This document discusses communication in healthcare settings. It begins by outlining the objectives of the presentation, which are to define communication, learn about types of communication, understand barriers to communication, and explain channels, modes, factors, and strategies for effective communication. It then defines communication and describes the basic process, which involves a sender encoding and transmitting a message through a channel to a receiver who provides feedback. It outlines different types of communication including formal/informal and verbal/non-verbal. It also discusses barriers to communication such as language barriers, emotional barriers, physical barriers, systemic barriers, and taboos.

1. COMMUNICATION
Prepared by Mehvish Ashraf
nursing instructor
Sheikh Zayed college of nursing R.Y.K

2. OBJECTIVES
◦ At the end of this presentation you will be able to learn about:
◦ How you will Define communication.
◦ Learn about the types of communication.
◦ Understand about barriers of communication.
◦ Explain the formal and informal channels of communication.
◦ Interpersonal communication about in health care setting.
◦ What are the modes of communication.
◦ Which are the factors influencing communication.
◦ What are the strategies for effective communication.

3. COMMUNICATION
◦ The Communication is a two-way process wherein the message in the
form of ideas, thoughts, feelings, opinions is transmitted between two
or more persons with the intent of creating a shared understanding.
◦ The term communication is derived from the Latin word “Communis”
which means to share. Effective communication is when the message
conveyed by the sender is understood by the receiver in exactly the
same way as it was intended.

5. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
◦ The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the
conceptualizing of ideas by the sender who then transmits the message
through a channel to the receiver, who in turn gives the feedback in the
form of some message or signal within the given time frame. Thus,
there are Seven major elements of communication process:

7. CONT..
◦ Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person who initiates the
conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey
it to others.
◦ Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process wherein he
uses certain words or non-verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body
gestures, etc. to translate the information into a message. The sender’s
knowledge, skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a
great impact on the success of the message.

8. CONT..
◦ Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message
that he intends to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or
non-verbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc. or any
other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.

9. CONT…
◦ Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium through
which he wants to convey his message to the recipient. It must be
selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly
interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the
interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and
also on the urgency of the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written,
sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used communication
mediums.

10. CONT..
◦ Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended
or targeted. He tries to comprehend it in the best possible manner such
that the communication objective is attained. The degree to which the
receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject
matter, experience, trust and relationship with the sender.

11. CONT..
◦ Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s message and tries
to understand it in the best possible manner. An effective
communication occurs only if the receiver understands the message in
exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender.
◦ Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that ensures
the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it
was intended by the sender. It increases the effectiveness of the
communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his
message. The response of the receiver can be verbal or non-verbal.

13. Types of communication
◦ Communication is carried out formally or informally and can be verbal or non-verbal.
◦ 1. Formal Communication
◦ Formal Communication is done in a professional manner. This type of communication is mostly
used in an office setting, during cooperate meetings and conferences. Proper titles of those
you’re addressing is a must here.
◦ 2 .Informal Communication
◦ Informal Communication is the opposite of formal communication. Here people are less
adherent to protocol and can engage in a casual manner. Authority lines are not followed and
people can use slang, refer to each other without using job titles, etc. Due to the casual manner,
people engage it is good for building relationships.

15. Types of communication
◦ 3. Verbal Communication
◦ When passing information verbally you pass it by word of mouth or in writing. Communication
experts say when using verbal communication Keep It Short and Simple.
◦ 4. Non-Verbal Communication
◦ This means that the person communicating with you is using body language, posture, facial
expressions, gestures, etc. For example, the tone of voice is a non-verbal clue indicating whether
an individual is angry or not. Always watch the body language of a speaker it will communicate
a lot.

16. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
◦ The use of written words to convey messages. Written communication happens through email,
memos, texts, posts, etc. While written communication helps you share your thoughts well,
sometimes it does not fully convey the emotion that you are trying to share.

17. LISTENING
◦ Listening is one of the most important parts of communication as it helps you understand the
perspective of the communicator and effectively engage with them. The process of any
communication takes a crucial value at listening correctly and responding appropriately.

18. VISUAL
◦ Through visual messages like pictures, graphs, objects and other visual facets. Visual
Communication is a crucial part of today’s methods of conveying important information. It is
used in presentations, televisions, e

20. Communication Barriers
◦ Now that we understand the types and delivery of communication let’s
have a look at some of the barriers to communication. Barriers are
many and can occur anywhere in the communication process. The key
barriers are;

21. 1LANGUAGE BARRIER
◦ The language used by the sender may not be understood by the
receiver. Also, the two-people communicating may speak the same
language but the jargon used to pass the information may breakdown
communication if the receiver doesn’t fully understand it. For example,
if an expert uses industry terminology while communicating to an
intern he/she will not be understood because they are yet to learn the
terminology.

22. 2 EMOTINAL BARRIER
◦ The state of mind of the communicators can hinder the delivery of
information. If the receiver is having issues they are likely to be less
attentive, which could lead to poor communication. The mental state of
the sender and receiver influences how the message is received,
perceived, and sent.

23. 3 PHYSICAL BARRIER
◦ The environment one is in determines how good communication is. If a
receiver of a message is in a noisy place he is unlikely to hear what
message is being conveyed. Vice versa if an encoder at a musical
concert he cannot pass information clearly. Geographical distance also
is a barrier to communication.

24. CONT..
◦ Generally, communication is faster over a short distance as many
communication channels are available and less technology is required.
If you are to send a message to a person in Antarctica this may prove
difficult as mobile communication is unavailable or poor. Face to face
communication is best as both are in the same place.

25. 4 SYSTEMIC BARRIER
◦ In an organization, communication may be barred because they are no
channels to communicate amongst themselves. For example, a junior
employee may not be able to access the company CEO because no
measures have been put in place to allow for that. Systematic barriers
exist in organizations with inefficient communication channels.

26. 5 TABOOS
◦ Communication may be hinder because some topics are not open to
discussion. Taboo topics may include, religion, sexuality, and sex,
politics, disabilities, etc.