This document provides an overview of communication, including definitions, types, elements, and functions. It begins with defining communication as the exchange of ideas and information between two or more people. The key elements of communication identified are the source, message, symbol, channel, encoding, decoding, receiver, and feedback. Communication is classified based on channels (verbal, nonverbal), purpose and style (formal, informal), receivers (intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, mass), and context (internal, external). The functions of communication discussed include social interaction, sharing experiences, and ensuring messages are understood.
The National Policy for Persons with Disabilities-2006 aims to provide physical, educational, and economic rehabilitation for people with disabilities in India. It focuses on prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation measures like physical, educational, and economic support, as well as ensuring rights and support for women, children, and people with disabilities generally. The policy aims to promote a barrier-free environment and issues of disability certification, social security, research, and sports/cultural activities for people with disabilities. Implementation involves coordination between various central and state government ministries and organizations.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I)Thiyagu K
The document discusses research aptitude and provides information on various aspects of research such as meaning of research, research objectives, characteristics of research, types of research, research methodology, application of ICT in research, and research ethics. It defines research as a systematic process of discovering new facts or testing known ideas. The key characteristics of research discussed are objectivity, reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, generalizability, being empirical, systematic, and replicable. The document outlines different types of research such as fundamental vs applied research and qualitative vs quantitative research. It also discusses various steps involved in research such as selecting the research problem, literature review, data collection and analysis, and reaching conclusions.
This document discusses several theories of intelligence, including:
- Spearman's two-factor theory, which posits a general intelligence ("G") factor and specific abilities ("S") factors. Performance depends on both.
- Guilford's structure of intellect model, which identifies 150 intellectual abilities based on 5 operations, 5 contents, and 6 products.
- Thurston's group factor theory, which identified 7-9 primary mental abilities like verbal comprehension, spatial visualization, and inductive reasoning. Each ability has its own "primary factor".
The document provides definitions, characteristics, and educational implications of each theory. It examines how the theories conceptualized and attempted to measure different aspects of human intelligence.
Observation is a method of collecting research data by watching and recording participants' behaviors. It can be naturalistic, observing in natural environments, or controlled, in laboratory settings. There are different types of observation including participant, where the observer participates, and non-participant, where they do not. Observation provides valuable qualitative data but has limitations such as potential to influence behaviors and inability to observe all behaviors. It is an important method that works best as part of a mixed methods approach.
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 (RPWD Act) was enacted in India to replace the 1995 Persons with Disabilities Act. Some key points:
- It aims to give effect to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which India ratified in 2007.
- The number of recognized disabilities was increased from 7 to 21 to include conditions like acid attack victims, dwarfism, muscular dystrophy, and specific learning disabilities.
- It mandates inclusive education for children with disabilities and reservations in government jobs and higher education.
- It provides for social security, healthcare initiatives focused on prevention and rehabilitation of disabilities, and access to transport and technology.
-
Rights to Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 New Law for PwDs in IndiaRajnish Kumar Arya
The salient features of the Bill are:
i. Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept.
ii. The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:-
1. Blindness
2. Low-vision
3. Leprosy Cured persons
4. Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing)
5. Locomotor Disability
6. Dwarfism
7. Intellectual Disability
8. Mental Illness
9. Autism Spectrum Disorder
10. Cerebral Palsy
11. Muscular Dystrophy
12. Chronic Neurological conditions
13. Specific Learning Disabilities
14. Multiple Sclerosis
15. Speech and Language disability
16. Thalassemia
17. Hemophilia
18. Sickle Cell disease
19. Multiple Disabilities including deafblindness
20. Acid Attack victim
21. Parkinson's disease
The National Policy for Persons with Disabilities-2006 aims to provide physical, educational, and economic rehabilitation for people with disabilities in India. It focuses on prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation measures like physical, educational, and economic support, as well as ensuring rights and support for women, children, and people with disabilities generally. The policy aims to promote a barrier-free environment and issues of disability certification, social security, research, and sports/cultural activities for people with disabilities. Implementation involves coordination between various central and state government ministries and organizations.
Unit 2- Research Aptitude (UGC NET Paper I)Thiyagu K
The document discusses research aptitude and provides information on various aspects of research such as meaning of research, research objectives, characteristics of research, types of research, research methodology, application of ICT in research, and research ethics. It defines research as a systematic process of discovering new facts or testing known ideas. The key characteristics of research discussed are objectivity, reliability, validity, accuracy, credibility, generalizability, being empirical, systematic, and replicable. The document outlines different types of research such as fundamental vs applied research and qualitative vs quantitative research. It also discusses various steps involved in research such as selecting the research problem, literature review, data collection and analysis, and reaching conclusions.
This document discusses several theories of intelligence, including:
- Spearman's two-factor theory, which posits a general intelligence ("G") factor and specific abilities ("S") factors. Performance depends on both.
- Guilford's structure of intellect model, which identifies 150 intellectual abilities based on 5 operations, 5 contents, and 6 products.
- Thurston's group factor theory, which identified 7-9 primary mental abilities like verbal comprehension, spatial visualization, and inductive reasoning. Each ability has its own "primary factor".
The document provides definitions, characteristics, and educational implications of each theory. It examines how the theories conceptualized and attempted to measure different aspects of human intelligence.
Observation is a method of collecting research data by watching and recording participants' behaviors. It can be naturalistic, observing in natural environments, or controlled, in laboratory settings. There are different types of observation including participant, where the observer participates, and non-participant, where they do not. Observation provides valuable qualitative data but has limitations such as potential to influence behaviors and inability to observe all behaviors. It is an important method that works best as part of a mixed methods approach.
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 (RPWD Act) was enacted in India to replace the 1995 Persons with Disabilities Act. Some key points:
- It aims to give effect to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which India ratified in 2007.
- The number of recognized disabilities was increased from 7 to 21 to include conditions like acid attack victims, dwarfism, muscular dystrophy, and specific learning disabilities.
- It mandates inclusive education for children with disabilities and reservations in government jobs and higher education.
- It provides for social security, healthcare initiatives focused on prevention and rehabilitation of disabilities, and access to transport and technology.
-
Rights to Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 New Law for PwDs in IndiaRajnish Kumar Arya
The salient features of the Bill are:
i. Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept.
ii. The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities. The 21 disabilities are given below:-
1. Blindness
2. Low-vision
3. Leprosy Cured persons
4. Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing)
5. Locomotor Disability
6. Dwarfism
7. Intellectual Disability
8. Mental Illness
9. Autism Spectrum Disorder
10. Cerebral Palsy
11. Muscular Dystrophy
12. Chronic Neurological conditions
13. Specific Learning Disabilities
14. Multiple Sclerosis
15. Speech and Language disability
16. Thalassemia
17. Hemophilia
18. Sickle Cell disease
19. Multiple Disabilities including deafblindness
20. Acid Attack victim
21. Parkinson's disease
The document discusses life skills and effective communication. It defines life skills as abilities that enable individuals to deal with everyday challenges. Life skills are categorized into cognitive, personal, and interpersonal skills and include skills like decision making, problem solving, communication, and stress management. Effective communication involves clearly sending and receiving intended messages and is important for social and professional contexts. The document also discusses various aspects of communication like types, flows, barriers, and overcoming noise.
This document discusses communication skills in nursing. It defines communication and describes it as a process of exchanging information between individuals through symbols, signs or data. Good communication is important in nursing as it allows nurses to get their point across, inform patients, build rapport, educate, and promote understanding which helps in treatment. Communication can be verbal through speaking and listening, or non-verbal through body language, facial expressions, and other means. The document outlines various theories of communication and discusses interpersonal, intrapersonal, and group communication. It also describes the essential components of communication including the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback. Barriers to effective communication and best practices for communication in nursing are also covered.
This document provides an overview of communication skills. It defines communication as the dynamic interactive process of transmitting facts, ideas, thoughts, and feelings. The document then discusses the purpose, process, levels, mediums, types, and barriers of communication. It provides definitions of communication from various sources and explains key steps in the communication process such as encoding, decoding, and feedback.
Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver. The basic elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. The sender encodes a message and transmits it through a channel. The receiver decodes the message and provides feedback to the sender. The context surrounding the communication can impact the meaning of the message. Effective communication requires understanding these core elements and how they interact in the communication process.
The most basic form of communication is a process in which two or more persons attempt to consciously or unconsciously influence each other through the use of symbols or words to satisfy their respective needs.
This document defines communication and describes the process. Communication involves transmitting a message from a sender through an encoding, channel, and decoding by the receiver. It discusses downward, upward, and horizontal communication flows within an organization. The key elements of the communication process are the source, encoding, channel, decoding, understanding, response, and feedback. Barriers like semantic differences, psychological factors, emotions, and differences in language can interfere with effective communication.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals through various channels. It involves a sender encoding a message, transmitting it through a medium, a receiver decoding the message, and providing feedback. There are different types of communication classified by the number of individuals involved (intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, mass) and the medium used (verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal). Effective communication is a multi-step process that ensures the intended message is understood by involving transmission, reception and response.
This document provides an overview of communication skills and the communication process. It defines communication and explains that communication involves transmitting meaning from a sender to a receiver. There are various components of the communication process, including the context, sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication requires understanding these components and how they interact. The document also discusses intercultural communication and some considerations for communicating successfully across cultural differences.
Communication is the sharing of information through speech, writing, or behavior between two or more people. It involves a sender transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver. Key elements of the communication process include the sender, message, channel, receiver, noise, feedback, context, and effect. Communication serves important functions such as education, information sharing, cultural promotion, social contact, integration, stimulation, counseling, expression of emotions, entertainment, and control. Verbal communication involves spoken or written words while nonverbal communication relies on body language, sounds, gestures, and other cues to share meaning.
This document discusses the key concepts of communication and ethical public speaking. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages to create shared meaning. There are five primary contexts of communication: intrapersonal, impersonal, interpersonal, small group, and public. Effective public speaking requires considering the situation, choosing a credible message, and anticipating feedback within the communication process while maintaining ethical standards like acknowledging bias and using respectful language.
Communication – Types and Channels of Communication – Barriers to CommunicationJumanul Haque
Communication involves the exchange of thoughts, ideas, knowledge and information between two parties to work towards a shared goal. It is a two-way process that uses both verbal and non-verbal means. Effective communication is complete, concise, considers the audience, is clear and courteous. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a medium to a receiver who decodes it and provides feedback. Barriers like differences in perception, language, too much information, distractions and emotions can interfere with communication.
This presentation was delivered by the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development in Bangladesh to sensitize their research staff to different approaches to communicating their research.
This document provides an overview of a course on purposive communication. The course aims to develop students' communicative competence through multimodal tasks that allow them to communicate effectively to multicultural audiences. It covers key concepts like communication definitions, processes, principles, ethics, and types (verbal and non-verbal). Course requirements include exams, quizzes, assignments, and attendance. The document outlines session topics such as communication defined, processes and ethics, and aspects and types of communication.
The document provides an overview of communication topics covered in the first week of a business communication course. It defines communication and its importance in business. It discusses the communication process, including the key elements of a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers types of communication like one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, formal vs informal, and communication networks in an organization. Barriers to effective communication and models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver are summarized as well. Finally, it discusses important business communication skills like listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
This document discusses communication and provides definitions, models, levels, and barriers related to the communication process. It defines communication as the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver through a medium. Three models of communication are described: the linear model involving one-way transmission from sender to receiver; the interactive model which adds feedback; and the transactional model where communication is simultaneous and circular between all parties. The document outlines different levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, public, and mass communication. Finally, it identifies several potential barriers to effective communication such as language barriers, psychological factors, cultural differences, environmental noise, and physiological impairments.
An informational presentation, having many different objectives, ranging from marketing and advertising to research and measurement or employee engagement.
#BusinessCommunication #businessdevelopment #corporate #ppt #research #strategy #barriersincommunication #processofcommunication #benefitsofcommunication #business #communication #education #challenges #verbal #nonverbal #symbolic #people #dynamic #organization #humanrelations #publicrelations
An informational presentation, having many different objectives, ranging from marketing and advertising to research and measurement or employee engagement.
#BusinessCommunication #BusinessDevelopment #Corporate #PPT #Research #Strategy #BarriersInCommunication #ProcessofCommunication #BenefitsofCommunication #Business #Communication #Education #Challenges #Verbal #Nonverbal #Symbolic #People #Dynamic #Organization #HumanRelations #PublicRelations
Communication is essential for building effective nurse-patient relationships. There are several key aspects of communication discussed in the document.
First, communication involves the exchange of ideas, facts, feelings, and information between two or more people to develop a common understanding. There are various levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and mass communication.
Second, effective communication requires understanding different elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, context and noise. It is also influenced by factors such as roles, culture, disabilities, and the environment.
Third, overcoming barriers to communication like physiological, psychological, social and organizational barriers is important for building trust with patients. Techn
The Function, Nature, and Process of Communication.pptxLizZel5
1. The document discusses the nature of communication, stating that it is a process of sharing messages between two or more people through both verbal and nonverbal means.
2. Communication can take many forms, such as face-to-face interactions, phone conversations, group discussions, letters, and more. It involves encoding and decoding messages through various channels.
3. The key aspects of the nature of communication highlighted are that it is a process, occurs between two or more individuals, and can be expressed verbally through spoken or written words or nonverbally through actions.
At the end of this presentation the learner will be able to:
Define communication.
Discuss the elements of communication.
Enlist characteristics of effective verbal communication.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Similar to UGC NET communication slide [Autosaved].pptx
The document discusses life skills and effective communication. It defines life skills as abilities that enable individuals to deal with everyday challenges. Life skills are categorized into cognitive, personal, and interpersonal skills and include skills like decision making, problem solving, communication, and stress management. Effective communication involves clearly sending and receiving intended messages and is important for social and professional contexts. The document also discusses various aspects of communication like types, flows, barriers, and overcoming noise.
This document discusses communication skills in nursing. It defines communication and describes it as a process of exchanging information between individuals through symbols, signs or data. Good communication is important in nursing as it allows nurses to get their point across, inform patients, build rapport, educate, and promote understanding which helps in treatment. Communication can be verbal through speaking and listening, or non-verbal through body language, facial expressions, and other means. The document outlines various theories of communication and discusses interpersonal, intrapersonal, and group communication. It also describes the essential components of communication including the sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback. Barriers to effective communication and best practices for communication in nursing are also covered.
This document provides an overview of communication skills. It defines communication as the dynamic interactive process of transmitting facts, ideas, thoughts, and feelings. The document then discusses the purpose, process, levels, mediums, types, and barriers of communication. It provides definitions of communication from various sources and explains key steps in the communication process such as encoding, decoding, and feedback.
Communication involves the exchange of information between a sender and receiver. The basic elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. The sender encodes a message and transmits it through a channel. The receiver decodes the message and provides feedback to the sender. The context surrounding the communication can impact the meaning of the message. Effective communication requires understanding these core elements and how they interact in the communication process.
The most basic form of communication is a process in which two or more persons attempt to consciously or unconsciously influence each other through the use of symbols or words to satisfy their respective needs.
This document defines communication and describes the process. Communication involves transmitting a message from a sender through an encoding, channel, and decoding by the receiver. It discusses downward, upward, and horizontal communication flows within an organization. The key elements of the communication process are the source, encoding, channel, decoding, understanding, response, and feedback. Barriers like semantic differences, psychological factors, emotions, and differences in language can interfere with effective communication.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals through various channels. It involves a sender encoding a message, transmitting it through a medium, a receiver decoding the message, and providing feedback. There are different types of communication classified by the number of individuals involved (intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, mass) and the medium used (verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal). Effective communication is a multi-step process that ensures the intended message is understood by involving transmission, reception and response.
This document provides an overview of communication skills and the communication process. It defines communication and explains that communication involves transmitting meaning from a sender to a receiver. There are various components of the communication process, including the context, sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication requires understanding these components and how they interact. The document also discusses intercultural communication and some considerations for communicating successfully across cultural differences.
Communication is the sharing of information through speech, writing, or behavior between two or more people. It involves a sender transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver. Key elements of the communication process include the sender, message, channel, receiver, noise, feedback, context, and effect. Communication serves important functions such as education, information sharing, cultural promotion, social contact, integration, stimulation, counseling, expression of emotions, entertainment, and control. Verbal communication involves spoken or written words while nonverbal communication relies on body language, sounds, gestures, and other cues to share meaning.
This document discusses the key concepts of communication and ethical public speaking. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal messages to create shared meaning. There are five primary contexts of communication: intrapersonal, impersonal, interpersonal, small group, and public. Effective public speaking requires considering the situation, choosing a credible message, and anticipating feedback within the communication process while maintaining ethical standards like acknowledging bias and using respectful language.
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Communication involves the exchange of thoughts, ideas, knowledge and information between two parties to work towards a shared goal. It is a two-way process that uses both verbal and non-verbal means. Effective communication is complete, concise, considers the audience, is clear and courteous. The communication process involves a sender encoding a message and transmitting it through a medium to a receiver who decodes it and provides feedback. Barriers like differences in perception, language, too much information, distractions and emotions can interfere with communication.
This presentation was delivered by the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development in Bangladesh to sensitize their research staff to different approaches to communicating their research.
This document provides an overview of a course on purposive communication. The course aims to develop students' communicative competence through multimodal tasks that allow them to communicate effectively to multicultural audiences. It covers key concepts like communication definitions, processes, principles, ethics, and types (verbal and non-verbal). Course requirements include exams, quizzes, assignments, and attendance. The document outlines session topics such as communication defined, processes and ethics, and aspects and types of communication.
The document provides an overview of communication topics covered in the first week of a business communication course. It defines communication and its importance in business. It discusses the communication process, including the key elements of a sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also covers types of communication like one-way vs two-way, verbal vs non-verbal, formal vs informal, and communication networks in an organization. Barriers to effective communication and models like SMCR and Shannon-Weaver are summarized as well. Finally, it discusses important business communication skills like listening, reading, speaking, and writing.
This document discusses communication and provides definitions, models, levels, and barriers related to the communication process. It defines communication as the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver through a medium. Three models of communication are described: the linear model involving one-way transmission from sender to receiver; the interactive model which adds feedback; and the transactional model where communication is simultaneous and circular between all parties. The document outlines different levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, public, and mass communication. Finally, it identifies several potential barriers to effective communication such as language barriers, psychological factors, cultural differences, environmental noise, and physiological impairments.
An informational presentation, having many different objectives, ranging from marketing and advertising to research and measurement or employee engagement.
#BusinessCommunication #businessdevelopment #corporate #ppt #research #strategy #barriersincommunication #processofcommunication #benefitsofcommunication #business #communication #education #challenges #verbal #nonverbal #symbolic #people #dynamic #organization #humanrelations #publicrelations
An informational presentation, having many different objectives, ranging from marketing and advertising to research and measurement or employee engagement.
#BusinessCommunication #BusinessDevelopment #Corporate #PPT #Research #Strategy #BarriersInCommunication #ProcessofCommunication #BenefitsofCommunication #Business #Communication #Education #Challenges #Verbal #Nonverbal #Symbolic #People #Dynamic #Organization #HumanRelations #PublicRelations
Communication is essential for building effective nurse-patient relationships. There are several key aspects of communication discussed in the document.
First, communication involves the exchange of ideas, facts, feelings, and information between two or more people to develop a common understanding. There are various levels of communication including intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and mass communication.
Second, effective communication requires understanding different elements like the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, context and noise. It is also influenced by factors such as roles, culture, disabilities, and the environment.
Third, overcoming barriers to communication like physiological, psychological, social and organizational barriers is important for building trust with patients. Techn
The Function, Nature, and Process of Communication.pptxLizZel5
1. The document discusses the nature of communication, stating that it is a process of sharing messages between two or more people through both verbal and nonverbal means.
2. Communication can take many forms, such as face-to-face interactions, phone conversations, group discussions, letters, and more. It involves encoding and decoding messages through various channels.
3. The key aspects of the nature of communication highlighted are that it is a process, occurs between two or more individuals, and can be expressed verbally through spoken or written words or nonverbally through actions.
At the end of this presentation the learner will be able to:
Define communication.
Discuss the elements of communication.
Enlist characteristics of effective verbal communication.
Similar to UGC NET communication slide [Autosaved].pptx (20)
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
3. Why do we communicate?
A. For social interaction
B. for happiness sake.
C. For messages to be understood.
D. For sharing of experience
E. For protection of traditions
Choose the correct answer from the option given below.
1. A,C,E only 2. B.C,D only
3. A, C, D only 4, A, B, E only
Ans: 3
4. When in a classroom communication, a teacher shows ability of
creativity, correlation and analysis, it belongs to which category
of skills?
Thinking skills
Expression skills
Media utilization skills
human skills
Ans: thinking skills
5. Syllabus - Unit-IV Communication
Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group
communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.
9. Communication
Communication is the process of exchange of ideas
Communication means sharing of information
Communication is the giving and receiving of
messages
Communication is the transfer of information from
one or more people to one or more people
10. Definitions
Communication is the process by which an idea is transferred from a
source to a receiver with the intention of changing his behaviour
Communication is a dynamic process where an individual influences
others cognition through conscious or unconscious manner- Anderson
Communication is the process of passing information and
understanding from one person to another- Keith Davis
Communication is afield of knowledge dealing with the systematic
application of symbols to acquire common information regarding an
object or event. – Kell
Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages -
Sanborn
Communication is a process of transmitting ideas or thoughts from one
person to another for the purpose of creating an understanding in the
thinking of the person receiving communication- Brown
11. what?
It is a process of exchanging
Information
Ideas
Thoughts
Feelings
Emotions
Through
Speech
Signal
Writing
Behaviour
12. Characteristics of Communication:
1. Two-way communication: Communication is a two-way
process of understanding between two or more persons; sender
and receiver.
2. Continuous Process: Exchanges of ideas and opinion amongst
people is an ongoing process in business and non-business world.
Continuous interaction promotes understanding and exchange of
information relevant for decision-making.
13. 3. Dynamic Process: Communication between sender and receiver
takes different forms and medium depending upon their moods
and behaviour. It is, thus, a dynamic process that keeps changing
in different situations.
4. Pervasive: Communication is a pervasive activity. It takes place
at all levels (top, middle, lower) in all functional areas (production,
finance, personnel, sales etc.) of a business organisation.
5. Two People: A minimum of two persons; sender and receiver,
must be present for communication to take place. It may be
between superior, subordinates and peer group.
14. 6. Exchange: Communication involves exchange of ideas and
opinions. People interact and develop understanding for each
other.
7. Mutual understanding: Communication is effective when sender
and receiver develop mutual understanding of the subject.
Messages conveyed should be understood by both parties.
8. Goal Oriented: Communication is goal oriented. Unless the
receiver and sender know the purpose, they intend to achieve
through communication, it has little practical utility
15. Nature of communication
It is a process of establishing mutual relationship.
It is a process of exchange of ideas between persons
It is a process of discussion
It is a bipolar process (sender and receiver)
It is a psycho-social process
it is a information giving process
It is a directional process
It is a process of co ordination
It is a dynamic process (change and progress)
16. Features of communication
Omnipresent
Present everywhere
Continuous
It is an ongoing process
Universal in nature
Everybody communicates
social process
Socialize with the people in the surrounding
17. Elements of communication
Source : The origin of any message is called a source.
(Messenger/communicator )
Message: The subject matter of communication. This may be
opinion, order. appeal, views, suggestions, etc. it is a stimuli.
Symbol: A symbol is something that stands for something else.
The words are symbolic in nature in themselves.
Channel: The medium used to transmit the message.
Encoding : The process of using symbols to express the idea or
feeling, ciphering a message.
18. Decoding : It is the process of deciphering the
symbols conveyed by the source.
Receiver: the person who completes the process of
communication.
Feed back: it is the feelings conveyed by the receiver
to the sender after the completion of the process of
communication..
Interference/ noise
21. Function of communication in a teaching learning
process
It enhances the friendly relationship between the teacher and the students.
Tt promotes the efficient co ordination in the class room
It solves the mutual biases and prejudices during teaching.
It helps in decentralisation of the rights
It creates contacts with the external world.
it enhances mutual co operation
It helps in quick judgement and its implementation
It helps in promoting mental readiness of the students
it cultivates leadership
It focuses on co ordination
It build morale.
it cultivate democratic management.
22. In the process of communication, which one of
the following is in the chronological order ?
(A) Communicator, Medium, Receiver, Effect, Message
(B) Medium, Communicator, Message, Receiver, Effect
(C) Communicator, Message, Medium, Receiver, Effect
(D) Message, Communicator, Medium, Receiver, Effect
Answer :c
24. Match List I with List II List I List
Types of communication Function served
A) Mass communication (I) Corridor discussion
(B) Intrapersonal communication (II) Classroom Teaching
(C) Group communication (III) For communicates with oneself
(D) Interpersonal communication (IV) For mechanical message transmission
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (A)‐(IV), (B)‐(III), (C)‐(II), (D)‐(I) (2) (A)‐(I), (B)‐(II), (C)‐(III), (D)‐(IV)
(2) (3) (A)‐(II), (B)‐(III), (C)‐(IV), (D)‐(I) (4) (A)‐(III), (B)‐(II), (C)‐(I), (D)‐(IV
(1) Answer:- (1)(A)‐(IV), (B)‐(III), (C)‐(II), (D)‐(I)
25. Functions of communication
In the individual context
It provides knowledge
It enforces and adjusts behavioural patterns
It helps in socialisation
It creates legends
26. Functions of communication
- In the social context
It educates people and makes them capable on various fronts
It persuades the targeted subjects to buy products or services
It generates enthusiasm in the minds of the targeted subjects to
develop or modify views on particular issues.
It provides information
It helps in social revolution and transformation
It builds an image of individuals or of non business organisations in
the minds of the masses.
27. Functions of communication
- In the organisational context
It serves as an essential tool for direction
It assists in decision making
It keeps the employees enlightened
It informs the employees informed about their obligations
It builds good employer- employee relations
It facilitates the basic management process
it promotes leadership effectiveness.
It evaluates performances for control
28. Types of Communication
People communicate with each other in a number of ways
that depend upon the message and its context in which it is
being sent.
Choice of communication channel and style of
communicating also affect communication. So, there are
varieties of types of communication.
29. I. Types of communication based on the
communication channels:
1. Verbal Communication
2. Nonverbal
30. 1. Verbal Communication
Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in
which message is transmitted verbally. Communication is
done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.
Verbal Communication is further divided into:
▪ Oral Communication
▪ Written Communication
31. 1. (a)Oral Communication
In oral communication, Spoken words are used.
It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic
conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet.
In oral communication, communication is influence by pitch,
volume, speed and clarity of speaking.
32. Written Communication
In written communication, written signs or symbols are used
to communicate.
A written message may be printed or hand written. In written
communication message can be transmitted via email, letter,
report, memo etc.
Message, in written communication, is influenced by the
vocabulary & grammar used, writing style, precision and
clarity of the language used.
33. 2. Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is the sending or
receiving of wordless messages. We can say that
communication other than oral and written, such as
gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or
facial expressions, is called nonverbal
communication.
Nonverbal communication is all about the body
language of speaker.
34. Nonverbal communication helps receiver in
interpreting the message received. Often, nonverbal
signals reflect the situation more accurately than
verbal messages.
Sometimes nonverbal response contradicts verbal
communication and hence affects the effectiveness
of message.
35. Nonverbal communication has the
following three elements:
Appearance
Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics
Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings
Body Language
facial expressions, gestures, postures
Sounds Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate
37. . Which of the following is considered as effective
from verbal communication?
• (1) Story-telling
• (2) Sloganeering
• (3) Use of high pitch of voice
• (4) Monologues
38. Types of Communication Based on
Purpose and Style
Based on style and purpose, there are two main categories of
communication and they both bears their own characteristics.
Communication types based on style and purpose are:
1. Formal Communication
2. Informal Communication
39. 1. Formal Communication
In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and
principles are followed while communicating message.
Formal communication occurs in formal and official style.
Usually professional settings, corporate meetings, conferences
undergoes in formal pattern
40. 2. Informal Communication
Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal
communication channels.
It’s just a casual talk.
It is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-
face discussions.
It happens among friends and family. In informal communication use of slang words,
foul language is not restricted.
Usually. informal communication is done orally and using gestures.
Informal communication, unlike formal communication, doesn’t follow authority
lines. In an organization, it helps in finding out staff grievances as people express
more when talking informally.
Informal communication helps in building relationships.
41. Types of Communication in an
organization:
1. Internal Communication
2. External Communication
42. 1. Internal Communication
Communication within an organization is called “Internal Communication”. It
includes all communication within an organization. It may be informal,
formal function, or department providing communication in various forms
to employees.
Under Internal Communication, types are:
1. Upward Communication
Upward communication is the flow of information from subordinates to
superiors, or from employees to management.
Upward Communication is a mean for the staff to: ▪ Exchange information ▪
Offer ideas ▪ Express enthusiasm ▪ Achieve job satisfaction ▪ Provide
feedback
43. Downward Communication
Downward Communication Information flowing from the top of the organizational
management hierarchy and telling people in the organization what is important
(mission) and what is valued (policies). Downward communication generally
provides information – which allows a subordinate to do something.
For example, instructions on how to complete a task. Downward communication
comes after upward communications have been successfully established.
44. This type of communication is needed in an
organization to:
▪ Transmit vital information
▪ Give instructions
▪ Encourage 2-way discussion
▪ Announce decisions
▪ Seek cooperation
▪ Provide motivation
▪ Boost morale
▪ Increase efficiency
▪ Obtain feedback
45. Both Downward & Upward Communications are collectively
called “Vertical Communication”
Horizontal/ Lateral communication normally involves coordinating information, and
allows people with the same or similar rank in an organization to cooperate or
collaborate.
Communication among employees at the same level is crucial for the
accomplishment of the assigned work.
Horizontal Communication is essential for:
▪ Solving problems
▪ Accomplishing tasks
▪ Improving teamwork
▪ Building goodwill
▪ Boosting efficiency
46. Diagonal communication
Diagonal communication includes the horizontal flow of
information, among people on the same or similar
organizational levels and the diagonal flow, among persons at
different levels who have no direct reporting relationship with
one another.
47. ▪ Grapevine
It is an informal, unofficial and personal communication
channel or system that takes place within the organization as
a result of rumor and gossip.
It is a complex web of oral information flow linking all the
members of the organization.
The grapevine does not have any definite pattern or direction,
though it is largely horizontal in nature.
It can be effective horizontally, vertically and even diagonally.
48. 2. External Communication
Communication with people outside the company is called
“external communication”.
Supervisors communicate with sources outside the
organization, such as vendors and customers.
It leads to better: ▪ Sales volume ▪ Public credibility ▪
Operational efficiency ▪
Company profits It should improve: ▪ Overall performance ▪
Public goodwill ▪ Corporate image
49. Types of Communication based on
receivers:
It classifies communication according to the number of
persons (receivers) to whom the message is addressed
Intrapersonal Communication: It refers to talking to oneself in
one’s own mind. It is a communicator's internal use of
language or thought. Examples: Asides or soliloquy in
dramatic works.
50. Interpersonal Communication:
It is the exchange of facts, information and messages between
two persons. For example, a conversation, an interview, letter
or a dialogue, in which two persons interact (others may also
be present as the audience). An author is also an example
where he/she interacts messages with the reader, who is a
silent audience in the author’s mind.
51. Group Communication:
It is an extension of interpersonal communication where
more than two persons are involved in the exchange of ideas,
messages, skills, and interests. Examples: Meeting in an
organization, club or classroom, Committee meetings
52. Mass Communication:
It refers to imparting and exchanging of information on a
large scale to a wide range of people. It occurs when the
information is shared with large groups of people. There are
fewer chances of direct feedback as there is no personal
contact between the senders and receivers. Examples: It can
be done through various mediums such as newspaper, radio,
or television, social networking etc