when the anterior and
posterior abutments are widely separated.
2-When a patient objects a large amount of palatal coverage.
3- In patients with large palatal torus.
Design:
1-The anterior bar is flat but narrower than the palatal strap.
2-The posterior bar is half oval similar to the single bar but
less bulky.
3- The two bars are joined by flat longitudinal bars on each
side palate
13. Advantages:
1-It is rigid because it lies at different planes.
2-It offers little tissue coverage.
Disadvantages:
The anteroposterior bars should not be considered as
the first choice because of the following
disadvantages:
1-Provides little support from the palate.
2- The anterior bar covers the rugae area and may
interfere with phonetics and patient's comfort.
3-Because the bars are narrow, extra bulk is required
for rigidity.
14.
15. III- SINGLE PALATAL STRAP
Indications:
1- In most maxillary tooth borne partial dentures when posterior teeth are missing.
2- In tooth-mucosa borne partial dentures when the extension base is short.
Design:
I-It consists of a wide, thin band of metal that crosses the palate. Its anterior border
should be posterior to the rugae area and the posterior border should terminate
short of the junction of the hard and soft palate.
2-Anteroposterior width is within the 8- I 2mm range.
Advantages:
1- Rigid because it is wide and located in different planes.
2- It increases patient comfort because it is thin.
3-It provides support to the partial denture since it covers a relatively large area of
the palate.
Disadvantages:
The patient may complaint from excessive palatal coverage.
16.
17. IV- HORSESHOE OR U-SHAPED
CONNECTOR
Indication:
1-When several anterior teeth are being
replaced.
2-In tooth-borne partial dentures with anterior
and posterior teeth are missing.
3-When a hard midline suture or palatal torus
cannot be covered.
18. Design:
I-It consists of U-shaped thin band of metal of 6-8 mm In width .
2-The borders must be either 6mm away from the gingival margin or
extend onto the lingual surfaces of the teeth.
3-The connector should be uniform in thickness, symmetric, and with
curved and smooth borders
Advantages:
1- It solves the problem of missing anterior teeth especially when there is
deep anterior vertical overlap
2- It offers a definite advantage in the presence of hard median suture or
large torus.
Disadvantages:
I-Tends to be less rigid than other connectors as a buccolingual movement
may occur in the posterior area.
2-It covers the rugae area and interferes with phonetics and patient's
comfort.
19.
20. V- ANTEROPOSTERIOR
PALATAL STRAP (CLOSED
HORSESHOE)
Indications:
1- In tooth borne, and mucosa borne partial
dentures when replacement of anterior and
posterior teeth is required.
2- When a palatal torus exists.
21. Design:
1- The anterior strap should be positioned as back as
possible on the rugae area
2- The posterior strap should be placed as far back
as possible on the hard palate.
3-The borders of the connector should be placed 6
mm away from the gingival margins or should
extend above the height of contour of the teeth
Advantages:
I-It is rigid because it lies at to different planes.
2-lt provide good support to the partial denture.
Disadvantages:
May be not accepted by some patients due to
multiple borders and coverage to the rugae area
22.
23. VI-THE COMPLETE PALATAL
PLATE
Indications:
1-In long span bilateral tooth-mucosa borne partial denture
with and without anterior teeth replacement.
2-Should be used whenever maximum tissue support is
desired.
3-ln patients with palatal defects.
4-Maximum palatal coverage should be considered in the
presence of poor residual ridge, periodontal disease,
increased muscular force and poor bone indices.
5-In transitional partial denture.
24. Design:
1-The anterior border should be 6 mm away
from the gingival margin.
2-Posterior borders are extended to the
junction of movable and immovable soft
palate.
3-The posterior border is beaded to prevent
debris from collecting beneath the plate.
25. Advantages:
1-It offers maximum rigidity support and
retention to the partial denture.
2-It is made in a uniform thin metal plate,
which reproduce anatomic contour of the
palate and feel natural to the patient.
Disadvantages:
1-Often cannot be used in the presence of a
palatal torus.
2-Complete palatal coverage may alter taste
and tactile sensation.
26. Types of palatal plates
I-Complete cast metal plate covering the
entire palate. It may not be relined easily
2-Complete resin-plate, which can be relined
or rebased
3-Combination of anterior metal with
posterior resin area. The resin area may be
relined or rebased
27.
28. MANDIBULAR MAJOR
CONNECTORS
Design specifications:
1-The superior borders are placed at least 3 mm from the
gingival margins. Where a 3mm distance from the gingival
margins cannot be obtained the metal should extend onto
the cingula of anterior teeth or onto the lingual surfaces of
the posterior teeth.
2- The inferior border should not interfere with the soft tissue
movement of the floor of the mouth.
3-Relief of the tissue surface of the major connector is
required to prevent tissue impingement at rest or during
function.
4-The metal should be highly polished on the tissue side to
minimize plaque accumulation,
29.
30. TYPES OF MANDIBULAR
MAJOR CONNECTORS
1-Lingual bar.
II-Sublingual bar.
III- Double lingual bar.
IV- Lingual plate.
V-Labial bar.
31. I-Lingual bar
Indication:
It is the first choice major connector, should be used whenever the
functional depth of the lingual vestibule equal or exceed 8 mm.
Design:
l-The bar should be half pear-shaped in cross section. Superior inferior
dimension is 5 mm, and it is 2 mm in thickness.
2- The superior border of the bar should be located at least 3 mm from the
gingival margins of all adjacent teeth.
3- The Inferior border may be placed at the functional depth of the lingual
vestibule.
4-Relief of the tissue surface of the bar major connector is necessary.
32. Advanlages:
1- The simplest mandibular major connector
with highest patient acceptance.
2-lt does not cover the teeth or the gingival
tissues.
Disadvantages:
If it is not properly designed it may not be
rigid
33.
34. II-Sublingual bar
Indications:
When the lingual bar cannot be used because of a lack of functional depth
of the lingual vestibule (depth of 5-7 mm).
Design:
1-The sublingual bar is essentially a lingual bar rotated 45 degrees .
2- The superior border of the bar should be located at least 3 mm from the
gingival margins of all adjacent teeth.
Advantages:
1- It does not covers the teeth or tissues.
2-More rigid than a lingual bar in the horizontal plane.
Disadvantages:
A functional impression of the vestibule is required to accurately register
the position and contour of the vestibule.
35.
36. III-The double lingual bar
Indications:
1- When indirect retention is required.
2- When periodontally affected teeth that require splinting are present.
Design:
1 -It is made of two bars; cingulum bar (Kennedy bar) and the conventional lingual bar. A
rigid minor connector at the embrasure between the canine and first premolars joins the
two bars. Rests are placed at each end of the upper bar attached to the minor connector
2- The lower bar has the same design as a single lingual bar
3- The upper bar is scalloped, and half-oval in cross section (2-3 mm high, and 1 mm thick
at its greatest diameter).
Advantages:
1-Provides indirect retention.
2-Contributes to horizontal stabilization .
3-No gingival margin coverage.
Disadvantages:
I-Tongue annoyance.
2-Food impaction if the upper bar is not in intimate contact with the teeth
37.
38.
39. IV-Lingual plate
Indications:
1-When the functional depth of the lingual vestibule
(less than 5 mm) is not enough for bar placement,
2-When future loss of natural teeth is anticipated to
facilitate addition of artificial teeth to the partial
denture.
3- when splinting of anterior teeth is required.
4- When lingual tori are present.
40. Design:
1-It consists of a pear shaped lingual bar with a thin
metal extending upward from the superior border
of the bar onto the lingual surfaces of the teeth
above the cingula and survey lines
2-ln extension base partial denture the lingual plates
should have a rest on each side to prevent labial
movement of the teeth.
3- There should be adequate blockout and relief of
the soft tissue undercuts, undercuts in the proximal
areas of the teeth, the free gingival margins and
the pear shaped bar.
41. Advantages:
1-The most rigid mandibular major connector.
2- It gives indirect retention to the partial denture.
3-Deflect food from impacting on lingual tissues.
4-Provide resistance against horizontal or lateral
forces.
5- Permits the replacement of lost tooth without
remaking the partial denture.
6-Help in splinting and prevent super-eruption of the
anterior teeth.
Disadvantages:
Covers more tooth and gingival tissues than other
mandibular major connectors.
42.
43.
44.
45. V-Labial bar
Indications:
1- When the mandibular teeth are so severely inclined lingually as to prevent the use of
lingual major connector.
2- When large lingual tori exist and their removal is containdicated.
Design:
1- It is a half pear shaped bar, runs across the mucosa labial to the anterior teeth .
2-Labial vestibule should be adequate to allow the superior border to be place at leas 3mm
below the free gingival margins.
3-Reliefis required beneath the bar.
Advantages:
It solves the problem of severely inclined teeth and avoids surgical intervention to remove a
large torus.
Disadvantages:
1-It tends to lack rigidity since it is considerably longer than a lingual bar.
2- The least comfortable mandibular major connector.
46.
47.
48. MINOR CONNECTORS
Definition:
A minor connector is a rigid component that
links the major connector or base and other
components of the partial denture such as
rests, indirect retainers and clasps.
49. Functions:
1- Transmit forces to the abutment teeth.
2-Transfer the effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing
components to the rest of the denture.
Design specifications:
1-Should have sufficient thickness for rigidity.
2-Should exhibit minimal gingival coverage; the lingual
minor connector should cross the gingival margins directly,
joining the major connector at rounded right angle,
3-Slight relief is required when crossing the gingival margin
especially in tooth-mucosa borne dentures.
4-Should be highly polished to minimize plaque
accumulation.
5-Should be located at least 5mm from other vertical
components