CM - An introduction to Building Information Modelling (BIM)

CORSO DI
COSTRUZIONI METALLICHE
An introduction
to Building
Information
Modelling (BIM)
Konstantinos Gkoumas,
Ph.D., P.E.
Docente: Franco Bontempi,
Ph.D., P.E.
Facoltà di Ingegneria
Sapienza Università di Roma
CORSO DI COSTRUZIONI METALLICHE
Konstantinos Gkoumas
17/12/2015
Source: http://macinteract.com/bim-reality-check-1253

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COSTRUZIONI METALLICHE Page 2An introduction to
Building Information Modelling
17/12/2015
BIM - Introduction
• Productivity and automations has been slow in the last decades
in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry (AEC)
• AEC necessitates to embrace the benefits of integrated data
management
• This includes the gathering, processing, and utilizing information
across the spectrum of consulting, design, implementation, and
operations
• BIM is a process improvement methodology that leverages data
to analyze and predict outcomes throughout different phases of
the building life cycle
• BIM is a database-driven representation of the building
throughout the building’s life cycle
Construction technology needs

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BIM - Introduction
Construction technology transformation timeline
http://dcee2015.info

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BIM - Introduction

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BIM - Introduction
• Public participation design process
• Learnable design tool
• Experience Based Maker
• Human-centered
• Interactive cooperation/ Complete integration (also software)
• 3D printing technology on construction
• Big data
• Trackable design tool
• Analysis on disaster prevention
• Concurrent cross-disciplinary design process
• Biotech materials
• Emotional design
• Algorithm/automatic design

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BIM - Introduction
Source: Sackey, Enoch, A Sociotechnical Systems Analysis of Building Information Modelling (STSaBIM)
Implementation in Construction Organisations, PhD Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014

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BIM - Introduction
Definitions
• Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the process of generating
and managing building data during its life cycle
• Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of
physical and functional characteristics of a facility
– A BIM is a shared knowledge resource for information about a
facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle,
defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition
• BIM models are differentiated from traditional CAD systems in
that the software objects in a BIM model are intelligible to
computer programs as representations of real-world building
components, unlike the graphic objects in a two-dimensional CAD
file

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BIM - Introduction
What about
• BIM is the process of generating and managing project
information throughout the whole life cycle of the
infrastructure – not just that for a building – from planning and
design, through construction, to operation, maintenance and
de-commissioning.
• BIM describes an activity, not an object, and is therefore much
more than a single technology or tool (e.g. REVIT) ~ it’s a
quantum change in design and delivery practice, processes and
behaviors – and because it is addressing infrastructure, sound
information management and GIS is critical to its delivery.

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BIM - Introduction
What for
• Design visualization
• Reduction of Errors
• 4D Constructability
• 5D Cost Estimating
• Asset/Equipment Inventory
• Facility Operations
• Space assignment
• Maintenance/Repair
• Collision Detection
• Quantity Take Off
• Emergency response, etc.

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BIM - Introduction
Glossary
Source: BUILDING BEFORE BUILDING: THE BIM REVOLUTION
http://www.bimgeneration.com/english/pdf/bim-book_25x30.pdf
• 3D MODEL: a 3D representation of all data making it possible to design and
construct a project and simulate its behaviour.
• BIM (BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING): a process by which this data is
managed throughout the life-cycle of the building.
• 4D: Phasing and programming. When time is added to the model, it creates a
fourth dimension enabling those involved in the project to observe how the
scheme might be phased and built.
• 5D: Cost. A fifth dimension is introduced when the concept of cost over time is
added to the 3D model. 5D allows modellers to explore the budget/estimated
cost of a project at any given point in time during the project.
• 6D: Asset Management and Facility Management.The 6D model is often referred
to as the "As Built" model.This model is handed over to the client/end user
once the project has reached practical completion.
• 7D: The next dimension, not widely used in construction, today refers to
energy and environmental performances of the project.

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BIM - Introduction
X-Ds (information associated with the model)

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BIM - Introduction
Obstacles to BIM
• Training curve. Even those trained in CAD today need to step
back and realize that this is something new.This is not CAD+, or
Son of CAD. BIM is its own approach and its own discipline. It
warrants and requires serious, and possibly lengthy, study to
become proficient in the ins and outs of the tools, but any time
spent now to master this approach will be time (and money)
well spent.
• Cost of software. BIM tools do not come inexpensively, and it
may fall outside the budgetary realities of a smaller firm. Smaller
firms can still benefit from BIM by participating in team meetings,
and possibly outsource any required model construction to BIM
consultants.
Source: Building Information Modeling:. Understanding and Operating in a New Paradigm.
Prepared for The Foundation of Wall and Ceiling Industry By Words & Images, 2009

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Purpose
Sharing of intelligent models from cross-functional project teams to
better plan, design, build, and manage building and infrastructure projects.
BIM - Introduction

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BIM - Introduction
Purpose
BIM can be broken down into different but similar
database sets that are based on the author and use of the
information:
• Design intent model (by the designer for the designer)
• Build intent model (by the contractor for the
contractor)
• Fabrication intent model (by the subcontractor for the
subcontractor)
• Facility management model (by the owner for the
owner)

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BIM - Introduction
Purpose
Τhere are four main BIM objectives:
• Architect’s BIM
– the primary deliverable of the architect (the construction documents)
helps define an architect’s BIM.
• Contractor’s BIM
– ability to identify design issues with the building before the construction
trailer is placed on the site
• Building product manufacturer’s BIM
– To provide an accurate model of its equipment to the mechanical
contractor so that its product will be specified in the model and in the
construction drawings.
• Owner’s BIM
– serves not only as a virtual model but also as a database that contains all
the information about a building’s space, equipment, furnishings, installations,
and critical warranties in graphical and nongraphical format.

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BIM - Introduction
From CAD to BIM
From CAD to BIM
• A BIM model is not simply a
3D CAD model, i.e. digital
equivalent of a card model! 3D
CAD models are not new, but
in most cases they represent
only the visual aspects of the
building.
• In a BIM model it is possible to
add non-graphic information
about the components (BIM
objects) in the digital model,
thus, creating designs with
intelligent objects.

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BIM - Introduction
From CAD to BIM
source http://www.r-m-a-architekten.de

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BIM - Introduction
Main aspects of BIM

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BIM - Introduction
“what” can be done - and “what for”

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BIM - Characteristics
Architect’s BIM
BIM interacts in the four phase architectural design process:
• programming phase (the activity of setting the needs that a
building must fulfill).
• schematic design phase (obtain an overall high-level design or
“scheme.”)
• design development phase (the schematic design is refined into
the final design.The focus shifts from the overall project to a
more detailed view of the project)
• construction document phase (creation of the construction
documents, which the general contractor will use to construct
the building)

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BIM levels
• Level 1: 2D & 3D using models, objects plus file based collab.
• Level 2: BIMs plus file based collab. and library management for models
and objects and
• Level 3: iBIM, Lifestyle Management, common dictionaries, data and
processes, integrated and interoperable data through web

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BIM maturity level (UK)

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Future trends*
• Predictive Maintenance (to analyze BIM data across a portfolio of
buildings and to determine maintenance cycles)
• Constructability Analysis (to simulate the construction process
and to predict outcomes)
• Product Manufacturer Analysis (to provide product information
models – PIMs - for use in BIM software)
• Building Management Systems (to have detailed information about
the building, its systems and intelligence)
* (adapted from: BIM for Building Owners and Developers: Making a Business Case for Using BIM on
Projects, K. Pramod Reddy, January 2012)

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BIM enabled software (commercialy available)
CAE
• Bentley AECOsim Building Designer http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Products/AECOsim+Building+Designer
• GRAPHISOFT ArchiCAD http://www.graphisoft.com/archicad
• Tekla Structures http://www.tekla.com/products/tekla-structures
• Autodesk Revit Architecture http://www.autodesk.com/products/revit-family/overview
• NEMETSCHEK Allplan Architecture http://www.allplan.com/en/software/architecture/allplan-architecture.html
• NEMETSCHEK Vectorworks Architect http://www.vectorworks.net/architect
• 4M IDEA Architectural http://www.4msa.com/ideaENG.html
• Virtual BuildTechnologies RhinoBIM http://rhinobim.com
• GehryTechnologies Trimble Connect http://connect.trimble.com
• Softtech Spirit https://www.softtech.de/software/spirit-2d-3d-bim-cad
• CADSoft Envisioneer http://www.cadsoft.com

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Source: Sackey, Enoch, A Sociotechnical Systems Analysis of Building Information Modelling (STSaBIM) Implementation in Construction
Organisations, PhD Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014
UK most popular BIM platforms
BIM enabled software (commercialy available)
CAE

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BIM -Transition
The uses of BIM
Source:
"Determining the Frequency and Benefit of Applying
BIM for Different Purposes on Building Projects"
Ralph Kreider, John Messner, and Craig Dubler,
“Determining the Frequency and Impact of Applying
BIM for Different Purposes on Building Projects,” in
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on
Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and
Construction (AEC) (Penn State University,
University Park, PA, USA, 2010),
http://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/AEC2010 .

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BIM - Implementation
Time-cost analysis
Source:
http://www.shoegnome.com/2012/10/15/how-bim-can-bankrupt-your-firm/

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Failed implementation
Source:
http://www.shoegnome.com/2012/10/15/how-bim-can-bankrupt-your-firm/

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EffortVS cost

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DIRECTIVE 2014/24/EU

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UK
Source:
http://bimcrunch.com/2015/10/april-4th-2016-official-date-set-for-uk-government-
mandate

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Italy

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BIM - Example
Archicad
3D model in ArchiCAD (left) and
the Interactive Schedule Element (right)

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BIM - Example
Revit

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BIM in AEC

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COSTRUZIONI METALLICHE Page 37Konstantinos Gkoumas
17/12/2015
References
• DIRECTIVE 2014/24/EU
• Jarnagin, R.E. 2008.ASHRAEVision 2020.Atlanta:ASHRAEVision 2020 Ad Hoc
Committee.
• National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). 2007. National Building Information
Modeling StandardVersion 1, Part 1.
• Jernigan, F. 2007. BIG BIM little bim,The Practical Approach to Building Information
Modeling, Integrated Practice Done the RightWay! Salisbury, Md.: 4Site Press.
• Parker, S. 1984. McGraw Hill Dictionary of Science and Engineering. NewYork:
McGraw-Hill.
• NISTIR 7417. 2007.
• Eastman, C., et. al. 2008. BIM Handbook,A Guide to Building Information Modeling
for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. Hoboken, N.J.: John
Wiley & Sons.
An introduction to

CORSO DI
COSTRUZIONI METALLICHE Page 38Konstantinos Gkoumas
17/12/2015
An introduction to
Thank you!
konstantinos.gkoumas@uniroma1.it
An introduction to

CM - An introduction to Building Information Modelling (BIM)

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