This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
This presentation specifically deals with the maxillary and mandibular Major connectors used in a cast partial denture. it also mentions the uses, advantages and disadvantages of each,
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
A major connector joins the components on one side of the arch with those on the opposite side. Therefore, all components are attached to the associated major connector either directly or indirectly.
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A precise and summarized presentation on Mandibular Major Connector's with vivid pictures and sketches.
This includes various contents like what different types of connectors are explained precisely with their characteristics and location, blocking and relief & how they look like on casts.
Hope this presentation helps you understand the concept
by Dr. Ishaan Adhaulia
Prosthodontics seminar 3rd stage University of Anbar College Of Dentistry
Created By Mohammed Amer Hekma
Supervised by: Dr Osama Abdul Rasool Hammoodi
References
• FUNDAMENTALS OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTIC DESIGN by Kenneth R. McHenry, D.D.S., M.S and Terrence McLean, D.D.S.
• Stewart's Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Fourth Edition by Rodney D Phoenix, D.D.S, M.S, David R Cagna, D.M.D, M.S and Charles F DeFreest, D.D.S
• McCRACKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS, TWELFTH EDITION BY Alan B. Carr, D.M.D, M.S, and David T. Brown, DDS, MS
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. A component of partial denture that connects
parts of partial removable prosthesis at one side
of arch with those on opposite side.
It’s a unit to which all other parts are attached
directly or indirectly.
3. Unification :
* partial denture acts as
one unit
* connects various parts
Stress distribution :
distributes functional
loads to both teeth &
mucosa
4. Cross arch stabilization(counterleverage)
bracing elements on one side of the arch
providing stability to the other .
5. Rigidity :
- chrome-cobalt > gold
alloys; cast > wrought
- 1/2 round > 1/2 pear
shaped > flat bars
* to increase rigidity :
- Increase the bulk as the
length increases
- corrugate linguoplate or
rugae areas
6. Non Interference with soft tissues :
- should not enter undercut areas
* avoid by changing path of insertion
* by using block out
7. - avoid terminating on free gingival margin
* borders of maxillary connector should be
placed a minimum of 6 mm away from and
parallel to the gingival margins.
* border of mandibular connector should be
located a minimum of 4 mm below the gingival
margin.
8. - avoid terminating on hard structures such as
the mid palatal suture or mandibular tori.
- avoid terminating on lingual frenum & the
movable soft palate.
9. Minimize food impaction.
Unobtrusive :
- line angles and edges should be smooth and
rounded
- borders should not interfere with speech
10. Bar shaped :
It is long, narrow, and thick.
In cross section bars are ½ round, ½ oval or ½
pear in shape.
The thickness of a bar should be at least 6
gauge (4.11 mm) at its greatest dimension.
The minimum width of a bar is 4 mm, but they
must usually be wider than this for adequate
rigidity.
11. Strap ( plate shaped ) :
It is long, wide and thin.
The width of a strap or plate varies from 6 -8
mm to the entire length of the
palate.
The thickest portion of straps or plates is 22 -24
gauge (0.64-0.51 mm).
12. Lingual Bar
Lingual Plate
Sublingual bar
Lingual bar with cingulum bar (continuous bar)
Labial bar
Swing lock design
14. Most common in mandible (use whenever
possible).
Shape:
flat on tissue side, convex or tear-drop on
tongue side (1/2 pear shape, with thin edge
toward teeth).
Size :
occluso-gingival width 4 to 6 mm, thickness l.5
to 2 mm.
15. Position:
located above moving tissue but as far below
the gingival tissue as possible (3-4 mm or more
below FGM).
* Patient lifts tongue activates floor of mouth :
measure from tip of probe to free gingival
margin or make impression with lifted tongue &
measure on cast.
* Eliminates impingement wax spacer (relief)
placed under major connector.
16. Indication :
the lingual bar should be used for mandibular
RPD where sufficient space exists between the
slightly elevated alveolar lingual sulcus and the
lingual gingival tissue (more than 8 mm).
Contraindications :
• remaining natural anterior teeth severely
tilted lingually
• interfering lingual tori
• high attachment of lingual frenum
• interference with elevation of the floor of the
mouth during functional movements (< 8 mm)
18. Lingual bar with extension over cingulum of
anterior teeth (used where a lingual bar cannot
be used).
Inferior border at the ascertained height of the
alveolar lingual sulcus when the patient's
tongue is slightly elevated.
Rest at each end of lingual plate.
It prevents forces being directed facially.
Easier denture tooth addition than bar.
19. Indications :
high floor of the mouth(< 8 mm)
prominent lingual frenum
lingual tori
the residual ridges in Class I arch have
undergone such vertical resorbtion that they will
offer only minimal resistance to horizontal
rotations of the denture through its bases.
for using periodontally weakened teeth to
furnish support to prosthesis and to help
resist horizontal rotation of the distal extension
type of denture (act as periodontal splint).
20. Mandibular Lingual Bar with Continuous
Bar (Cingulum Bar)
(Kennedy Bar, Double Lingual Bar)
Lingual bar with secondary bar on cingula of
anterior teeth.
Secondary bar acts as indirect retainer.
21. Indications :
When a linguoplates otherwise indicated but the
axial alignment of anterior teeth is such that
excessive block out of interproximal undercuts
would be required.
When wide diastema exists between
mandibular anterior teeth and a linguoplate
would objectionably display metal in a frontal
view.
22. Whenever it is necessary for the palatal
connector to make contact with the teeth for
support, definite tooth supported by definite rest
seats should be provided.
Terminate 6.0 mm or more from free gingival
margin when possible.
23. Anterior-Posterior Palatal Strap
Palatal plate-type connector
Single palatal strap
U-shaped palatal connector (Anterior Palatal
Strap)
Single palatal bar
Anterior-posterior palatal bar
25. maximum rigidity - minimum bulk
used in most cases - especially torus palatinus.
Indications :
Class I and II arches in which excellent
abutment and residual ridge support exists,
and direct retention can be made adequate
without the need for indirect retention.
26. Long edentulous spans in Class II, modification
1 arches.
Class IV arches.
Inoperable palatal tori that do not extend
posteriorly to the junction of the hard and soft
palates.
Contraindication :
when there is an inoperable maxillary torus that
extends posteriorly to the soft palate.
28. A narrow (A-P) variation of anterior-posterior
palatal strap double palatal bar connector,
requires greater bulk for rigidity.
More objectionable to the patient.
Strap connectors provide greater distribution of
stresses.
30. Covers one half or more of the hard palate
Maximum tissue support
Connector of choice in long distal extension
cases
Six or less anterior teeth remain
Greater stability and stress distribution
Not used with torus
Increases retention
31. Connector should :
be fabricated of uniformly thin metal
have accurate anatomic reproduction of the
rugae
improves strength and rigidity
cover same area as complete denture
posteriorly
have large surface area of mucosal contact
improves potential for retention
32. Forms :
A cast plate between two or more edentulous
areas.
A complete or partial cast plate that extends
posteriorly to the junction of the hard and soft
palate.
An anterior palatal connector with a provision
for extending an acrylic resin denture base
posteriorly.
33. Indications :
Abutments are periodontally involved
Maximum stress distribution is needed
Flabby tissue
Shallow palatal vault
35. usually use for Class III & IV cases.
should be 8mm wide or approximately as wide
as the combined width of a maxillary premolar
and first molar.
confined within an area bounded by the four
principal rests.
never use in cases involving distal extensions
since it must be made bulky for rigidity.
relief may be required over bony midline.
not used with torus.
36. Palatal Bar :
narrow anterio-posteriorly.
thick occluso-gingivally.
palatal bar objectionable due to bulk.
38. poor connector
never use unless absolutely necessary
requires bulk in the rugae area (where the
tongue requires freedom) for rigidity
too flexible
39. allows movement at the posterior
traumatic to the residual ridge
use only where torus prohibits other connector
& extends to the posterior limit of the hard
palate
40. Chapter 5 Major and Minor Connectors,
McCracken's Removable Partial
Prosthodontics, 11th edition.