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Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

          Hair Cell Shearing

There is a shearing action which occurs
when the tectorial membrane and the
basilar membrane move and hair cells
begin to move/shear. This creates the
opportunity for electrical impulses to be
generated within the cochlea.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

          Hair Cell Shearing

This shearing occurs due to the different
hinge points of each membrane and the
traveling wave movement which initiates
the mechanical articulation at these pivot
points. (Ref. Zemlin pg. #488)
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

          Hair Cell Shearing

This mechanical action results in the
stereocilia on top of the hair cells to bend
—thus, creating a certain amount of
mechanical gain due to the shearing force
between the two membranes.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

         Hair Cell Shearing

The outermost row of outer hair cells are
attached to the tectorial membrane. The
other rows drag across the tectorial
membrane and are influenced more by the
eddy movement of the endolymph fluid
than by the shearing action.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

           Hair Cell Shearing

The shearing force plus the viscous
streaming of endolymph is thought to be
the initial disturbance of the stereocilia that
generates a receptor current which flows
through the rest of the hair cell body.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

          Hair Cell Shearing

We have learned that the perilymph and
endolymph fluids have different
consistencies. This difference creates
different electrical potentials—which have
either a positive or negative potential.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

    Cochlear Electrical Potentials

This identification of positive and negative
electrical potentials were more clearly
defined by Davis in 1960. He placed the
cochlear electrical potentials into four
classes.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells
         Cochlear Electrical Potentials
  The four potentials are:
1. DC (direct current) resting potential with no
   acoustic stimulation.
2. CM (cochlear microphonics) which are
   alternating current in response to acoustic
   stimulation.
3. SP (summating current) which is direct current
   but only appears with acoustic stimulation.
4. AP the (action potential) of the VIIIth nerve
   fibers.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

    Cochlear Electrical Potentials

The cochlea is controlled by two “bio”
batteries. The first battery is the hair cells
and second is the stria vascularis.
The “variable resistor” (gain knob) are the
stereocilia on top of the hair cells.
The variable resistance changes as the
stereocilia move, bend, and swirl.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

 Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials

 When the hair cells move to and fro, this
 creates alternating current and the
 cochlear microphone is created.
 When the hairs cells all move in same
 direction, a summating gain potential is
 created. How much and how many move
 determines the amount of gain.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

 Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials

 The type of current received (alternating or
 direct) and the amount of current received
 stimulate the eighth nerve and
 create/generate the appropriate afferent
 information toward the central pathways.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

 Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials

 When the blood supply to the stria
 vascularis or the basilar membrane is
 compromised, the electrical current from
 the bio-batteries is modified—creating
 hearing loss.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

 Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials


 Of course, when the stereocilia and hair
 cells are damaged, hearing loss also
 begins to reveal itself.
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

     Cochlea Performance Summary
  We have learned that the cochlea is:
1. A sixty decibel WDRC amplifier (due
   primarily to outer hair cell movement).
2. A mechanical frequency analyzer
   (basilar membrane).
3. A cochlear microphone w/gain control
   (outer hair cell movement).
Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells

WOW! What do we do when the hair cells
become damaged or missing? What
treatment is available?
No surgery other than cochlear implants
are currently available—just digital hearing
instruments—custom fit by hearing health
care professionals.

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HIS 120 Cochlear Microphonics and Hair Cells

  • 1. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Shearing There is a shearing action which occurs when the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane move and hair cells begin to move/shear. This creates the opportunity for electrical impulses to be generated within the cochlea.
  • 2. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Shearing This shearing occurs due to the different hinge points of each membrane and the traveling wave movement which initiates the mechanical articulation at these pivot points. (Ref. Zemlin pg. #488)
  • 3. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Shearing This mechanical action results in the stereocilia on top of the hair cells to bend —thus, creating a certain amount of mechanical gain due to the shearing force between the two membranes.
  • 4. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Shearing The outermost row of outer hair cells are attached to the tectorial membrane. The other rows drag across the tectorial membrane and are influenced more by the eddy movement of the endolymph fluid than by the shearing action.
  • 5. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Shearing The shearing force plus the viscous streaming of endolymph is thought to be the initial disturbance of the stereocilia that generates a receptor current which flows through the rest of the hair cell body.
  • 6. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Shearing We have learned that the perilymph and endolymph fluids have different consistencies. This difference creates different electrical potentials—which have either a positive or negative potential.
  • 7. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Cochlear Electrical Potentials This identification of positive and negative electrical potentials were more clearly defined by Davis in 1960. He placed the cochlear electrical potentials into four classes.
  • 8. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Cochlear Electrical Potentials The four potentials are: 1. DC (direct current) resting potential with no acoustic stimulation. 2. CM (cochlear microphonics) which are alternating current in response to acoustic stimulation. 3. SP (summating current) which is direct current but only appears with acoustic stimulation. 4. AP the (action potential) of the VIIIth nerve fibers.
  • 9. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Cochlear Electrical Potentials The cochlea is controlled by two “bio” batteries. The first battery is the hair cells and second is the stria vascularis. The “variable resistor” (gain knob) are the stereocilia on top of the hair cells. The variable resistance changes as the stereocilia move, bend, and swirl.
  • 10. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials When the hair cells move to and fro, this creates alternating current and the cochlear microphone is created. When the hairs cells all move in same direction, a summating gain potential is created. How much and how many move determines the amount of gain.
  • 11. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials The type of current received (alternating or direct) and the amount of current received stimulate the eighth nerve and create/generate the appropriate afferent information toward the central pathways.
  • 12. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials When the blood supply to the stria vascularis or the basilar membrane is compromised, the electrical current from the bio-batteries is modified—creating hearing loss.
  • 13. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Hair Cell Movement & Electrical Potentials Of course, when the stereocilia and hair cells are damaged, hearing loss also begins to reveal itself.
  • 14. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells  Cochlea Performance Summary We have learned that the cochlea is: 1. A sixty decibel WDRC amplifier (due primarily to outer hair cell movement). 2. A mechanical frequency analyzer (basilar membrane). 3. A cochlear microphone w/gain control (outer hair cell movement).
  • 15. Cochlear Microphonics & Hair Cells WOW! What do we do when the hair cells become damaged or missing? What treatment is available? No surgery other than cochlear implants are currently available—just digital hearing instruments—custom fit by hearing health care professionals.