This presentation discusses CAD/CAM/CAE systems used at Robocliff Engineering Ltd. It begins with an introduction of the company and defines CAD, CAM, and CAE. CAD is used for computer-assisted design, CAM automates manufacturing processes, and CAE analyzes product performance virtually. The presentation explains how these systems improve productivity, quality, and reduce costs when integrated into a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. It concludes that CAD/CAM/CAE/CIM technologies are advanced tools that have redefined engineering design and precision manufacturing.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CIM. It defines CAD as computer-assisted design, CAM as computer-assisted manufacturing, and CIM as computer-integrated manufacturing. It discusses various design disciplines including engineering design, mechanical design, architecture, and fashion. It describes manufacturing processes like casting, molding, and machining. It explains that CAD helps designers create and modify designs, CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing, and CIM aims to fully automate and integrate all factory processes under computer control. The document outlines needs for CAD/CAM/CIM like increased productivity, improved quality and communication, and effective scheduling and production control.
This document provides an introduction to CAD (computer-aided design) through a university lecture. It defines CAD as using computers to aid in the engineering design process. The lecture outlines the design process, describes how CAD is used for tasks like 2D and 3D modeling, analysis, and automated drafting. It also lists the hardware and software components of typical CAD systems.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. It includes 8 modules that cover topics such as the introduction to CIM and automation, automated production lines and assembly systems, types of automation, reasons for automating, computer integrated manufacturing, computerized elements of a CIM system, CAD/CAM and CIM, and mathematical models and matrices used to analyze production systems. The course is intended to teach students about computer applications in design and manufacturing processes.
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) uses computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis and optimization of designs. CAD defines the geometry of designs and performs tolerance analysis, mass property calculations and finite-element modeling. Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) uses computers to plan, manage and control manufacturing operations through direct or indirect interfaces with production resources like machine tools and robots. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) analyzes CAD geometry through simulation to study how products will behave and allow for optimization using techniques like finite-element analysis.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository using integrated systems and communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and initiate actions, facilitating automation and improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness. While CIM provides benefits like reduced costs and lead times, its implementation requires significant changes to corporate culture and systems.
This document provides an overview of Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) in three parts. It introduces CAM and discusses how it is used with CAD. It then explains the role of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) in transitioning from CAD to CAM. Finally, it introduces the MasterCAM software, describing its uses in tool path planning and CNC code generation to manufacture machined parts.
This presentation discusses CAD/CAM/CAE systems used at Robocliff Engineering Ltd. It begins with an introduction of the company and defines CAD, CAM, and CAE. CAD is used for computer-assisted design, CAM automates manufacturing processes, and CAE analyzes product performance virtually. The presentation explains how these systems improve productivity, quality, and reduce costs when integrated into a computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system. It concludes that CAD/CAM/CAE/CIM technologies are advanced tools that have redefined engineering design and precision manufacturing.
This document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM/CIM. It defines CAD as computer-assisted design, CAM as computer-assisted manufacturing, and CIM as computer-integrated manufacturing. It discusses various design disciplines including engineering design, mechanical design, architecture, and fashion. It describes manufacturing processes like casting, molding, and machining. It explains that CAD helps designers create and modify designs, CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing, and CIM aims to fully automate and integrate all factory processes under computer control. The document outlines needs for CAD/CAM/CIM like increased productivity, improved quality and communication, and effective scheduling and production control.
This document provides an introduction to CAD (computer-aided design) through a university lecture. It defines CAD as using computers to aid in the engineering design process. The lecture outlines the design process, describes how CAD is used for tasks like 2D and 3D modeling, analysis, and automated drafting. It also lists the hardware and software components of typical CAD systems.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. It includes 8 modules that cover topics such as the introduction to CIM and automation, automated production lines and assembly systems, types of automation, reasons for automating, computer integrated manufacturing, computerized elements of a CIM system, CAD/CAM and CIM, and mathematical models and matrices used to analyze production systems. The course is intended to teach students about computer applications in design and manufacturing processes.
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) uses computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis and optimization of designs. CAD defines the geometry of designs and performs tolerance analysis, mass property calculations and finite-element modeling. Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) uses computers to plan, manage and control manufacturing operations through direct or indirect interfaces with production resources like machine tools and robots. Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) analyzes CAD geometry through simulation to study how products will behave and allow for optimization using techniques like finite-element analysis.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common data repository using integrated systems and communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and initiate actions, facilitating automation and improving efficiency, quality, and responsiveness. While CIM provides benefits like reduced costs and lead times, its implementation requires significant changes to corporate culture and systems.
This document provides an overview of Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) in three parts. It introduces CAM and discusses how it is used with CAD. It then explains the role of Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) in transitioning from CAD to CAM. Finally, it introduces the MasterCAM software, describing its uses in tool path planning and CNC code generation to manufacture machined parts.
This document discusses adaptive control systems for machining. It defines adaptive control as a feedback system that automatically adjusts machining variables like cutting speed and feed rate based on actual process conditions. The three main functions of adaptive control are identification, decision, and modification. Adaptive control systems are classified as adaptive control with optimization, which uses a performance index, or adaptive control with constraints, which maximizes variables within set limits. Benefits include increased production and tool life, while limitations include lack of reliable tool sensors and standardized interfaces with CNC units.
computer configuration& hardware for cad applications Jagilam Kumar
This document discusses the hardware and computer configuration requirements for CAD/CAM applications. It notes that a typical CAD system includes a graphics terminal, input devices like a mouse, output devices like plotters, a central processing unit, and secondary storage. It also lists benefits of CAD over conventional design like improved productivity, shorter lead times, better designs, and easier incorporation of customer feedback. The next class topic will cover input and output computer peripherals used for CAD.
The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from early numerical control machines run by punched cards to modern CNC machines with onboard computers. The document also covers CNC part programs, basic CNC machine components, motion control types, advantages like precision and disadvantages like higher costs compared to manual machines.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) consist of interconnected computer-controlled machines and automated material handling systems. An FMS allows for mixed production and variation in parts, assembly, and processes. It includes processing workstations, an automated transport and storage system, and a computer control system that coordinates the activities. FMS provides benefits like decreased lead times, increased throughput and quality, and reduced costs. However, FMS implementation requires substantial investment and planning to address technological and coordination challenges.
The document provides an overview of high speed machining (HSM), including its history, definitions, process parameters, machine details, advantages/disadvantages, applications, and conclusions. It discusses how HSM uses high spindle speeds and feed rates with specific tools and tool motions. Key benefits of HSM include improved accuracy, efficiency, reduced machining times, and decreased costs compared to conventional machining. The document also compares HSM to conventional machining and EDM.
The document provides an overview of numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It discusses:
1) The historical development of NC from mechanized production equipment to programmable automation using NC, PLCs, and robots.
2) The basic definition and components of an NC machine, including the numerical controller, NC code, and interactions between the operator and machine.
3) The main components of NC machines - the machine control unit, machine tool, and various control units. It also discusses different types of machine control units.
4) Key aspects of NC motion control including point-to-point and continuous path control, open and closed loop systems, and different
1. The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and automation strategies. It provides an introduction to automation, describing the types of automation as fixed, programmable, and flexible.
2. The reasons for automation include increasing productivity and reducing costs. Automation strategies aim to improve flexibility, material handling, inspection, and integrate operations through computer systems.
3. Production systems are classified as job shop, batch, or mass production based on factors like volume, variety, and workflow. CIM fully integrates all functions of a manufacturing company using computer systems.
Coordinate metrology is concerned with the measurement of the actual shape and dimensions of an object and comparing these with the desired shape and dimensions.
In this connection, coordinate metrology consists of the evaluation of the location, orientation, dimensions, and geometry of the part or object.
A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is an electromechanical system designed to perform coordinate metrology.
DNC is a manufacturing system where a central computer controls a number of NC machines in real time through direct connections. The central computer is connected to machine tools and bulk memory for storing NC part programs. It can transmit programs on demand to machines and allows two-way real-time communication and program editing between the computer and machine tools. There are two systems for linking the computer and machines: behind-the-tape-reader and a special machine control unit.
This document discusses the components of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). It describes CIM as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through computer technologies and communication networks. The key components discussed include the CASA/SME model, computer networking, the OSI model, and the various subsystems and elements that make up CIM such as CAD/CAM, computer-aided process planning (CAPP), and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). The benefits of CIM implementation are also summarized such as improved quality, reduced costs and lead times, and increased flexibility and responsiveness.
This document discusses computer aided quality control (CAQC). It introduces CAQC and explains that it uses computers to inspect and test manufactured products to ensure they meet defined quality standards. The objectives of CAQC are listed as increasing inspection and production productivity, reducing lead times and waste. The main components of CAQC are computer aided inspection (CAI) and computer aided testing (CAT). CAI uses 3D scanning and CAD modeling to check part specifications, while CAT simulates stresses and other factors to test attributes like strength. The advantages of CAQC include data harvesting, allowing 100% inspection and testing, using non-contact sensors, and providing computerized feedback control.
This document discusses coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). It describes the different types of CMM mechanical structures including cantilever, moving bridge, fixed bridge, horizontal arm, gantry, and column types. It also discusses CMM components, probe types, calibration, programming, applications, advantages, and sources of errors. CMMs are used to precisely measure the geometry of manufactured parts for quality control.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the entire product development and manufacturing process through dedicated software. CIM uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate design, manufacturing, and business functions. This reduces human involvement and errors. CIM aims to vastly improve manufacturing performance through an integrated, methodological approach. It connects previously separate automation "islands" into a distributed processing system to maximize efficiency. However, full CIM implementation faces challenges regarding integration of different machine components and protocols, ensuring data integrity for safe machine control, and providing competent human oversight of computer process control.
This document provides an introduction to computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). It discusses the product development cycle, various design processes, and the advantages of concurrent engineering over sequential engineering. It also describes CAD systems and their architecture, as well as computer graphics topics like coordinate systems, 2D and 3D transformations, line drawing algorithms, and viewing transformations. Key CAD applications and benefits are outlined. The document provides details on several CAD and design related topics at a high level.
The document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM (computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing). It discusses the need for CAD/CAM due to factors like global competition, demand for new products with enhanced features, and short product life cycles. It also describes developments in computers that have enabled the growth of CAD/CAM technologies. CAD is defined as using computers to assist in the design process, while CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing operations. The document outlines the benefits of CAD/CAM including improved productivity, quality, communication and databases of standardized parts.
The document discusses different methods for modeling solid objects in 3D, including constructive solid geometry (CSG) and boundary representation (B-Rep). CSG uses boolean operations on primitive solids, represented as a tree structure, while B-Rep defines solids by their enclosing faces, edges and vertices with topological connectivity. Both have advantages such as unambiguous definitions but also challenges around complexity, storage or modeling restrictions. Hybrid approaches combine benefits of both methods.
The document discusses different methods of NC part programming including manual part programming, computer-assisted part programming, manual data input, NC programming using CAD/CAM, and computer automated part programming. It also provides details on punched tape formats, G-codes and M-codes used in NC part programming.
This document provides an introduction to computer-aided design (CAD). It defines CAD and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) as using computers to aid in design and manufacturing functions. The document outlines the basic product design cycle and how CAD/CAM can be integrated at various stages, including computer-aided drafting, process planning, and computer-controlled manufacturing. It also describes the basic hardware and software components of CAD systems, including how interactive computer graphics are used to aid designers. Finally, it summarizes the general six-phase design process.
The document discusses various computer-aided design (CAD) standards used for data exchange, including graphics standards like GKS and OpenGL, as well as data exchange standards like IGES, DXF, and STEP. It provides details on the purpose and requirements of each standard, explaining concepts like layers, entities, and file structure. The key standards discussed are IGES for shape data exchange, DXF for CAD file interchange, and STEP for comprehensive product data across the design and manufacturing lifecycle.
Chapter 6 computer and controls systems within manufacturingN. A. Sutisna
This document discusses the role of computers and data communication systems in modern manufacturing organizations. It covers several topics:
1) The various roles of computers in manufacturing, from management systems to machine control. Data communication helps share crucial manufacturing data.
2) Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are widely used for industrial control. Selection criteria for PLCs include programming language, inputs/outputs, and communication capabilities.
3) CNC and robot controllers often integrate PLCs and communicate with host computers for tasks like file transfers of design programs. Communication protocols help ensure accurate data transmission by detecting and correcting errors.
Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner.
Motion control is an important part of robotics and CNC machine tools, and is widely used in the packaging, printing, textile, semiconductor production, and assembly industries.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_control)
Servo mechanisms are automated control systems used in everything from CNC machines, robotics, factory automation and more. Servo systems offer greater reliability and precision as they use position feedback to account for errors and system disturbances unlike open loop systems.
This document discusses adaptive control systems for machining. It defines adaptive control as a feedback system that automatically adjusts machining variables like cutting speed and feed rate based on actual process conditions. The three main functions of adaptive control are identification, decision, and modification. Adaptive control systems are classified as adaptive control with optimization, which uses a performance index, or adaptive control with constraints, which maximizes variables within set limits. Benefits include increased production and tool life, while limitations include lack of reliable tool sensors and standardized interfaces with CNC units.
computer configuration& hardware for cad applications Jagilam Kumar
This document discusses the hardware and computer configuration requirements for CAD/CAM applications. It notes that a typical CAD system includes a graphics terminal, input devices like a mouse, output devices like plotters, a central processing unit, and secondary storage. It also lists benefits of CAD over conventional design like improved productivity, shorter lead times, better designs, and easier incorporation of customer feedback. The next class topic will cover input and output computer peripherals used for CAD.
The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from early numerical control machines run by punched cards to modern CNC machines with onboard computers. The document also covers CNC part programs, basic CNC machine components, motion control types, advantages like precision and disadvantages like higher costs compared to manual machines.
What is process planning .Difficulties in traditional process planning,CAPP Model,Types of CAPP ,1.Retrieval type CAPP (variant) systems.
2.Generative CAPP systems.
3.Hybrid CAPP systems.
Process planning system , Machinability data systems , Benefits of CAPP
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) consist of interconnected computer-controlled machines and automated material handling systems. An FMS allows for mixed production and variation in parts, assembly, and processes. It includes processing workstations, an automated transport and storage system, and a computer control system that coordinates the activities. FMS provides benefits like decreased lead times, increased throughput and quality, and reduced costs. However, FMS implementation requires substantial investment and planning to address technological and coordination challenges.
The document provides an overview of high speed machining (HSM), including its history, definitions, process parameters, machine details, advantages/disadvantages, applications, and conclusions. It discusses how HSM uses high spindle speeds and feed rates with specific tools and tool motions. Key benefits of HSM include improved accuracy, efficiency, reduced machining times, and decreased costs compared to conventional machining. The document also compares HSM to conventional machining and EDM.
The document provides an overview of numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It discusses:
1) The historical development of NC from mechanized production equipment to programmable automation using NC, PLCs, and robots.
2) The basic definition and components of an NC machine, including the numerical controller, NC code, and interactions between the operator and machine.
3) The main components of NC machines - the machine control unit, machine tool, and various control units. It also discusses different types of machine control units.
4) Key aspects of NC motion control including point-to-point and continuous path control, open and closed loop systems, and different
1. The document discusses computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and automation strategies. It provides an introduction to automation, describing the types of automation as fixed, programmable, and flexible.
2. The reasons for automation include increasing productivity and reducing costs. Automation strategies aim to improve flexibility, material handling, inspection, and integrate operations through computer systems.
3. Production systems are classified as job shop, batch, or mass production based on factors like volume, variety, and workflow. CIM fully integrates all functions of a manufacturing company using computer systems.
Coordinate metrology is concerned with the measurement of the actual shape and dimensions of an object and comparing these with the desired shape and dimensions.
In this connection, coordinate metrology consists of the evaluation of the location, orientation, dimensions, and geometry of the part or object.
A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is an electromechanical system designed to perform coordinate metrology.
DNC is a manufacturing system where a central computer controls a number of NC machines in real time through direct connections. The central computer is connected to machine tools and bulk memory for storing NC part programs. It can transmit programs on demand to machines and allows two-way real-time communication and program editing between the computer and machine tools. There are two systems for linking the computer and machines: behind-the-tape-reader and a special machine control unit.
This document discusses the components of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). It describes CIM as the integration of the total manufacturing enterprise through computer technologies and communication networks. The key components discussed include the CASA/SME model, computer networking, the OSI model, and the various subsystems and elements that make up CIM such as CAD/CAM, computer-aided process planning (CAPP), and manufacturing resource planning (MRP). The benefits of CIM implementation are also summarized such as improved quality, reduced costs and lead times, and increased flexibility and responsiveness.
This document discusses computer aided quality control (CAQC). It introduces CAQC and explains that it uses computers to inspect and test manufactured products to ensure they meet defined quality standards. The objectives of CAQC are listed as increasing inspection and production productivity, reducing lead times and waste. The main components of CAQC are computer aided inspection (CAI) and computer aided testing (CAT). CAI uses 3D scanning and CAD modeling to check part specifications, while CAT simulates stresses and other factors to test attributes like strength. The advantages of CAQC include data harvesting, allowing 100% inspection and testing, using non-contact sensors, and providing computerized feedback control.
This document discusses coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). It describes the different types of CMM mechanical structures including cantilever, moving bridge, fixed bridge, horizontal arm, gantry, and column types. It also discusses CMM components, probe types, calibration, programming, applications, advantages, and sources of errors. CMMs are used to precisely measure the geometry of manufactured parts for quality control.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the entire product development and manufacturing process through dedicated software. CIM uses a common database and communication technologies to integrate design, manufacturing, and business functions. This reduces human involvement and errors. CIM aims to vastly improve manufacturing performance through an integrated, methodological approach. It connects previously separate automation "islands" into a distributed processing system to maximize efficiency. However, full CIM implementation faces challenges regarding integration of different machine components and protocols, ensuring data integrity for safe machine control, and providing competent human oversight of computer process control.
This document provides an introduction to computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). It discusses the product development cycle, various design processes, and the advantages of concurrent engineering over sequential engineering. It also describes CAD systems and their architecture, as well as computer graphics topics like coordinate systems, 2D and 3D transformations, line drawing algorithms, and viewing transformations. Key CAD applications and benefits are outlined. The document provides details on several CAD and design related topics at a high level.
The document provides an introduction to CAD/CAM (computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing). It discusses the need for CAD/CAM due to factors like global competition, demand for new products with enhanced features, and short product life cycles. It also describes developments in computers that have enabled the growth of CAD/CAM technologies. CAD is defined as using computers to assist in the design process, while CAM uses computers to plan and control manufacturing operations. The document outlines the benefits of CAD/CAM including improved productivity, quality, communication and databases of standardized parts.
The document discusses different methods for modeling solid objects in 3D, including constructive solid geometry (CSG) and boundary representation (B-Rep). CSG uses boolean operations on primitive solids, represented as a tree structure, while B-Rep defines solids by their enclosing faces, edges and vertices with topological connectivity. Both have advantages such as unambiguous definitions but also challenges around complexity, storage or modeling restrictions. Hybrid approaches combine benefits of both methods.
The document discusses different methods of NC part programming including manual part programming, computer-assisted part programming, manual data input, NC programming using CAD/CAM, and computer automated part programming. It also provides details on punched tape formats, G-codes and M-codes used in NC part programming.
This document provides an introduction to computer-aided design (CAD). It defines CAD and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) as using computers to aid in design and manufacturing functions. The document outlines the basic product design cycle and how CAD/CAM can be integrated at various stages, including computer-aided drafting, process planning, and computer-controlled manufacturing. It also describes the basic hardware and software components of CAD systems, including how interactive computer graphics are used to aid designers. Finally, it summarizes the general six-phase design process.
The document discusses various computer-aided design (CAD) standards used for data exchange, including graphics standards like GKS and OpenGL, as well as data exchange standards like IGES, DXF, and STEP. It provides details on the purpose and requirements of each standard, explaining concepts like layers, entities, and file structure. The key standards discussed are IGES for shape data exchange, DXF for CAD file interchange, and STEP for comprehensive product data across the design and manufacturing lifecycle.
Chapter 6 computer and controls systems within manufacturingN. A. Sutisna
This document discusses the role of computers and data communication systems in modern manufacturing organizations. It covers several topics:
1) The various roles of computers in manufacturing, from management systems to machine control. Data communication helps share crucial manufacturing data.
2) Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are widely used for industrial control. Selection criteria for PLCs include programming language, inputs/outputs, and communication capabilities.
3) CNC and robot controllers often integrate PLCs and communicate with host computers for tasks like file transfers of design programs. Communication protocols help ensure accurate data transmission by detecting and correcting errors.
Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner.
Motion control is an important part of robotics and CNC machine tools, and is widely used in the packaging, printing, textile, semiconductor production, and assembly industries.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_control)
Servo mechanisms are automated control systems used in everything from CNC machines, robotics, factory automation and more. Servo systems offer greater reliability and precision as they use position feedback to account for errors and system disturbances unlike open loop systems.
This document discusses advanced manufacturing technology, specifically automation fundamentals and CAD/CAM/CNC. It defines automation and its three basic components: power, a program of instructions, and a control system. It describes closed-loop and open-loop control systems. It also discusses different types of automation including fixed, programmable, and flexible automation. Additionally, it outlines hardware for automation including sensors, actuators, interface devices, and process controllers. The document also provides an overview of CAD/CAM/CNC, describing CAD, CAM software, NC and CNC systems, DNC, machine tools, and NC programming addresses and codes.
Technological innovation in manufacturing processes aims to gain competitive advantages through improved quality, reduced costs, and reduced time-to-market. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is an approach that integrates all enterprise operations around a common data repository, allowing processes to exchange information and initiate actions. CIM relies on technologies like computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, and real-time sensors. Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and cellular manufacturing group machines and operations to facilitate the production of families of similar parts in an efficient flow. Both aim to increase productivity while reducing waste.
This document contains questions and answers related to operations management topics like input-output ratio, technology life cycle, automated guided vehicles, flexible manufacturing systems, computer integrated manufacturing, numerical control machines, linear programming, and the simplex method. Key points include:
1. Input-output analysis considers the interdependence between sectors of the economy by analyzing relationships between inputs and outputs.
2. Technology also has a life cycle like products with stages of innovation, syndication, diffusion, and substitution.
3. Automated guided vehicles and automated identification systems are examples of technologies used to enhance production.
4. Flexible manufacturing systems and computer integrated manufacturing integrate computer systems with production to improve operations.
5.
This document provides an overview and summary of a term project report on approximation in 2D CNC motion. The report discusses the history and basic components of numerical control machines, including lathes, mills, and 3D printers. It describes how 2D motion is achieved through stepper motors and algorithms for linear and circular interpolation. Examples are provided and references are listed at the end.
Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner.
Motion control is an important part of robotics and CNC machine tools, and is widely used in the packaging, printing, textile, semiconductor production, and assembly industries.
This document discusses computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies. It explains that CAD is used for geometric modeling, engineering analysis, and automated drafting to construct digital designs. CAM then uses numerical control, process planning, robotics, and factory management to efficiently manufacture physical products based on the CAD files. The document provides details on various CAD and CAM applications, functions, and systems to illustrate how computers enhance and optimize industrial design and production processes.
In this presentation, Agastya introduces the topic of automation and associated trends. Agastya's interest lies in developing automation systems to aid the programming community whereby less of their time goes in testing and more of it goes in designing products and platforms.
A distributed control system (DCS) is described. Key points:
- A DCS uses sensors, controllers, and computers distributed throughout a plant and connected by a local network. It makes automated decisions in real-time to control complex production processes.
- DCS are commonly used in large, continuous process plants like petrochemical facilities to efficiently coordinate control on a centralized network.
- Compared to alternative options like PLCs, DCS are preferred because the manufacturer provides both controller and supervisory functions in an integrated package.
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) consist of programmable machine tools connected by an automated material handling system. The basic components of an FMS are workstations, an automated material handling and storage system, and a computer control system. An FMS provides flexibility in manufacturing by allowing for machine flexibility, material handling flexibility, volume flexibility, routing flexibility, and expansion flexibility. Common FMS layouts include progressive, loop, ladder, open field, and robot-centered layouts. FMS implementations can result in decreased lead times, increased machine utilization, and improved quality.
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) consist of programmable machine tools connected by an automated material handling system. The basic components of an FMS are workstations, an automated material handling and storage system, and a computer control system. An FMS provides flexibility in manufacturing by allowing for machine flexibility, material handling flexibility, volume flexibility, routing flexibility, and expansion flexibility. Common FMS layouts include progressive, loop, ladder, open field, and robot-centered layouts. FMS implementations can result in decreased lead times, increased machine utilization, and improved quality.
The document describes a student project to develop a Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) for vehicles. The objectives are to collect real-time data from a vehicle using sensors, transmit the data to a cloud database, analyze the data using custom software, and notify vehicle owners of any issues. The project aims to allow for predictive maintenance to improve vehicle reliability and performance. A prototype system was tested on a car using an OBD scanner connected to a Raspberry Pi computer. The system demonstrated live monitoring of vehicle data and detection of potential issues. HUMS could benefit various industries by enabling condition-based maintenance of mechanical systems.
Application of Management Information Systems in manufacturing sectorShubham Singh
This document discusses the application of management information systems in the manufacturing sector. It provides an overview of various types of information systems used for strategic planning, tactical and operational planning, manufacturing control, distribution control, and transaction processing. These include systems for capacity planning, production scheduling, material requirements planning, quality control, and inventory management. The document also discusses computer integrated manufacturing, process control, machine control, robotics, and computer-aided engineering. It provides an example of how these systems are applied at General Motors' Vanguard plant.
CMMS/Asset management software that seamlessly integrates with HMI systems provides you complete control by implementing equipment usage based preventive maintenance schedules. Not only will preventive maintenance triggers be enabled based on calendars and dates, but also on actual machine utilization levels – such as run time hours, cycles, or number of starts.Download the Whitepaper today.
The document provides information about embedded systems and microprocessors. It defines embedded systems and gives examples. It discusses microprocessors and microcontrollers, their components, and differences between the two. It describes characteristics of embedded computing applications like sophisticated functionality, real-time operation, cost, power, and design teams. It also covers topics like instruction sets, ARM and Texas Instruments C55x processors, assembly language, and the ARM programming model.
Computer-based control systems use digital computers to acquire information from field devices, compute decisions to manipulate industrial processes, and optimize outputs. There are three main types of computer-aided industrial process control architectures: centralized, distributed, and hierarchical. A centralized system uses a single large mainframe computer, while a distributed system comprises smaller microprocessor-based systems connected by a data link. Computer control provides benefits like repeatability, flexibility, increased productivity, and process understanding.
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) involves integrating all enterprise operations around a common corporate data repository using integrated systems and data communications. This allows individual manufacturing processes to exchange information and coordinate actions, improving organizational efficiency. CIM aims to provide benefits like improved quality, flexibility, and competitiveness through computer control of the entire production process.
Cim lab manual (10 mel77) by mohammed imranMohammed Imran
CIM & AUTOMATION LABORATORY MANUAL (10MEL77)
PREPARED BY
MOHAMMED IMRAN
ASST PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
RAMANAGARAM-562159
Splitting the middle term Method | Class 10Farhan Fahim
This document explains the splitting the middle term method for solving quadratic equations by factorizing. It works through an example of solving the equation x^2 - 3x - 10 = 0. It shows that to use this method, you multiply the coefficient of x^2 (1) and the constant term (10) to get 10, then factorize 10 into 5 and 2 since you need to subtract. This allows writing the equation as (x - 5)(x + 2) = 0, revealing the solutions of x = 5 and x = -2.
This is the article about confidence level, please read this article and share with your friend and family.
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Star Delta Transformation and AC Circuit NotesFarhan Fahim
The document discusses a proposed settlement agreement between two parties named in a lawsuit over an accident. It outlines details of the settlement such as payment amounts, dismissal of claims, and a release of liability. Both parties and their legal representatives would need to sign the agreement to finalize the settlement terms in order to resolve the matter outside of court.
Auto Cad basic tutorial for the beginners of AutoCAD. This will help the students. This pdf contains basic commands of AutoCAD. this will surely help you. For the basic and easy AutoCAD commands please click http://studyempire.blogspot.in/2017/06/basic-auto-cad.html
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1. CAD & CAMNOTES –by S.S.H.RIZVI AssistantProfessor(Mech.Engg.)
UNIT-IV
CNC
A CNC machine is an NC machine with the added feature of an onboard computer. The onboard computer is
often referred to as the machine control unit or MCU. Control units for NC machines are usually hardwired,
which means that all machine functions are controlled by the physical electronic elements that are built into the
controller. The onboard computer, on the other hand, is “soft” wired, which means the machine functions are
encoded into the computer at the time of manufacture, and they will not be erased when the CNC machine is
turned off. Computer memory that holds such information is known as ROM or read-only memory. The MCU
usually has an alphanumeric keyboard for director manual data input (MDI) of part programs. Such programs
are stored in RAM or the random-access memory portion of the computer. They can be played back, edited, and
processed by the control. All programs residing in RAM, however, are lost when the CNC machine is turned
off. These programs can be saved on auxiliary storage devices such as punched tape, magnetic tape, or magnetic
disk. Newer MCU units have graphics screens that can display not only the CNC program but the cutter paths
generated and any errors in the program.
Direct numerical control (DNC)
Direct numerical control (DNC), is a system that uses a central computer to control several machines at the same
time also known as distributed numerical control (also DNC), the central computer downloads complete
programs to the CNC machines, which can be workstations or PCs, and can get the information for the machine
operations. The speed of the system is increased, large files can be handled and the number of machine tools
used is expanded. It is a common manufacturing term for networking CNC machine tools. On some CNC
machine controllers, the available memory is too small to contain the machining program (for example
machining complex surfaces), so in this case the program is stored in a separate computer and sent directly to
the machine, one block at a time. If the computer is connected to a number of machines it can distribute
programs to different machines as required. Usually, the manufacturer of the control provides suitable DNC
software. However, if this provision is not possible, some software companies provide DNC applications that
fulfil the purpose. DNC networking or DNC communication is always required when CAM programs are to run
on some CNC machine control.
Wireless DNC is also used in place of hard-wired versions.Controls of this type are very widely used in
industries with significant sheet metal fabrication, such as the automotive, appliance, and aerospace industries.
Flexible manufacturing cell (FMC).
FMC consists oftwo or three processing workstation and a part handling system. The part handling systemis
connected to a load/unload station.It is capable of simultaneous production of different parts. FMC is a
manufacturing cell or systemconsisting ofone or more CNC machines, connected by automated material
handling system, pick-and-place robots and all operated underthe control of a central computer. It also has
auxiliary sub-systems like component load/unload station,automatic tool handling system, tool pre-setter,
component measuring station,wash station etc. Each of these will have further elements depending upon the
requirement as given below,
A. Workstations
CNC machine tools
Assembly equipment
Measuring Equipment
Washing stations
B. Material handling Equipment
Load unload stations (Palletizing)
Robotics
Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs)
Automated Storage and retrieval Systems (AS/RS)
C. Tool systems
Tool setting stations
Tool transport systems
D. Control system
Monitoring equipments
Networks
2. CAD & CAMNOTES –by S.S.H.RIZVI AssistantProfessor(Mech.Engg.)
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is some amount of flexibility
that allows the system to react in case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted. Flexibility in
manufacturing means the ability to deal with slightly or greatly mixed parts, to allow variation in parts assembly
and variations in process sequence, change the production volume and change the design of certain product
being manufactured.
This flexibility is generally considered to fall into two categories, which both contain numerous subcategories.
The first category, machine flexibility, covers the system's ability to be changed to produce new product types,
and ability to change the order of operations executed on a part. The second category is called routing flexibility,
which consists of the ability to use multiple machines to perform the same operation on a part, as well as the
system's ability to absorb large-scale changes, such as in volume, capacity, or capability.
Most FMS consist of three main systems. The work machines which are often automated CNC machines are
connected by a material handling system to optimize parts flow and the central control computer which controls
material movements and machine flow.
The main advantage of an FMS is its high flexibility in managing manufacturing resources like time and effort
in order to manufacture a new product.The best application of an FMS is found in the production of small sets
of products like those from a mass production.
Advantages of FMS
Reduced manufacturing cost
Lower cost per unit produced,
Greater labour productivity,
Greater machine efficiency,
Improved quality,
Increased systemreliability,
Reduced parts inventories,
Adaptability to CAD/CAM operations.
Shorter lead times
Improved efficiency
Increase production rate
Disadvantages of FMS
Initial set-up cost is high,
Substantial pre-planning
Requirement of skilled labour
Complicated system
CIM
The Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) defined CIM as ‘CIM is the integration of the total
manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with new
managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency'.
CIM basically involves the integration of advanced technologies such as computer aided design (CAD),
computer aided manufacturing (CAM), computer numerical control (CNC), robots, automated material handling
systems, etc. Today CIM has moved a step ahead by including and integrating the business improvement
activities such as customer satisfaction, total quality and continuous improvement. These activities are now
managed by computers. Business and marketing teams continuously feed the customer feedback to the design
and production teams by using the networking systems. Based on the customer requirements, design and
manufacturing teams can immediately improve the existing product design or can develop an entirely new
product. Thus, the use of computers and automation technologies made the manufacturing industry capable to
provide rapid response to the changing needs of customers.
3. CAD & CAMNOTES –by S.S.H.RIZVI AssistantProfessor(Mech.Engg.)
Automated Guided Vehicles
Automated guided vehicle systems (AGVs), commonly known as driverless vehicles, are turning out to be an
important part of the automated manufacturing system. With the shift from mass production to mid volume and
mid variety, flexible manufacturing systems are increasingly in use. They require not only machine flexibility
but also material handling, storage, and retrieval flexibility. Hence, the importance of AGVs has grown in
manifold. It is a battery powered driverless vehicle with programming capabilities for destination, path selection
and positioning. The AGVs belongs to a class of highly flexible, intelligent, and versatile material handling
systems used to transport materials from various loading locations to various unloading locations throughout the
facility. The capability related to collision avoidance is nicely inbuilt in AGVS. Therefore, the vehicle comes to
a dead stop before any damage is done to the personnel, materials, or structures. They are becoming an integral
part of flexible manufacturing system installations. Now a day, AGVS are versatile in nature and possess
flexible material handling system. They use modern microprocessor technology to guide a vehicle along a
prescribed path and makes correction if the vehicle strays from the path. A system controller receives
instructions directly from the host computer, communicates with other vehicles, and issues appropriate
commands to each vehicle. To avoid collision, communication is necessary among the AGVs. To facilitate the
communication, they are connected through a wire in the floor or by radio.
Components of AGVS
There are four main components of an automated guided vehicle system.
They are as follows:
The Vehicle: It is used to move the material within the systemwithout a human operator.
The Guide Path: It guides the vehicle to move along the path.
The Control Unit: It monitors and directs system operations including feedback on moves, inventory, and
vehicles.
The Computer Interface: It is connected with other computers and systems such as mainframe host computer,
the Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS), and the Flexible Manufacturing System.
Different Types of AGVS
There are different types of automated guided vehicles that are able to cater different service requirements. The
vehicle types include:
AGVS towing vehicles
AGVS unit load transporters
AGVS pallet trucks
AGVS forklift trucks
AGVS light load transporters
AGVS assembly line vehicles
ROBOTS
An industrial robot is a general purpose, programmable machine possessing certain anthropomorphic
characteristics. Mechanical arm is the most common characteristic of an industrial arm and is used to perform
various industrial tasks. Making decisions, capability to communicate with other machines, and capability to
respond to sensory inputs are the important attributes of an industrial robot. These capabilities allow the robots
to be more versatile in nature. It involves the coordinated control of multiple axes(joints) and use dedicated
digital computers as controllers. The various reasons for the commercial and technological importance of
industrial robots include the following:
(i)Robots can be substituted for humans in hazardous or uncomfortable work environments. A robot performs its
work cycle with a consistency and repeatability that cannot be attained by humans.
(ii)Robots can be reprogrammed. When the production run of the current task is completed, a robot can be
reprogrammed and equipped with necessary tooling to performan altogether different task.
(iii)Robots are controlled by computers and can therefore be connected to other computer systems to achieve
computer integrated manufacturing.
Robot Anatomy
A robot joint is a mechanism that permits relative movement between parts of a robot arm. The joints of a robot
are designed to enable the robot to move its end effector along a path fromone position to another as desired.
The basic movements required for the desired motion of most industrial robots are:
4. CAD & CAMNOTES –by S.S.H.RIZVI AssistantProfessor(Mech.Engg.)
Rotational Movement
This enables the robot to place its arm in any direction on a horizontal direction.
Radial Movement
This helps the robot to move its end effector radially to reach distant points.
Vertical Movement
This enables the robot to take its end effector to different heights.These degrees of freedom, in combination
with others or independently, define the complete motion of the end effector. Individual joints of the robot arm
are responsible for the accomplishment of different movements. The joint movements are in synergy with the
relative motion of adjoining links. Depending on the nature of this relative motion, the joints are classified as
prismatic or revolute
.
Applications of Robots
Robots are widely employed in the following applications in manufacturing:
A. Parts handling: it involves various activities such as:
Recognizing, sorting/separating the parts
Picking and placing parts at desired locations
Palletizing and de-palletizing
Loading and unloading of the parts on required machines
B. Parts processing:this may involves many manufacturing operations such as:
Routing
Drilling
Riveting
Arc welding
Grinding
Flame cutting
Deburring
Spray painting
Coating
Sand blasting
Dip coating
Gluing
Polishing
Heat treatment
C. Product building: this involves development and building of various products such as:
Electrical motors
Car bodies
Solenoids
Circuit boards and operations like
o Bolting
o Riveting
o Spot welding
o Seam welding
o Inserting
o Nailing
o Fitting
o Adhesive bonding
o Inspection