This document provides an introduction to Arduino microcontrollers and programming. It discusses physical computing using sensors and actuators, microcontroller architectures and components. It then introduces the Arduino development board as an open source and easy to use platform for physical computing. The document explains the Arduino IDE, programming structure, data types, functions, and basic programming concepts like digital and analog I/O.
The document provides an introduction to Arduino and physical computing using microcontrollers. It describes that Arduino boards use ATmega microcontrollers and can be programmed to sense the physical world using sensors, process data, and control physical devices using actuators. The document outlines the basic components of a microcontroller, how the Arduino programming environment works, and the basic structure and functions used in Arduino programs.
The document provides an overview of a workshop on Arduino embedded development boards. It discusses the Arduino architecture and components, programming fundamentals using the Arduino IDE, and examples of projects including blinking an LED, controlling an RGB LED using PWM, interfacing sensors like light and temperature, and motor speed control. The document explains concepts like open and closed loop control systems, analog and digital signals, and serial communication. It also introduces the Arduino Uno board and shows examples of circuits using components like an L293D motor driver, temperature sensor, and potentiometer.
This document provides an overview of an Arduino course covering embedded systems and programming. The summary includes:
- The course covers introduction to embedded systems including components, characteristics, and basic structure. It also covers introduction to computer programming concepts for Arduino including variables, operators, control statements, functions, and C language basics.
- The document outlines the Arduino environment including boards, software IDE, sensors, actuators and provides examples of electronic components like LEDs, buttons, and code for digital input/output and serial communication.
- Finally, the course covers creating circuit diagrams and interfacing with common modules like LCD displays, ultrasonic sensors, relays, Bluetooth and DC motors.
This document provides an overview of an Arduino course covering embedded systems and programming. The summary includes:
- The course covers introduction to embedded systems including components, characteristics, and basic structure. It also covers introduction to computer programming concepts for Arduino like variables, operators, and control statements.
- The Arduino environment and programming is explained including the board, IDE, sensors, actuators and communication. Common electronic components and modules used with Arduino like LEDs, buttons, LCDs, ultrasonic sensors, and Bluetooth are described.
- The document concludes with a section on circuit diagrams for Arduino projects. Key concepts around pins, analog/digital input/output, pulse width modulation, delay, and
The document provides an overview of an Arduino workshop that covers embedded systems and the Arduino development board. It includes sections on Arduino basics, architecture, components, programming fundamentals, and example projects interfacing LEDs, sensors and actuators. The workshop introduces concepts like open and closed loop control systems. It also explains the Arduino IDE, basic coding structures like setup and loop functions, and how to interface common electronic components like sensors, displays and motors to an Arduino board. Project examples include blinking an LED, controlling an RGB LED using PWM, reading from light and temperature sensors, and controlling motor speed.
This document provides an overview of the Arduino Uno microcontroller board. It defines a microcontroller as a single-chip computer containing a CPU, memory, and input/output interfaces. The Arduino is an open-source electronics platform with easy-to-use hardware and software that allows anyone to develop interactive electronic projects. Key specifications of the Arduino Uno board are provided, including its microcontroller chip, memory, analog and digital pins. The process of analog to digital conversion is explained. Basic Arduino programming concepts like data types, statements, operators, and control structures are covered. The bare minimum code structure of setup() and loop() functions is described.
This document provides an overview of how to use Arduino microcontrollers for beginners. It explains what Arduino is, the basic components and programming structure used in Arduino, and how to get started with coding and hardware setup. The key aspects covered include computers and programming languages, microcontrollers and their applications, Arduino development boards, initial setup steps, basics of Arduino coding like initialization, setup, loop, and user defined functions. It also discusses analog and digital signals, serial communication, and tips for wiring and coding Arduino projects.
This document provides an overview of Arduino programming concepts including:
- Microcontrollers contain a CPU, memory, input/output pins and other peripherals on a single integrated circuit.
- Arduino is an open-source electronics platform with a microcontroller, pins to connect circuits, and software to program it.
- The core Arduino functions include setup(), loop(), pinMode(), digitalWrite(), digitalRead(), analogWrite(), analogRead(), and delay().
- Examples demonstrate blinking LEDs, reading input, using conditions and loops, arrays, LCD displays, and controlling servo motors.
- Arduino programming provides an accessible way to learn embedded systems and interact with circuits.
The document provides an introduction to Arduino and physical computing using microcontrollers. It describes that Arduino boards use ATmega microcontrollers and can be programmed to sense the physical world using sensors, process data, and control physical devices using actuators. The document outlines the basic components of a microcontroller, how the Arduino programming environment works, and the basic structure and functions used in Arduino programs.
The document provides an overview of a workshop on Arduino embedded development boards. It discusses the Arduino architecture and components, programming fundamentals using the Arduino IDE, and examples of projects including blinking an LED, controlling an RGB LED using PWM, interfacing sensors like light and temperature, and motor speed control. The document explains concepts like open and closed loop control systems, analog and digital signals, and serial communication. It also introduces the Arduino Uno board and shows examples of circuits using components like an L293D motor driver, temperature sensor, and potentiometer.
This document provides an overview of an Arduino course covering embedded systems and programming. The summary includes:
- The course covers introduction to embedded systems including components, characteristics, and basic structure. It also covers introduction to computer programming concepts for Arduino including variables, operators, control statements, functions, and C language basics.
- The document outlines the Arduino environment including boards, software IDE, sensors, actuators and provides examples of electronic components like LEDs, buttons, and code for digital input/output and serial communication.
- Finally, the course covers creating circuit diagrams and interfacing with common modules like LCD displays, ultrasonic sensors, relays, Bluetooth and DC motors.
This document provides an overview of an Arduino course covering embedded systems and programming. The summary includes:
- The course covers introduction to embedded systems including components, characteristics, and basic structure. It also covers introduction to computer programming concepts for Arduino like variables, operators, and control statements.
- The Arduino environment and programming is explained including the board, IDE, sensors, actuators and communication. Common electronic components and modules used with Arduino like LEDs, buttons, LCDs, ultrasonic sensors, and Bluetooth are described.
- The document concludes with a section on circuit diagrams for Arduino projects. Key concepts around pins, analog/digital input/output, pulse width modulation, delay, and
The document provides an overview of an Arduino workshop that covers embedded systems and the Arduino development board. It includes sections on Arduino basics, architecture, components, programming fundamentals, and example projects interfacing LEDs, sensors and actuators. The workshop introduces concepts like open and closed loop control systems. It also explains the Arduino IDE, basic coding structures like setup and loop functions, and how to interface common electronic components like sensors, displays and motors to an Arduino board. Project examples include blinking an LED, controlling an RGB LED using PWM, reading from light and temperature sensors, and controlling motor speed.
This document provides an overview of the Arduino Uno microcontroller board. It defines a microcontroller as a single-chip computer containing a CPU, memory, and input/output interfaces. The Arduino is an open-source electronics platform with easy-to-use hardware and software that allows anyone to develop interactive electronic projects. Key specifications of the Arduino Uno board are provided, including its microcontroller chip, memory, analog and digital pins. The process of analog to digital conversion is explained. Basic Arduino programming concepts like data types, statements, operators, and control structures are covered. The bare minimum code structure of setup() and loop() functions is described.
This document provides an overview of how to use Arduino microcontrollers for beginners. It explains what Arduino is, the basic components and programming structure used in Arduino, and how to get started with coding and hardware setup. The key aspects covered include computers and programming languages, microcontrollers and their applications, Arduino development boards, initial setup steps, basics of Arduino coding like initialization, setup, loop, and user defined functions. It also discusses analog and digital signals, serial communication, and tips for wiring and coding Arduino projects.
This document provides an overview of Arduino programming concepts including:
- Microcontrollers contain a CPU, memory, input/output pins and other peripherals on a single integrated circuit.
- Arduino is an open-source electronics platform with a microcontroller, pins to connect circuits, and software to program it.
- The core Arduino functions include setup(), loop(), pinMode(), digitalWrite(), digitalRead(), analogWrite(), analogRead(), and delay().
- Examples demonstrate blinking LEDs, reading input, using conditions and loops, arrays, LCD displays, and controlling servo motors.
- Arduino programming provides an accessible way to learn embedded systems and interact with circuits.
This document provides an overview of microcontrollers and the Arduino platform. It discusses what a microcontroller is and some common types. It then introduces Arduino as an open-source prototyping platform using easy hardware and software. Several Arduino boards are described and the ATmega328p microcontroller chip is specified. The document outlines how to download the Arduino software and write programs. It provides examples of basic Arduino projects like blinking LEDs, reading sensors, and creating sounds.
This document provides an overview of microcontrollers and the Arduino platform. It discusses what a microcontroller is and some common types. It then introduces Arduino as an open-source prototyping platform using easy hardware and software. Several Arduino boards are described and the ATmega328p microcontroller chip is specified. The document outlines how to download the Arduino software and write programs. It provides examples of basic Arduino projects like blinking LEDs, reading sensors, and creating sounds.
Arduino is an open-source project that created microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board and development environment that can sense the environment using inputs from sensors and affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The document discusses the hardware architecture of Arduino, including the different types of Arduino boards, the components of an Arduino Uno board, and the architecture of the Atmega328 microcontroller chip used in Arduino boards. It describes the microcontroller's memory types including flash memory, SRAM, and EEPROM.
The document summarizes the architecture and components of the Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega328p. It uses an 8-bit AVR RISC architecture with 32 general purpose registers. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, and is powered by a 16MHz crystal oscillator. The microcontroller contains all the necessary components to support programming and interfacing, including serial communication interfaces like SPI, I2C, and USART. It also has a comparator module, PWM channels, watchdog timer, and supports both internal and external oscillators.
This document provides an overview of Arduino microcontrollers and the Arduino Uno development board. It discusses what a microcontroller and development board are, different Arduino board types, an overview of the Arduino Uno specifications including pins, memory, and processor. It also covers Arduino programming basics like digital input/output, analog to digital conversion, timing functions, and the Arduino IDE.
The document provides an overview of learning objectives and topics for an introduction to Arduino lecture, including:
- How to use a potentiometer as a sensor and identify input/output ports of an Arduino.
- What an Arduino is, its boards and IDE software.
- Why Arduinos are popular for electronics projects.
- How Arduinos will be used in labs, including acquiring sensor data and sending signals to systems using code.
Introduction to Arduino Hardware and ProgrammingEmmanuel Obot
Introduction to Arduino Hardware and Programming:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects.
Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics. Designers and architects build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for installations and to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build many of the projects exhibited at the Maker Faire. Arduino is a key tool to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers can use it to build an interactive device.
The document discusses the Arduino UNO board. It describes the components of the board including the ATmega328 microcontroller and digital and analog pins. It explains how to program the board using the Arduino IDE and connect it to a computer via USB. The steps to get started with the board are outlined, including installing drivers and uploading code to control digital pins using functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and delay().
1.Gives basic idea about what is arduino? and their funtionalites.
2. Applications of arduino
3. Adruino programming
4. what is Nodemcu ?
5. pindiagram of Nodemcu
The document provides an introduction to Arduino boards. It describes that Arduinos contain a microcontroller and can be programmed to interact with electronic components. The specific board being discussed, the Arduino Uno R3, contains an ATmega328 chip, has ports for digital and analog input/output, and can be expanded with shields. The document also outlines how to install the Arduino IDE software and provides an example code to fade an LED on and off.
The document discusses various topics related to Internet of Things (IoT) including IoT concepts to master, embedded systems, Arduino boards, analog and digital input/output, serial communication, cloud platforms, IoT protocols like MQTT and CoAP. It provides an overview of getting started with Arduino, interfacing sensors like PIR, and communicating with cloud platforms.
The document discusses various topics related to Internet of Things (IoT) including IoT hardware, software, networks, protocols, cloud platforms, and programming concepts. It describes setting up an Arduino board, writing code for sensors, analog and digital input/output, and serial communication. Examples of interfacing a PIR motion sensor and mapping analog sensor values to PWM output are provided. Popular IoT protocols like MQTT and CoAP are introduced along with several cloud platforms for connecting IoT devices to the cloud.
Microcontroller from basic_to_advancedImran Sheikh
The document discusses various topics related to embedded systems and microcontrollers including:
- Architectures like Von Neumann, Harvard and modified Harvard
- Types of microcontrollers like 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit
- Programming languages and IDEs used for embedded programming
- Common development boards and microcontrollers
- Memory types, buses, I/O and basic operation of microcontrollers
- Interfacing sensors and actuators to microcontrollers
The document provides an overview of Arduino sketch basics including comments, variables, functions, and common functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and delay(). It describes how sketches use special setup() and loop() functions. It also gives examples of blinking an LED using these functions and techniques. Finally, it provides a problem to write a sketch that blinks an LED in Morse code for SOS using dot() and dash() functions.
A webinar presented to the members of EUROAVIA Patras as an introduction to the Arduino microcontroller. It goes over the basics of the controllers features and capabilities, and guides the participant through their first steps of programming an Arduino using C++.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Internet of Things (IoT) technology taught by Dr. Syed Mustafa at HKBK College of Engineering, Bengaluru. It covers key modules including IoT physical devices and endpoints such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi. The Arduino section describes the Arduino microcontroller board and its components. It also covers Arduino programming basics like setup and loop functions, input/output functions, variables, conditional statements, and serial communication. The Raspberry Pi section provides an overview of the single-board computer and its hardware layout.
This document provides an overview of microcontrollers and the Arduino platform. It discusses what a microcontroller is and some common types. It then introduces Arduino as an open-source prototyping platform using easy hardware and software. Several Arduino boards are described and the ATmega328p microcontroller chip is specified. The document outlines how to download the Arduino software and write programs. It provides examples of basic Arduino projects like blinking LEDs, reading sensors, and creating sounds.
This document provides an overview of microcontrollers and the Arduino platform. It discusses what a microcontroller is and some common types. It then introduces Arduino as an open-source prototyping platform using easy hardware and software. Several Arduino boards are described and the ATmega328p microcontroller chip is specified. The document outlines how to download the Arduino software and write programs. It provides examples of basic Arduino projects like blinking LEDs, reading sensors, and creating sounds.
Arduino is an open-source project that created microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board and development environment that can sense the environment using inputs from sensors and affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The document discusses the hardware architecture of Arduino, including the different types of Arduino boards, the components of an Arduino Uno board, and the architecture of the Atmega328 microcontroller chip used in Arduino boards. It describes the microcontroller's memory types including flash memory, SRAM, and EEPROM.
The document summarizes the architecture and components of the Arduino Uno microcontroller ATmega328p. It uses an 8-bit AVR RISC architecture with 32 general purpose registers. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, and is powered by a 16MHz crystal oscillator. The microcontroller contains all the necessary components to support programming and interfacing, including serial communication interfaces like SPI, I2C, and USART. It also has a comparator module, PWM channels, watchdog timer, and supports both internal and external oscillators.
This document provides an overview of Arduino microcontrollers and the Arduino Uno development board. It discusses what a microcontroller and development board are, different Arduino board types, an overview of the Arduino Uno specifications including pins, memory, and processor. It also covers Arduino programming basics like digital input/output, analog to digital conversion, timing functions, and the Arduino IDE.
The document provides an overview of learning objectives and topics for an introduction to Arduino lecture, including:
- How to use a potentiometer as a sensor and identify input/output ports of an Arduino.
- What an Arduino is, its boards and IDE software.
- Why Arduinos are popular for electronics projects.
- How Arduinos will be used in labs, including acquiring sensor data and sending signals to systems using code.
Introduction to Arduino Hardware and ProgrammingEmmanuel Obot
Introduction to Arduino Hardware and Programming:
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects.
Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics. Designers and architects build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for installations and to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build many of the projects exhibited at the Maker Faire. Arduino is a key tool to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers can use it to build an interactive device.
The document discusses the Arduino UNO board. It describes the components of the board including the ATmega328 microcontroller and digital and analog pins. It explains how to program the board using the Arduino IDE and connect it to a computer via USB. The steps to get started with the board are outlined, including installing drivers and uploading code to control digital pins using functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and delay().
1.Gives basic idea about what is arduino? and their funtionalites.
2. Applications of arduino
3. Adruino programming
4. what is Nodemcu ?
5. pindiagram of Nodemcu
The document provides an introduction to Arduino boards. It describes that Arduinos contain a microcontroller and can be programmed to interact with electronic components. The specific board being discussed, the Arduino Uno R3, contains an ATmega328 chip, has ports for digital and analog input/output, and can be expanded with shields. The document also outlines how to install the Arduino IDE software and provides an example code to fade an LED on and off.
The document discusses various topics related to Internet of Things (IoT) including IoT concepts to master, embedded systems, Arduino boards, analog and digital input/output, serial communication, cloud platforms, IoT protocols like MQTT and CoAP. It provides an overview of getting started with Arduino, interfacing sensors like PIR, and communicating with cloud platforms.
The document discusses various topics related to Internet of Things (IoT) including IoT hardware, software, networks, protocols, cloud platforms, and programming concepts. It describes setting up an Arduino board, writing code for sensors, analog and digital input/output, and serial communication. Examples of interfacing a PIR motion sensor and mapping analog sensor values to PWM output are provided. Popular IoT protocols like MQTT and CoAP are introduced along with several cloud platforms for connecting IoT devices to the cloud.
Microcontroller from basic_to_advancedImran Sheikh
The document discusses various topics related to embedded systems and microcontrollers including:
- Architectures like Von Neumann, Harvard and modified Harvard
- Types of microcontrollers like 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit
- Programming languages and IDEs used for embedded programming
- Common development boards and microcontrollers
- Memory types, buses, I/O and basic operation of microcontrollers
- Interfacing sensors and actuators to microcontrollers
The document provides an overview of Arduino sketch basics including comments, variables, functions, and common functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and delay(). It describes how sketches use special setup() and loop() functions. It also gives examples of blinking an LED using these functions and techniques. Finally, it provides a problem to write a sketch that blinks an LED in Morse code for SOS using dot() and dash() functions.
A webinar presented to the members of EUROAVIA Patras as an introduction to the Arduino microcontroller. It goes over the basics of the controllers features and capabilities, and guides the participant through their first steps of programming an Arduino using C++.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Internet of Things (IoT) technology taught by Dr. Syed Mustafa at HKBK College of Engineering, Bengaluru. It covers key modules including IoT physical devices and endpoints such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi. The Arduino section describes the Arduino microcontroller board and its components. It also covers Arduino programming basics like setup and loop functions, input/output functions, variables, conditional statements, and serial communication. The Raspberry Pi section provides an overview of the single-board computer and its hardware layout.
Similar to introductiontoarduino-111120102058-phpapp02.pdf (20)
1) The document discusses domains and ranges of functions. It defines domain as the set of all possible input values, and range as the set of all output values.
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This document covers properties and techniques for evaluating limits, including:
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Sensors are devices that detect physical inputs from the environment and convert them into electrical signals. They work by detecting changes in the environment and converting physical quantities to electrical signals. The document discusses sensors' working principles and types, and notes that future technologies will integrate sensors with artificial intelligence and smart homes to enhance automation, optimize urban infrastructure, and advance health monitoring through miniaturized sensors.
This document contains 5 differential equations to solve as homework problems: (1) a second order linear equation, (2) an exact equation involving xy terms, (3) a separable first order equation with fractional coefficients, (4) an exact first order equation involving x and y, (5) another separable first order equation involving x and y terms.
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The document provides an overview of PIC microcontrollers, specifically the PIC16F877 microcontroller. It discusses the agenda which includes what a microcontroller is, types of microcontrollers, features and internal structure of the PIC16F877A, and instruction execution. It then covers the specific topics of the PIC16F877A's memory, registers, architecture, peripheral features including I/O ports, analog-to-digital converter, and timer/counter modules.
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Cramer's rule is a method for solving systems of linear equations. It involves calculating the determinants of matrices. For a system of n variables (x1, x2, ..., xn) written in matrix form AX = B, the value of each variable is calculated as the determinant of the coefficient matrix with one column replaced by the constants column, divided by the determinant of the coefficient matrix. For a 2x2 system, Cramer's rule involves calculating the determinants D, Dx1, and Dx2. For a 3x3 system, the determinants are D, Dx1, Dx2, and Dx3. An example of applying Cramer's rule to a 2x
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The document describes various x86 assembly language instructions including:
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Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
2. Physical computing
Developing solutions that implement a software to interact with
elements in the physical universe.
1. Sensors convert signals from the physical world to
information to the computing device.
2. Processing this data via the computational device
3. Performing physical actions using actuators
3. Microcontrollers
• Microcontrollers are small computers integrated into a single chip.
• They contain
1. Processor core
2. Flash Memory for program
3. I/O peripherals
4. RAM
5. Peripherals such as clocks, timers, PWM etc
• Microprocessors are used for general purpose applications while
microcontrollers are self sufficient and are used for specific tasks.
• MCU are an example of embedded systems.
4. Microcontroller architectures
• ATMEL – 32 bit RISC AVR architecture
• IBM PowerPC family – sold to AMCC
• Analogue Device – ARM architecture and Blackfin (DSP)
• Microchip – PIC architecture
6. Parts of an MCU
• CPU: central processing unit that may contain a 8-bit, 16-bit or
32-bit processor.
• RAM: for volatile data storage.
• ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program and
operating parameter storage
• discrete input and output PINS
• serial input/output such as serial ports (UARTs)
• peripherals such as timers, event counters, PWM generators,
and watchdog
• clock generator
• analog-to-digital converters
• digital-to-analog converters
• in-circuit programming and debugging support
7. Programming Microcontrollers
Programming microcontrollers is usually hard and expensive:
• Obtaining the microcontroller
• Making the programming circuit
• Writing the program into a target language and compiler
• Flashing the program onto the chip
• Removing the chip from programming circuit to application
circuit
• Testing and debugging
• Proprietary technology is expensive
8. Enter the Arduino
• The Arduino is an open source development board for the
AVR series of microcontrollers for physical computing.
• Can input a variety of sensor data.
• Can communicate with programs on computer easily.
• Can control a variety of motors, lights and other devices.
• Advantages
1. Cheap
2. Open source hardware and software
3. Easy learning curve
4. Extensible
9. Freeduino
• Exactly the same as the Arduino.
• Developed as a clone for IP purposes only as open hardware.
11. Microcontroller
Microcontroller ATmega328p
Operating Voltage 5V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
Flash Memory 16 KB (of which 2 KB used by bootloader)
SRAM 1 KB
EEPROM 512 bytes
Clock Speed (via XTAL) 16 MHz
13. Powering it up
• Has a jumper that can switch between 5V from USB and a 9V
input jack through a 7805.
• External power can be connected via a 2.1mm standard jack.
Normal adaptors that fit and are 6V-12V can be used.
• If power supply is <5V, board may become unstable
• If power supply >12V, board may overheat
• GND, VIN, 5V and 3.3V are present for powering peripherals.
14. The bootloader
• Programming a microcontroller is usually done by specific
programmer circuits like AVR-MKll, USBtiny
• ISP and JTAG are protocols to burn code onto microcontrollers
• The arduino comes preloaded with code called the bootloader
( taking 2K of memory) that looks for programs coming
through the serial port and moves it into the program memory
for execution.
• If bootloader is damaged for any reason it can be restored by
an ICSP programmer.
15. FTDI serial to USB
• Microcontrollers like the atmega328 have only serial port
using the USART for external communication.
• The arduino design includes a FTDI chip that acts as a Serial to
USB link.
• The USB cable connected to the computer shows up as a
virtual COM port and behaves exactly like a serial port.
• Latest Drivers can be found at the downloads section of the
FTDI website. (use google)
17. Important PINS on the board
• All arduino pins operate at 5V, 40mA.
DO NOT EXCEED THAT RATING!
• 0(RX) and 1(TX) are the serial port pins. These pins go to the FTDI
chip also. You can tap the serial data from here if you want. These
pins are also connected to LED so you can see when there is data
being transferred.
• 2 & 3 : External Interrupts. These pins can be used as INT0 and INT1
respectively for calling an externally generated interrupt.
• 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 : PWM : These pins can generate an 8-bit pulse
width modulated output.
• LED: 13 an LED provided on the arduino board itself.
• AREF: used for external analogue signal reference for the ADC
18. The Arduino IDE
• The arduino is an open
source IDE developed from
wiring.
• Get the latest IDE (0022)
from the website
• Extract it and double click
arduino.exe
• Since the program is written
in JAVA.. It might have some
issues on win7 x64 systems.
(to solve, just wait.. Its hangs
for a bit occasionally)
19. The Arduino IDE
• The arduino is programmed in C language.
• The language is very simple and provides many abstraction for
simplicity of reading and writing powerfull applications.
• The Arduino IDE can be used write the bootloader onto any
MCU via ICSP making it an “arduino”.
• It provides a serial monitor to see the serial data from the USB
virtual COM port.
• Allows ofr one click compiling, verification and burning of code
onto the arduino.
21. Programming for Arduino
This is the basic structure of any arduino program.
Setup is for program setup and variable initialization
Loop containg code for the working of the program.
//global declaration area for header files and such (none needed by default)
void setup()
{
statements here get executed once;
}
void loop()
{
statements here keep getting executed indefinitely;
}
22. Setup()
• All code contained in this function is executed once.
• REQUIRED function for an arduino program to compile
void setup()
{
pinMode(pin, OUTPUT); // sets the 'pin' as output
}
23. loop()
• All code contained in this function is executed repeatedly.
• This program is responsible for all the arduino boards
functionality.
• REQUIRED function for an arduino program to compile
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); // turns 'pin' on
delay(1000); // pauses for one second
digitalWrite(pin, LOW); // turns 'pin' off
delay(1000); // pauses for one second
}
24. Available data types in Arduino IDE
• void
• boolean
• char ( 0 – 255)
• byte - 8 bit data ( 0 – 255)
• int - 16-bit data (32,767 - -32,768)
• long – 32 bit data (2,147,483,647 to -2,147,483,648)
• float
• double
• string - char array
• String - object
• array
25. Arithmetic
• Arithmetic operators include addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division.
• Remember the point of variable rollover and also what happens
then: e.g. (0 - 1) OR (0 - - 32768).
• For math that requires fractions, you can use float variables, if you
can bear large size and slow computation speeds in your
microcontroller.
y = y + 3;
x = x - 7;
i = j * 6;
r = r / 5;
26. Comparison operators
• Comparisons of one variable or constant against another are
often used in if statements to test if a specified condition is
true.
x == y // x is equal to y
x != y // x is not equal to y
x < y // x is less than y
x > y // x is greater than y
x <= y // x is less than or equal to y
x >= y // x is greater than or equal to y
27. Logical operators
• Logical operators are usually a way to logically combine two
expressions and return a TRUE or FALSE depending on the operator.
• There are three logical operators, AND, OR, and NOT.
Logical AND:
if (x > 0 && x < 5) // true only if both expressions are true
Logical OR:
if (x > 0 || y > 0) // true if either expression is true
Logical NOT:
if (!x > 0) // true only if expression is false
28. TRUE/FALSE
• These are Boolean constants that define logic levels of the arduino.
• FALSE is easily defined as 0 (zero)
• TRUE is often defined as 1, but can also be anything else except
zero. So in a Boolean sense, -1, 2, and -200 are all also defined as
TRUE.
if (abcd== TRUE);
{
DoSomethingNice;
}
else
{
DoSomethingHorrible;
}
29. HIGH/LOW
• These constants define pin levels as HIGH or LOW and are
used when reading or writing to digital pins.
• HIGH is defined as logic level 1, ON, or 5 volts
• LOW is logic level 0, OFF, or 0 volts.
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
30. INPUT/OUTPUT
• These constants define pin levels as HIGH or LOW and are
used when reading or writing to digital pins.
• HIGH is defined as logic level 1, ON, or 5 volts
• LOW is logic level 0, OFF, or 0 volts.
pinmode(13, OUTPUT);
31. Writing custom functions
• Functions are named blocks of code that can be called
repeatedly.
• Use functions to reduce clutter and perform repeated tasks.
• Functions can return datatypes as required.
int delayVal()
{
int v; // create temporary variable 'v'
v = analogRead(pot); // read potentiometer value
v /= 4; // converts 0-1023 to 0-255
return v; // return final value
}
32. Arrays
• An array is a collection of values that are accessed with an
index number.
• Arrays are zero indexed, with the first value in the array
beginning at index number 0.
int myArray[5]; // declares integer array w/ 6 positions
myArray[3] = 10; // assigns the 4th index the value 10
int x;
x = myArray[3]; // x now equals 10
33. int ledPin = 10; // LED on pin 10
byte flikr[] = {160, 130, 5, 20, 100, 30, 110, 25};
// above array of 8
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets OUTPUT pin
}
void loop()
{
for(int i=0; i<7; i++) // looping though array
{
analogWrite(ledPin, flikr[i]); // write index value
delay(200); // pause 200ms
}
}
34. Pinmode(pin,mode)
• Used in void setup() to decide whether a specified pin must
behave either as an INPUT or an OUTPUT pin.
• Arduino digital pins are input by default, but still use
pinmode() for brevity.
• Pins configured as INPUT are said to be in a high-impedance
state so don’t try to load this pin externally.. It’ll fry.
• Pins configured as OUTPUT are said to be in a low-impedance
state and can provide 40 mA of current to the load.
• Can be used to brightly light up an LED sound a buzzer but not
motors, solenoids etc..
pinMode(pin, INPUT); // set ‘pin’ to input
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH); // turn on pullup resistors
35. digitalRead(pin)
• Reads the value from a specified digital pin with the result
either HIGH or LOW.
• The pin can be specified as either a variable or constant (0-13).
value = digitalRead(Pin); // sets 'value' equal to the input pin
36. digitalwrite(pin,value)
• Outputs either logic level HIGH or LOW at (turns on or off) a
specified digital pin. The pin can be specified as either a
variable or constant (0-13).
int led = 13; // connect LED to pin 13
int pin = 7; // connect pushbutton to pin 7
int value = 0; // variable to store the read value
void setup()
{
pinMode(led, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as output
pinMode(pin, INPUT); // sets pin 7 as input
}
void loop()
{
value = digitalRead(pin); // sets 'value' equal to I/P pin
digitalWrite(led, value); // sets 'led' to the
}
37. analogread(pin)
• Reads the value from a specified analog pin with a 10-bit resolution.
T
• his function only works on the analog in pins (0-5). The resulting
integer values range from 0 to 1023.
• Analogue pins do not need to be set by using pinmode
• A0 – A6 are the analoge pins
value = analogRead(A0); // sets 'value' equal to A0
38. analogwrite(pin,value)
• Writes a analog value using hardware enabled pulse width
modulation (PWM) by internal timers to an output pin marked
as PWM ONLY.
int led = 10; // LED with 220 resistor on pin 10
int pin = 0; // potentiometer on analog pin 0
int value; // value for reading
void setup(){} // no setup needed
void loop()
{
value = analogRead(pin); // sets 'value' equal to 'pin'
value /= 4; // converts 0-1023 to 0-255
analogWrite(led, value); // outputs PWM signal to led
}
39. Serial.begin(rate)
• Opens serial port and sets the baud rate for serial data
transmission.
• The typical baud rate for communicating with the computer is
9600.
• If you get garbage values, check if baude rate matches.
• Always in setup()
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // opens serial port
}
40. Serial.println(data)
• Prints data to the serial port, followed by an automatic
carriage return and line feed.
• This command takes the same form as Serial.print(), but is
easier for reading data on the Serial Monitor.
Serial.println(analogread(A0)); //sends A0 value to serial port
41. Other available functions
• Pointer access operators * &
• Random() and randomseed() for random number generation
• Sin(), cos() and tan() functions
• Delayms() and delay()
• Various math function, abs(), pow(), sqrt() etc
• Attachinterrupt() and Detachinterrupt() for interrupt programming
• All compund operators, structures and class functionality of C/C++
42. The arduino Sketch
• A sketch is the name that Arduino uses for a program. It's the
unit of code that is uploaded to and run on an Arduino board.
• Sketches are stored in .pde format. Openable only by the
arduino IDE.
• If you have issues burning code onto the arduino, check
http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Troubleshooting for tips.
43. Steps in Arduino programming.
• Open the IDE
• Write code and logic
• Click the verify/compile button to check your program for
errors.
• Attach the arduino via USB to the PC.
• Install drivers if first time.
• Set up serial port being used.
• Set up board you are programming.
• Click upload code to send code to arduino.