Download as PDF, PPTX
![Structure
/* Each Arduino sketch must contain the
following two functions. */
void setup()
{
/* this code runs once at the beginning of
the code execution. */
}
void loop()
{
/* this code runs repeatedly over and over
as long as the board is powered. */
}
Comments
// this is a single line
/* this is
a multiline */
Setup
pinMode(pin, [INPUT OUTPUT INPUT_PULLUP]);
/* Sets the mode of the digital I/O pin.
It can be set as an input, output, or an
input with an internal pull-up resistor.
*/
Control Structures
if(condition)
{
// if condition is TRUE, do something here
}
else
{
// otherwise, do this
}
for(initialization; condition; increment)
{
// do this
}
/* The ‘for’ statement is used to repeat
a block of statements enclosed in curly
braces. An increment counter is usually
used to increment and terminate the loop.
*/
Digital I/O
digitalWrite(pin, val);
/* val = HIGH or LOW. Sets the
digital pin to either ON or OFF. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from a digital
pin. Returns either HIGH or LOW. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from a specified digital
pin, either HIGH or LOW. */
Analog I/O
analogWrite(pin, val);
/* Writes an analog voltage to a pin.
val = integer value from 0 to 255 */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from the specified
analog pin. */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from the specified
analog pin. */
Time
delay(time_ms);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in milliseconds). */
delayMicroseconds(time_us);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in microseconds). */
millis();
/* Returns the number of milliseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
micros();
/* Returns the number of microseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
Serial Communication
Serial.begin(baudrate);
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("");
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("Hello World!!");
/* Sends a string "Hello World!!" to the
serial bus. This will be seen on the Serial
Monitor in Arduino. */
Serial.println("Hello World!");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
Serial.println("");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
boolean Serial.available()
/* Serial.available() returns TRUE if there
is data available on the Serial bus. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
Data Types
void // nothing is returned
boolean // 0, 1, false, true
char // 8 bits: ASCII character
byte // 8 bits: 0 to 255, unsigned
int // 16 bits: 32,768 to 32,767, signed
long /* 32 bits: 2,147,483,648
to 2,147,483,647, signed */
float // 32 bits, signed decimal
Constants
HIGH LOW
INPUT OUTPUT
true false
Mathematical Operators
= // assignment
+ // addition
- // subtraction
* // multiplication
/ // division
% // modulus
Logical Operators
== // boolean equal to
!= // not equal to
< // less than
> // greater than
<= // less than or equal to
>= // greater than or equal to
&& // Boolean AND
|| // Boolean OR
! // Boolean NOT
Bitwise Operators
& // bitwise AND
| // bitwise OR
^ // bitwise XOR
~ // bitwise INVERT
var << n // bitwise shift left by n bits
var >> n // bitwise shift right by n bits
Libraries
#include <libraryname.h>
/* this provides access to special
additional functions for things such as
servo motors, SD card, wifi, or bluetooth.
*/
Advanced I/O
tone(pin, freq);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin. Pin must be one of the
PWM (~) pins. */
tone(pin, freq, duration);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin for a duration in
milliseconds. Pin must be one of the PWM (~)
pins. */
noTone(pin);
// Turns off the tone on the pin.
RedBoard:
Power In
LilyPad ProtoSnap Simple:
Digital I/O
PWM(3,5,6,9,10,11)
ATmega328
Microcontroller
Temperature
Sensor
(Pin A1)
Vibe Motor
(Pin 3)
RGB LED
(Pins R=9,
G=11, B=10)
Button
(Pin A5)
Switch
(Pin 2)
Light
Sensor
(Pin A6)
Buzzer/
Speaker
(Pin 7)
LEDs
(Light Emitting Diodes)
(Pins 5, 6, A2, A4, A3)
Power
5V / 3.3 / GND
USB to Computer
Reset
Analog
Inputs
SCL/SDA
(I2C Bus)
ATmega328
Microcontroller](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awj0idobsr6xvpobhxfa-signature-f932cfc5c7a9ee9153a714efa545ff58c9a0c2659f60e032567674ffbf7d932a-poli-140930224426-phpapp02/85/Introduction-to-Arduino-and-Circuits-80-320.jpg)
Uploaded byJason Griffey
Introduction to Arduino and Circuits
The document provides an introduction to Arduino, covering the basics of open hardware, circuits, and programming. It includes example code snippets, a discussion of various components, and suggests DIY projects with breakdowns of potential costs. Additionally, the author encourages creativity in building hardware by presenting various possibilities like sensors and data logging setups.
More Related Content
Similar to Introduction to Arduino and Circuits
Introduction to Arduino and Circuits
- 1. Intro to Arduino The Basics of Open Hardware and Circuits Code4LibDC 2014 Jason Griffey Evenly Distributed LLC http://evenlydistributed.net
- 3. SSID: LibraryBox -Free Content! Connect to wifi signal, then launch/refresh any browser Folder: Code4LibDC http://librarybox.us
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10. Moore’s Law Photoby Marcin Wichary - http://flic.kr/p/4v4DSq
- 11. Koomey’s Law Photoby LisaW123 - http://flic.kr/p/7eiqaq
- 12. Photo by sobczak.paul- http://flic.kr/p/aDD8ep
- 13.
- 14. Photo by bjepson- http://flic.kr/p/8EVHqm
- 16.
- 17.
- 18. Photo by dam- http://flic.kr/p/8hLXBM
- 19. Photo by dam- http://flic.kr/p/8hLXwT
- 20. Photo by dam- http://flic.kr/p/8hQcJs
- 21. Photo by dam- http://flic.kr/p/8hQcDG
- 22. Photo by dam- http://flic.kr/p/8hQcDG
- 23. Photo by NathanChantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd
- 24. Photo by NathanChantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd
- 27. Photo by antonw- http://flic.kr/p/91daJe Shields
- 31.
- 32.
- 35.
- 44.
- 64.
- 66.
- 67.
- 68. int val; ! void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } ! void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); ! if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); ! if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); ! if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); } Globals Setup Loop
- 69. int val; ! void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } ! void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); ! if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); ! if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); ! if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); } Globals Setup Loop
- 70. int val; ! void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } ! void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); ! if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); ! if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); ! if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); } Globals Setup Loop
- 71. int val; ! void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } ! void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); ! if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); ! if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); ! if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); } Globals Setup Loop
- 73.
- 74. Can you: •Change one of the Pin Numbers?
- 75. Can you: •Change one of the Pin Numbers? • Re-wire the ground wires?
- 76. Can you: •Change one of the Pin Numbers? • Re-wire the ground wires? • Change the order the LEDs light up?
- 77. Can you: •Change one of the Pin Numbers? • Re-wire the ground wires? • Change the order the LEDs light up? • Light up 2 LEDs at once?
- 78. Can you: •Change one of the Pin Numbers? • Re-wire the ground wires? • Change the order the LEDs light up? • Light up 2 LEDs at once? • Add another LED?
- 79. Can you: •Change one of the Pin Numbers? • Re-wire the ground wires? • Change the order the LEDs light up? • Light up 2 LEDs at once? • Add another LED? • Swap the sensor?
- 80. Structure /* EachArduino sketch must contain the following two functions. */ void setup() { /* this code runs once at the beginning of the code execution. */ } void loop() { /* this code runs repeatedly over and over as long as the board is powered. */ } Comments // this is a single line /* this is a multiline */ Setup pinMode(pin, [INPUT OUTPUT INPUT_PULLUP]); /* Sets the mode of the digital I/O pin. It can be set as an input, output, or an input with an internal pull-up resistor. */ Control Structures if(condition) { // if condition is TRUE, do something here } else { // otherwise, do this } for(initialization; condition; increment) { // do this } /* The ‘for’ statement is used to repeat a block of statements enclosed in curly braces. An increment counter is usually used to increment and terminate the loop. */ Digital I/O digitalWrite(pin, val); /* val = HIGH or LOW. Sets the digital pin to either ON or OFF. */ int var = digitalRead(pin); /* Reads the voltage from a digital pin. Returns either HIGH or LOW. */ int var = digitalRead(pin); /* Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW. */ Analog I/O analogWrite(pin, val); /* Writes an analog voltage to a pin. val = integer value from 0 to 255 */ int var = analogRead(pin); /* Reads the voltage from the specified analog pin. */ int var = analogRead(pin); /* Reads the value from the specified analog pin. */ Time delay(time_ms); /* Pauses the program for the amount of time (in milliseconds). */ delayMicroseconds(time_us); /* Pauses the program for the amount of time (in microseconds). */ millis(); /* Returns the number of milliseconds since the board began running the current program. max: 4,294,967,295 */ micros(); /* Returns the number of microseconds since the board began running the current program. max: 4,294,967,295 */ Serial Communication Serial.begin(baudrate); /* Sets the data rate in bits per second (baud) for serial data transmission. */ Serial.print(""); /* Sets the data rate in bits per second (baud) for serial data transmission. */ Serial.print("Hello World!!"); /* Sends a string "Hello World!!" to the serial bus. This will be seen on the Serial Monitor in Arduino. */ Serial.println("Hello World!"); /* Identical to Serial.print(), but this also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to advance to the next line. */ Serial.println(""); /* Identical to Serial.print(), but this also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to advance to the next line. */ boolean Serial.available() /* Serial.available() returns TRUE if there is data available on the Serial bus. */ int Serial.read(); /* Returns a single byte of data available from the Serial buffer. */ int Serial.read(); /* Returns a single byte of data available from the Serial buffer. */ Data Types void // nothing is returned boolean // 0, 1, false, true char // 8 bits: ASCII character byte // 8 bits: 0 to 255, unsigned int // 16 bits: 32,768 to 32,767, signed long /* 32 bits: 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647, signed */ float // 32 bits, signed decimal Constants HIGH LOW INPUT OUTPUT true false Mathematical Operators = // assignment + // addition - // subtraction * // multiplication / // division % // modulus Logical Operators == // boolean equal to != // not equal to < // less than > // greater than <= // less than or equal to >= // greater than or equal to && // Boolean AND || // Boolean OR ! // Boolean NOT Bitwise Operators & // bitwise AND | // bitwise OR ^ // bitwise XOR ~ // bitwise INVERT var << n // bitwise shift left by n bits var >> n // bitwise shift right by n bits Libraries #include <libraryname.h> /* this provides access to special additional functions for things such as servo motors, SD card, wifi, or bluetooth. */ Advanced I/O tone(pin, freq); /* Generates a square wave of the specified frequency to a pin. Pin must be one of the PWM (~) pins. */ tone(pin, freq, duration); /* Generates a square wave of the specified frequency to a pin for a duration in milliseconds. Pin must be one of the PWM (~) pins. */ noTone(pin); // Turns off the tone on the pin. RedBoard: Power In LilyPad ProtoSnap Simple: Digital I/O PWM(3,5,6,9,10,11) ATmega328 Microcontroller Temperature Sensor (Pin A1) Vibe Motor (Pin 3) RGB LED (Pins R=9, G=11, B=10) Button (Pin A5) Switch (Pin 2) Light Sensor (Pin A6) Buzzer/ Speaker (Pin 7) LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) (Pins 5, 6, A2, A4, A3) Power 5V / 3.3 / GND USB to Computer Reset Analog Inputs SCL/SDA (I2C Bus) ATmega328 Microcontroller
- 81. Building Your OwnHardware
- 82.
- 83.
- 84.
- 86.
- 87. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35
- 88. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20
- 89. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10
- 90. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10 • Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or PID) - $10
- 91. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10 • Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or PID) - $10 • TOTAL COST - $70
- 92.
- 93.
- 94.
- 99.
- 100. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35
- 101. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20
- 102. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10
- 103. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10 • Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
- 104. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10 • Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10 • LCD Display screen - $15
- 105. Build One Yourself • Arduino - $35 • Data Logger Shield - $20 • SD Card - $10 • Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10 • LCD Display screen - $15 • TOTAL COST - $85
- 106.
- 107. Other Possibilities •RFID Reader
- 108. Other Possibilities •RFID Reader • Barcode Scanner
- 109. Other Possibilities •RFID Reader • Barcode Scanner • Seat usage detector
- 110. Other Possibilities •RFID Reader • Barcode Scanner • Seat usage detector • What else?
- 111.
- 112. Jason Griffey Email:griffey@gmail.com Site: jasongriffey.net gVoice: 423-443-4770 Twitter: @griffey http://librarybox.us http://evenlydistributed.net ! Founder & Principal Consultant http://pinboard.in/u:griffey/ Evenly Distributed LLC