This document discusses semen evaluation in animals. It defines semen as the liquid containing sperm and seminal plasma ejected from the male reproductive tract. Regular examination of semen is important for assessing breeding soundness, infertility, artificial insemination, and parasitic diseases. The document outlines the microscopic and macroscopic parameters examined during semen evaluation, including volume, color, motility, sperm concentration, and the presence of abnormalities. Normal semen values are provided for various species.

1. Name: Nasrin Akter Mukta
Faculty of Veterinary Science
Bangladesh Agricultural University

2.  What is semen?
 Why it is necessary to examine semen?
 Semen evaluation.

3.  Semen is the liquid cellular suspension
containing spermatozoa and seminal plasma.
Why it is necessary to examine
semen?
1.For examination of breeding soundness,
infertility, artificial insemination and parasitic
diseases.
2.Semen quality of the first ejaculate after a long
period of sexual rest may have a lowered motility
and an increased number of dead spermatozoa.

4. Macroscopic Examination
1. Volume
2. Color
3. Consistency/density
4. Presence of foreign material
5. Gross motility

5. Microscopic Examination
1. Mass activity
2. Individual motility
3. Concentration estimation
4. Live and dead sperm estimation
5. Abnormal sperm estimation

6. Normal volume of semen in different animals-
1. Bull: 2-10ml (4)
2. Stallion: 30-250ml (70)
3. Ram/Buck: .5-1.5ml (1)
4. Boar: 150-500ml (250)
5. Dog: 1-25ml (10)
6. Cat: .01-.12ml (.04)

8. Colour Abnormal due to
1.Brownish------------ Orchitis
2.Dark red to pink----- Hemorrhage in male
reproductive tract
3.Yellow green-------- pus formation,
infection
4.Light brown---------- Contamination with
dung
5.Yellow-------------- Presence of urine
6.Curdy appearance----- Infection

9. Grade:
Thick creamy------------- Excellent
Thin creamy-------------- Very good
Thick milky---------------- Good
Thin milky----------------- Fair
Watery------------------ Extremely poor

10.  From animals- dung, pus , urine, hair, dust
 From environment- sand, bedding
materials, insects
 From AV- water, lubricant jelly, dust,
powder

11. Percentage of spermatozoa moving
progressively forward over the field in the
microscope at 20-40X under the coverslip.
Good semen------------60% motility
Excellent semen--------- 80%motility

12. .

14. Subjective estimation and graded as:
+ =no mass activity
++ =slow wave motion
+++ =rapid wave motion with formation of
eddies at the end of waves
++++ =distinct eddies

15. 1.Haemocytometer technique: Semen is diluted
with water=1:100 to1:400 depending on the
species.
2.Photometric technique: Semen is diluted
with NaCL=1:100 to 1:400 depending on the
species.
3.Karrus scale technique: Semen is diluted
with normal saline=1ml in 9ml saline.