This document discusses communication. It defines communication as the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver so that the message is understood. It notes that communication is a process that requires a sender, message, medium, and receiver. The document outlines the key elements and process of communication, including encoding a message, transmitting it through a channel, decoding it, and providing feedback. It also discusses characteristics of communication like it being a process involving transmission and understanding, and purposes of communication like providing information or influencing others. Barriers to effective communication are also mentioned.

1. COMMUNICATION Dr J Balamurugan

2. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
The word “Communication” is originally derived from the
Latin verb “Communicare” which means “to make
common”.
It is also believed to have been based on Latin word,
“Communis” which means to share, to impart a piece of
information, a message, an idea or concept.
It is a process, which includes transmission of
information, ideas, emotions, skills, knowledge by using
symbols, words, pictures, graphs, drawings, illustrations
etc.

3. INTRODUCTION OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication is one of the most general and basic
features of life.
We cannot imagine life without it.
Every living species have their own way of
communication.
We use different symbols, gestures, and other different
means to communicate with other.
It is the meaningful exchange of information between
two or more participants.

4. CONTI..
Communication requires a sender, a message, a medium
and a receiver.
Although, the receiver does not have to be present or aware
of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of
communication.
But, the communication process is complete once the
receiver understands the sender's message.
The communication can occur across vast distances in time
and space.

5. DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
“An exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or
more persons”. – Newman and Summer
“The transfer of information from the sender to the receiver
with the information being understood by both the sender and
the receiver”. – Koontz and O’Donnell.
“The process of conveying message (facts, ideas, attitudes and
opinions) from one person to another so that they are
understood”. – Commin
“As the process by which people attempt to share meaning in
the transmission of symbolic message”. – James A.F. Stoner
and Charles Wankel

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process
Proper understanding of the message
Communication can be written, verbal or an attitude or an
emotion or a symbol
Communication may be a transmission of facts, figures or
feelings
Communication has at least two parties, one who sends
and the other who receives

7. PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION
•For instruction
•For integration
•For information
•For evaluation
•For direction
•For teaching
•For influencing
•For image building, etc.

8. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. A source/encoder / sender of communication, which/who sends
2. A message
3. Through a channel to
4. A receiver/decoder, which
5. Responds via feedback with
6. Possibilities of communication breakdowns (Barrier) in each stage
of communication.
7. However, these elements must be understood and analyzed in
relation to the situation or context, and
8. The system (such as relationship), which is created and maintained
at some level by communicators.

9. COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Communication is a process involving a sender who sends
a message, a channel through which a message is
transmitted to the receiver.
The communication process involves a number of steps
which are;
Sender or source
Encoding
Contents or message
Channel
Decoding
Receiver
feedback

10. THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 Communication consists of two phases:
1. Transmission phase: information is shared by 2 or more
people.
2. Feedback phase: a common understanding is assured.
 Starts with the Sender who wants to share
information.
 Sender must decide on a message to share
 Sender also puts the message into symbols or language, a
process called encoding.

11. THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 Messages are transmitted over a medium to a
receiver.
 Medium: pathway the message is transmitted on (phone, letter).
 Receiver: person getting the message.
 Receiver next decodes the message.
 Decoding allows the receiver to understand the message.
 This is a critical point, can lead to misunderstanding.
 Feedback is started by receiver and states that
the message is understood or that it must be re-
sent.

12. THE COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
Message Encoding Medium Decoding
Decoding Medium Encoding Message
Receiver
(now sender)
Sender
Transmission Phase
Feedback Phase
NOISE

13. COMMUNICATION PROCESS

14. COMMUNICATION PROCESS

15. COMMUNICATION PROCESS

16. COMMUNICATION SKILL: ENCODING AND
DECODING SKILL
Sender
Encoding skill: writing (Ex: writers) and speaking (Ex:
teachers) ability and reasoning.
Receiver
Decoding skill: Reading (Ex: students) and listening
(Ex: students) ability and reasoning.

17. EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
Efficient communication – minimizes time and
cost involved in the exchange process. If the
message is transmitted with less expenditure of
money and time, it is efficient.
Effective communication – aims at accurate
sending and receiving i.e. full comprehension
by sender and receiver for appropriate action.

18. BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Language differences
Faulty language, defective translation, underlying assumptions not clear,
specialist’s language, Lack of sensitivity to receiver, Lack of basic
communication skills, Insufficient knowledge of the subject, Information
overload, different evaluations and meanings
2. Emotional or psychological barriers
Premature evaluation, in-attention, loss in transmission, failure of
communication, assumptions, differing perception.
3. Barriers at the receiver
Lack of interest, lack of knowledge, lack of communication skills, emotional
distractions and physical distractions.

19. THANK YOU