CNC machining processes for all branches 1st students.
And also important for those who want to have a basic knowledge of different type of machining processes.
This topic is basically depend upon computer assisted machining.
A numerical control system in which the data handling, control sequences, and response to input is determined by an on-board computer system at the machine tool.
A numerical control system in which the data handling, control sequences, and response to input is determined by an on-board computer system at the machine tool.
Contents:
1. History
2. Introduction to CNC Milling
3. Elements of CNC Machine
4. How CNC Works
5. CNC Programming
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC
7. Applications of CNC
Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine tools that are operated by precisely programmed commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to controlled manually.
Most NC today is computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers play an integral part of the control.
In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly automated using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs
Computer numerical control (CNC) is the automation of machine tools by means of computers executing per-programmed sequences of machine control commands. This is in contrast to machines that are manually controlled by hand wheels or levers, or mechanically automated by cams alone.
Modern Machine Tools:
CNC machines: Introduction, principles of operation,
Types – Vertical machining centres and horizontal machining centres,
major elements, functions, applications,
controllers,
open loop and closed loop systems
Types of automatic machines,
Transfer machines
CNC machines are making parts around the world for almost every industry. They create things out of plastics, metals, aluminum, wood and many other hard materials. The word “CNC” stands for Computer Numerical Control, but today everyone calls it CNC. So, how do you define a CNC machine? All automated motion control machines have three primary components – a command function, a drive/motion system, and feedback system. CNC machining is the process of using a computer-driven machine tool to produce a part out of solid material in a different shape
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
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3. CONTENTS
1. History
2. CNC introduction
3. Elements of CNC
4. Block diagram of CNC
5. Types of CNC machine
6. How CNC works?
7. Features of CNC machines
8. CNC programming basics
9. Common format of a block
10. Advantages
11. Disadvantages
4. History of CNC machines
Numerical control for machines tools were
introduced in 1950’s by Prof.John T Parsons.
The first NC machine was built at the
Massachusetts institute of Technology in 1953
by joint efforts of US Air Force, the MIT and
parson’s cooperation
5. Introduction
A CNC machine is numerical control system in which the data handling,control
sequences, and response to input is determined by an on-board computer
system at the Machine tool.
The machine follows a predetermined sequence of machining operations at the
predetermined speeds necessary to produce a workpiece of the right shape
and size and thus according to completely predictable results. A different
product can be produced through reprogramming and a low-quantity
production run of different products is justified. flash drive, or RAM card etc.
“ A system in which actions are controlled by the direct insertion of numerical
data at some point.The system must automatically interpret at least some
portion of this data.”
In a simple word, a CNC system receives numerical data, interpret the data
and then control the action accordingly.
6.
7. ELEMENTS OF CNC MACHINE
• A CNC machine consist of following 6 major
elements:
i. Input Device
ii. Machine Control Unit
iii. Machine Tool
iv. Driving System
v. Feedback Devices
vi. Display Unit
10. TYPES OF CNC MACHINE
• Plasma.
• Spring forming.
• Laser Cutting machine.
• Flame cutting machine.
• Electric Discharge Machine.
• Water Jet.
• Welding.
• CNC Punch Press.
11. Open loop and closed loop controls
In open loop systems the slide may overshoot or may not reach
desired position because of inertia, wear and tear and friction,
hence inaccurate machining.
In closed loop systems the position sensors are used to correct
slide movements and achieve higher accuracy and repeatability
12. HOW CNC WORKS ?
• Controlled by G and M codes.
• These are number values and co-ordinates.
• Each number or code is assigned to a
particular operation.
• Typed in manually to CAD by machine
operators.
• G & M codes are automatically generated by
the computer software
13. FEATURES OF CNC MACHINERY
• The tool or material moves automatically.
• Tools can operate in 1-5 axes.
• Larger machines have a machine control unit
(MCU) which manages operations.
• Movement is controlled by motors
(actuators).
• Feedback is provided by sensors
(transducers)
• Tool magazines are used to change tools
automatically
14. CNC PROGRAMMING BASICS
• CNC instructions are called part program
commands.
• When running, a part program is
interpreted one command line at a time
until all lines are completed.
• Commands, which are also referred to as
blocks, are made up of words which each
begin with a letter address and end with a
numerical value.
15. CNC PROGRAMMING
Important things to
know:
• Coordinate System
• Units, incremental
or absolute positioning
• Coordinates: X,Y,Z,
RX,RY,RZ
• Feed rate and spindle
speed
• Coolant Control:
On/Off, Flood, Mist
• Tool Control: Tool and
tool
Programming consists of a series
of instructions in form of letter
codes
•Preparatory Codes:
G codes- Initial machining setup
and
establishing operating conditions
N codes- specify program line
number
to executed by the MCU
•Axis Codes: X,Y,Z
Used to specify motion of the slide
along
X, Y, Z direction
•Feed and Speed Codes: F and S
Specify feed and spindle speed
•Tool codes: T – specify tool
number
•Miscellaneous codes – M codes
For coolant control and other
activities
17. Advantages of CNC
i. - Easier to program;
ii. - Easy storage of existing programs;
iii. - Easy to change a program
iv. - Avoids human errors
v. - CNC machines are safe to operate
vi. - Complex geometry is produced as cheaply as simple ones
vii. - Usually generates closer tolerances than manual machines
viii. -The advantage of a CNC system are that the operation of a
conventional machine is removed and the part production is
made automatic.
ix. -It reduces the labor work and hence highly efficient in the
manufacturing process.
18. Disadvantages
i. COSTLY SETUP, SKILLED OPERATORS.
ii. COMPUTERS, PROGRAMMING
KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED.
iii. MAINTENANCE IS DIFFICULT.