This document summarizes and compares the reproductive systems of cows and mares. It outlines the key organs - ovaries, oviducts, cervix, and vulva - in both species. Some key differences noted are that cows have polyestrous cycles lasting 19-21 days while mares have seasonal monoestrous cycles of 21-24 days. Gestation is longer in mares at 11 months compared to 9 months in cows. The document also briefly discusses structural abnormalities like freemartins in cattle and conditions causing sterility in mares. Artificial insemination procedures are outlined at a high level.

1. Reproductive system of Cow
and Mare
DR. BILAL ANWAR
University of veterinary and animal sciences , PAKISTAN

2. Reproductive system
• The reproductive system or genital system is a system of
sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose
of sexual reproduction.

3. Anatomical differ

5. Female tract of Cattle.

6. Female tract of Mare

7. General sequence of organs in rep. system
• Ovary - the ovary is comparable to the male testicle and is the site of
gamete production.
• A bovine animal has 20,000 potential eggs per ovary, while a human female has
400,000 potential eggs per ovary.
The ovaries have three major functions:
• Gamete production
• Secrete estrogen (hormone)
• Form the corpus luteum

8. MARE
• The ovary is a bean shaped organ which
varies in size with season.
• The ovaries and follicles of the mare are
the largest in the farm animal species .
• [2-3 inches (6-8 cm) in length, 1-1.5
inches (3-4 cm) in height, 70-80 gm]

10. COW
• The ovaries are oval-shaped
structures, 1 to 4 cm long and 1
to 3 cm in diameter; their size
depends on the stage of the
reproductive cycle.

11. Oviduct (fallopian tube)
• Parts
• Infundibulum
• Ampullae
• isthmus

13. Cervix (cow)
• 3-5 annular folds.

15. Vulva

17. Mare & cow differences ………
DIFFERENCES COW MARE
Estrus frequency Poly estrus Seasonal monoestrus
Length of estrus cycle 19 - 21 days 21 - 24 day
Estrous period length 12 - 18 hours 90 - 170 hours
Gestation lenght 9 mnth 11 mnth
cervix 3-5 ring Folds present

18. Structural abnormalities in cattle
• Freemartin calf
• If male and female are twins
• Female calf is sterile.
• Overies not develop
• Bull like appearences
• Test tube pass to check female
• 90% female sterile

19. Freemartin heifer rep tract.

21. Mares (x chromosome missing)
• Cause complete sterility

22. Artificial insemination

23. Hold the cervix

24. Pass the rod from rings

25. Inject semen dose

26. thanks