CNC machines are computer-controlled machine tools that can be programmed to automatically perform tasks like cutting, drilling, grinding, milling, turning, and others. Key elements of a CNC machine include inputs, machine control units, machine tools, drives, feedback devices, and displays. CNC machines are used across industries like aerospace, machinery, automotive, and more to manufacture complex parts for products with high accuracy. Some common applications of CNC machines include engine blocks, aircraft parts, electronic components, and molds.

1. Application of CNC Machine

2. Contents
2
• Introduction to CNC
• History of CNC
• Operations in CNC
• Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC
• Axis selection
• Element of CNC Machine
• Application of CNC Machine

3. Introduction to CNC
3
• Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine tools that are
operated by precisely programmed commands encoded on a storage
medium, as opposed to controlled manually.
• Most NC today is computer numerical control (CNC), in which
computers play an integral part of the control.
• In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly
automated using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM) programs.

4. History of CNC
1949
US Air Force asks MIT to develop a "numerically controlled"
machine.
1952
Prototype NC machine demonstrated (punched tape input)
1980-
CNC machines (computer used to link directly to controller)
1990-
DNC: external computer “drip feeds” control programmer
to machine tool controller

5. • The first NC machines were built in the 1940s and 1950s by
Prof. John T Parson.
• CNC machine came into existence after evolution of
computer around 1980.
• Modern CNC Machine are improving further as the
technology is changing with a variety of functions according
to applications.

6. • CAM
• NC Machines
• CNC Machines
• DNC Systems
CAM

7. • CAM
• NC Machines
• Hardware
• Machine Control Unit (MCU)
• The Method of Program execution
• CNC Machines
• Hardware
• Functions of MCU in CNC
• CNC Programming with Fanuc Controller (G-Code & M-Code)
• DNC
• Working Principle

8. 1st CNC by MIT

10. CNC Machines- How do they look like?
Slides
Controller
Servo Motors
Display Console
Controller
Automated
Tool changer
Coolant
control
Chip collection and
removal

11. CNC Machine System

12. MT1
MCU
MT2
MCU
MT3
MCU
Central Computer
Bulk memory
NC Programs
Telecommunication lines
DNC Machine

13. Automated Manufacturing system includes
(Operates on Physical Product)
• Automated machine tools that process parts (Ex. NC & CNC Machines)
• Automated Material handling (Ex. Power conveyor )
• Automated Guided vehicles
• Automated assembly system (Robots are used to perform assembly)
• Automatic storage & retrieval
• Automatic inspection systems for quality control

14. 14
CNC Operations are:-
• CNC Water Jet Cutter
• Drilling
• Sheet metal works (Turret punch)
• Wire bending machines
• Surface grinders
• Cylindrical grinders
• submerged welding
• Glass cutting

15. Advantages of CNC
15
• CNC machines can be used continuously
• Batch production with high accuracy
• Can be updated by improving the software
• Training in the use of CNCs is available through the use of ‘virtual software’.
• No need to make a prototype or a model
• One person can supervise many CNC machines simultaneously
• saves time
• Reduces non productive time
• Reduces manufacturing lead time
• Greater manufacturing flexibility

16. Disadvantages
16
• More expensive than manually operated machines
• The CNC machine operator only needs basic training and skills,
enough to supervise several machines. In years gone by, engineers
needed years of training to operate centre lathes, milling machines
and other manually operated machines. This means many of the old
skills are been lost.
• Investment in CNC machines can lead to unemployment

18. Elements of CNC Machine
• A CNC machine consist of following 6 major elements:
i. Input Device
ii. Machine Control Unit
iii. Machine Tool
iv. Driving System
v. Feedback Devices
vi. Display Unit

19. Central Processing Unit
(CPU)

20. Memory
-RAM: Operating System
- ROM: Part Program

21. I/O Interface
-Operator Panel
-Tape reader

22. Machine Tool Control
-Position Control
-Spindle Control

23. Sequence Control
-Coolant
-Tool Changer
-Automatic Chucking

24. Memory
-RAM: Operating System
- ROM: Part Program
I/O Interface
-Operator Panel
-Tape reader
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
Machine Tool Control
-Position Control
-Spindle Control
Sequence Control
-Coolant
-Tool Changer
-Automatic Chucking
System bus

25. Block diagram of CNC Machine

26. SAMPLE
CNC MACHINES

27. CNC TURNING

29. CNC MILLING

30. CNC Drill

31. CNC Grinding

32. CNC LASER CUTTING

33. CNC PLASMA CUTTING

34. CNC PRESS

35. CNC RAPID PROTOTYPING

36. CMM for inspection

37. Operations in CNC
37
CNC Milling
CNC Plasma Cutter
CNC Electric Discharge Machining

38. INDUSTRIES MOST AFFECTED by CNC
• Aerospace
• Machinery
• Electrical
• Fabrication
• Automotive
• Instrumentation
• Mold making

39. SAMPLE PRODUCTS
OF
CNC MANUFACTURING

40. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Engine Block

41. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY(Cont’d)
Different Products

42. AEROSPACE INDUSTRY Aircraft Turbine
Machined by 5-Axis CNC Milling Machine

43. CNC MOLD MAKING

44. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY

45. RAPID PROTOTYPING
PRODUCTS

46. Automation in Production Systems
• Automation can be defined as a technology concerned with
the application of mechanical, electronic, and computer-
based systems to operate and control production.
• Mechatronics engineering, is a multidisciplinary branch of
engineering that focuses on the engineering of both electrical
and mechanical systems, and also includes a combination of
robotics, electronics, computer, telecommunications,
systems, control, and product engineering.

47. Automated Manufacturing Systems
• Classified into 3 basic types.
1. Fixed Automation : sequence of processing (or assembly)
operations is fixed.
Typical features of fixed automation are
• High initial investment (custom-engineered equipment)
• High production rate
• Relative inflexible in accommodating product variety

48. Automated Manufacturing Systems
• Very large quantities and high production rate
• High initial cost of the equipment can be spread over
a very large number of units
• Ex Machining transfer lines and Automated assembly
machines.

49. Automated Manufacturing Systems
2. Programmable Automation
• The operation sequence is controlled by a program.
• New programs can be prepared and entered into the
equipment to produce new products.
• Typical features of programmable automation are
• High investment in General purpose machines
• Low production rate than fixed automation

50. Automated Manufacturing Systems
• Typical features of programmable automation are
• Flexibility to deal with variation and change in
product configuration
• Changeover procedure takes time
• Include numerically controlled (NC,CNC) machine tools,
in industrial robots, and programmable logic
controllers.

51. Automated Manufacturing Systems
• Flexible Automation:
• No time lost for changeovers from one part style to the
next
• Soft variety
• Typical features of flexible automation are
• High investment for Custom engineered systems
• Continuous production of variable mixtures of products

52. Automated Manufacturing Systems
• Typical features of flexible automation are
• Medium production rate
• Flexible to deal with product design variations

53. Automated Manufacturing Systems

55. CNC Machines

56. Power Conveyor

57. Automatic Guided Vehicles

58. Automatic assembly station

59. Automatic Storage & Retrieval

60. Automatic Inspection system