This document defines and explains the importance of key computer hardware components including the microprocessor, RAM, ROM, buses, CMOS battery, power supply, ports, expansion slots, cache memory, switches, jumpers, and bridges. The microprocessor contains all the functions of a computer's central processing unit. RAM allows random access of memory locations for storing and retrieving data. ROM stores standard programs supplied by manufacturers. Buses transfer data and addresses between internal components. The CMOS battery stores system information like the time and date.

1. Submitted by: Submitted To:
Name :Raman Aryal Mr. Subas Poudel
Class :9 “A” Computer Teacher
Roll no: 2
School : Laboratory Higher
Secondary School

3.  Microprocessor
 RAM
 ROM
 Buses
 CMOS Battery
 Power supply
 Ports
 Expansion Slots
 Cache Memory
 Switches
 Jumpers
 Bridges

4. Microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains all
the functions of a central processing unit of a computer.
Importance:
 Microprocessor is normally capable
of many functions, such as word
processing, calculation, and
communication via internet or
telephone. Microprocessor

5. RAM allows data items to be read or written in almost the
same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of
data inside the memory.
Importance
 RAM is possible to randomly select,
use any location of the memory
directly store and retrieve data.
RAM

6. ROM is a type of non-volatile memory which is used to store
data in the computer and other electronic devices.
Importance:
 It stores standard processing
programs supplied by the
manufactures to operate
the personal computer.
ROM

7. A bus is a group of wires on the main circuit board of the
computer and also a pathway for data flowing between
components.
Importance:
 It is used for transferring data and
addresses amongst the internal
components of the computer.
Buses

8. CMOS is an on-board, battery powered semiconductor chip
inside computers that stores information which is also
referred as Real-Time Clock (RTC).
Importance:
 It is used for the system timing
and date to system hardware
settings for the computer.
CMOS Battery

9. A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric
energy to an electrical load.
Importance
 It is used to convert one form of
electrical energy to another and
supplies power to the computer.
Power Supply

10. A port is a connector, generally found on the back of the
computer, that allows a user to connect devices to the
computer.
Importance
 It is used for connecting hardwares
and other devices to the computer.
Ports

11. An expansion slot is connection or port located inside a
computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows a
computer hardware expansion card to be connected.
Importance:
 It is used for attaching expansion
cards, that add various capabilities
to the computer.
Expansion Slots

12. Cache Memory, also called CPU memory, is Random
Access Memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can
access more quickly than it can access regular RAM.
Importance:
 It is used to decrease the
mismatch in operating speed.
Cache Memory

13. Switches are the computer networking device that connects
devices together on a computer network, by using packet
switching to receive, process and forward data to the
destination device.
Importance:
 It connects devices together on
computer network.
Switches

14. Jumper is a short length of conductor used to close, open or
bypass part of an electronic circuit.
Importance:
 It used to configure the settings for
computer peripherals such as the
motherboard, hard drives, modems,
sound cards, and other components.
Jumpers

15. A network bridge is a computer networking device that
creates a single aggregate network from multiple
communication networks or network segments.
Importance:
 It allows multiple different networks
to communicate independently
while remaining separate.
Bridges