Arduino by bishal bhattarai IOE, Pashchimanchal Campus Pokhara, Nepal

GENERATING
PROJECTS IDEA
ON
bishalbtry@gmail.com
1
BY:BISHAL BHATTARAI
IOE, Pashchimanchal Campus
Pokhara, Nepal

TOPICS:
1. Introduction to Arduino
2. Arduino Boards
3. Integrated Development Environment-IDE
4. What it can do?
5. Why arduino?
6. Arduino Uno complete description
7. Projects
bishalbtry@gmail.com 2

1. Introduction:
• First Arduino was introduced in 2005
• Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform
• It is based on easy-to-use hardware and software
• Microcontroller board design manufactured
primarily by Smart Projects in Italy
Open Source
Hardware

2. Arduino Boards:

2. Arduino Boards cont…
Arduino miniFLORA

3. Integrated Development
Environment(IDE):
•IDE a cross-platform application written in Java
• Designed to introduce programming to artists and
other newcomers unfamiliar with software development
• Code editor with features such as:
i. syntax highlighting
ii. brace matching
iii. automatic indentation
• Compiling and uploading programs to the board with
a single click
• A program or code written for Arduino is called a
"sketch”
• Arduino programs are written in C or C++

3. IDE cont…
• The Arduino IDE comes with a software
library called "Wiring”
• Two functions to make an executable cyclic
executive program:
•setup(): function run once at the start of a
program that can initialize settings
•loop(): function called repeatedly until the
board powers off

3. IDE cont…
Functions in Setup()
1. pinMode(13,OUTPUT)://makes pin 13 as output pin
2. pinMode(8, INPUT);//makes pin 8 as input pin
3. Serial.begin(9600) ;//starts serial communication
with Baudrate 9600
Functions in loop()
• 1. digitalWrite(13, HIGH): makes pin 13 high ie pin13=ON;
• 2. delay(500) : delays system by 500 ms.
• 3. analogRead() : Reads analog value
• 4. analogWrite() : writes anlog value(PWM)
• 5. Serial.print() : Prints at serial monitor
• 6. Serial.println() : prints at serial monitor with line break

3. IDE cont…
1.Verify
2.Upload
3.NEW
4.Open :Library,
example
5.Save
7.Message Panel
6.Code Panel
*Port connected to
IDE/Arduino board
*Tool: port setting, board
selection
*Serial
Monitor

4. What it can do?
• Sensors ( to sense stuff )
– Push buttons*, touch pads, tilt switches.
– Variable resistors* (eg. volume knob / sliders)
– Photoresistors* (sensing light levels)
– Thermistors* (temperature)
– Ultrasound (proximity range finder)
• Actuators ( to do stuff )
– Lights, LED’s*
– Motors*
– Speakers
– Displays (LCD)*

5.Why Arduino?
• Simplify working with microcontr
• Inexpensive compare to other u-controller
platform
• Cross platform
• Simple, clear programming environment
• Simple, clear programming environment
• Open source and extensible hardware

6.Arduino Uno Description:
Digital output
~: PWM.
1,0: Serial port Tx
and Rx
In circuit Serial
programming
Atmel
MicroController
Analog input.
Power out and In
USB port for
power or
programming
12v Power
input
13 pin LED
POWER
on/off LED

6.Arduino Uno Description cont..

7. Projects Idea:
1. LED Blink program
2. LED Fading
3. Variable Resistor controlled LED Blink
4. Variable Resistor controlled LED Intensity
5. LCD Interface
6. Keyboard Interface

7. Projects Idea cont…
7. Digital thermometer
8. Motor control via Button
9. Variable Resistor Controlled Servo Motor
10. Ultra Sonic Sensor Interface for Distance
calculation

1. LED BLINK
// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the
board
void setup() {
// initialize digital pin 13 as an output.
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {
digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(100); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(13 LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(100); // wait for a second
}

1. LED BLINK
Proteus circuit

2.LED FADING:
int ledPin = 9; // LED connected to digital pin 9
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // nothing happens in setup
}
void loop() {
// fade in from min to max in increments of 5 points:
for (int fadeValue = 0 ; fadeValue <= 255; fadeValue += 5) {
analogWrite(ledPin, fadeValue);
// wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect
delay(30);

2.LED FADING cont….
}
// fade out from max to min in increments of 5 points:
for (int fadeValue = 255 ; fadeValue >= 0; fadeValue -= 5)
{
// sets the value (range from 0 to 255):
analogWrite(ledPin, fadeValue);
// wait for 30 milliseconds to see the dimming effect
delay(30);
}
}

2.LED FADING
Proteus circuit:

3.Variable resistor controlled
LED BLINK

3.Variable resistor controlled
LED BLINK cont..
int sensorPin = A0; // select the input pin for the potentiometer
int ledPin = 13; // select the pin for the LED
int sensorValue = 0; // variable to store the value coming from the sensor
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(lsensorPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(sensorValue);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(sensorValue);
}

4. Variable resistor controlled
LED Intensity
Do Yourself……..
IDEA to program this:
1. Read variable resistor value assign it to ‘C’
2. Convert this ‘C’ value so that you supply that
amount voltage to output pin
3. write this value to PWM pin using
analogWrite() function

LCD Introduction:

6.LCD Interface:
*4 to 4lcd
*5 to 6lcd
*6,7,8,9
To 11, 12
13, 14 resp
*VSS , R/W to Gnd
*VDD to power

6.LCD Interface:
• #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
• LiquidCrystal lcd(4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); // pins for RS, E, DB4, DB5, DB6, DB7
• void setup()
• {
• lcd.begin(16,2);
• lcd.clear();
• }
• void loop()
• {
• lcd.setCursor(5,0);
• lcd.print("Hello");
• lcd.print("world!");
• delay(10000);
• }

7. Keyboard interface:

7. Keyboard interface:
LCD:RS,E,11,12,13,14
To:A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5
*Vss –Gnd, *VDD-power
*R/W- Gnd
Keyboard:
(8,7,6)A to (1,2,3)K
(5,4,3,2)A to (ABCD)K
5
4
3
2
8 7 6

7. Keyboard interface cont..
• #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
• #include <Keypad.h>
• LiquidCrystal lcd(A0,A1,A2, A3, A4, A5);
• const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows
• const byte COLS = 3; //three columns
• char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
• {'1','2','3'},
• {'4','5','6'},
• {'7','8','9'},
• {'*','0','#'}
• };
• byte rowPins[ROWS] = {5, 4, 3, 2}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
• byte colPins[COLS] = {8, 7, 6}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad
• Keypad keypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS );

7. Keyboard interface cont..
• void setup(){
• lcd.begin(16,2);
• lcd.clear();
• keypad.setHoldTime(500); // Default is 1000mS
• keypad.setDebounceTime(50); // Default is 50mS
• }
• void loop(){
• char key = keypad.getKey();
• if(key)
• {
• lcd.print(key);
• }
• }

8. Digital thermometer:
REQUREMENT:
16X2 LCD
Arduino uno

Circuit Diagram

CODE:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
int sensorPin = A0; //analog pin location
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //Start the serial connection with the computer
lcd.begin(16,2); //Must be defined or it goes to 16X1
lcd.clear(); // Starts with a clean screen
}

CODE cont..
void loop()
{
//getting the voltage reading from the temperature sensor
int reading = analogRead(sensorPin);
// converting that reading to voltage, for 3.3v arduino use 3.3
float voltage = reading * 5.0;
voltage /= 1024.0;
// now print out the temperature (voltage-0.5)
float temperatureC = (voltage ) * 100 ; //converting from 10 mv per
degree wit 500 mV offset
//to degrees ((voltage - 500mV) times 100)

CODE cont..
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(temperatureC);
lcd.println(" Celsius "); //Shows reading on LCD
// now convert to Fahrenheit
float temperatureF = (temperatureC * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0;
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(temperatureF);
lcd.println(" Fahrenheit"); //Shows reading on LCD
delay(500); //Update every 5 seconds, the value is
measured in milliseconds )
}

9. Motor Control:
Requirements:
1. Keyboard interface idea
2. Motor interface with digital o/p pin
3. Condition checking process in program
if…else, switch(), OR anything….

9. Motor Control cont..

• const int motorR = 13; //right direction motion assign pin
• const int motorRB = 12;//right direction backward motion assign pin
• const int motorL = 11; //left direction motion assign pin
• const int motorLB = 10;//left direction backward motion assign pin
• #include <Keypad.h>
• const byte ROWS = 2; //2 rows
• const byte COLS = 2;//2 column
• char keys[ROWS][COLS] = {
• {'1','2'},
• {'3','4'},
• };
• byte rowPins[ROWS] = {5, 4}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad
• byte colPins[COLS] = {8, 7};// to coloumn pinout
• Keypad keypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(keys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS );

• void setup() {
• // initialize the LED pin as an output:
• pinMode(motorR, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(motorRB, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(motorL, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(motorLB, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
• pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
• // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
• keypad.setHoldTime(500);
• }

• void loop() {
• char key = keypad.getKey();
• if(key)
• {
• switch(key)
• {
• case ('1'):
• right();
• break;
• case ('2'):
• left();
• break;
• case ('3'):
• forward();
• break;
• case ('4'):
• backward();
• break;
• default:
• stopp();
• }
•
• }
• }

• void right()
• { digitalWrite(9,HIGH);
• digitalWrite(6,LOW);
• digitalWrite(motorR,HIGH);
• digitalWrite(motorRB,LOW);
• delay(300);
• digitalWrite(motorRB,HIGH);
• }
• void left()
• digitalWrite(9,LOW);
• digitalWrite(motorL,HIGH);
• digitalWrite(motorLB,LOW);
• delay(300);
• digitalWrite(motorLB,HIGH);
• }
• void forward()
• digitalWrite(6,HIGH);
• digitalWrite(motorRB,LOW);
• digitalWrite(motorLB,LOW);
• delay(300);
• }
• void backward()
• digitalWrite(motorR,LOW);
• digitalWrite(motorL,LOW);
• delay(300);
• }
• void stopp()
• }

10. Controlling Servo motor:
Requirements:
1. Potentiometer interface
2. Motor interface
3. Variable data from POT applying to motor
interface pin
4. Code on IDE: File>>Example>>servo>>knob
OR follow the note code

10. Controlling Servo motor:

10. Ultra sonic sensor for Distance
calculation
Requirements:
1. Ultrasonic sensor
2. LCD
3. Arduino
4. Concept:
Vcc (+5V)
Trig (Trigger)
Echo
GND

10. Ultra sonic sensor
CODE:
#define trigPin1 8
#define echoPin1 7
long duration, distance, UltraSensor;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
SonarSensor(trigPin1, echoPin1);
UltraSensor = distance;
Serial.println(UltraSensor);
}
void SonarSensor(int trigPin,int echoPin)
{
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;
delay(100);
}

10. Ultra sonic sensor for Distance
calculation cont..

THANK YOU
bishalbtry@gmail.com

Arduino by bishal bhattarai IOE, Pashchimanchal Campus Pokhara, Nepal

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