A concise and well fabricated presentation the current techniques used for plant genome editing including CRISPER/cas9 system, TALENS, TELES, ZINC FINGER NUCLEASES(ZFN), HEJ (homologous endjoing) and many other high throughout techniques along references.
Marker Assisted Selection in Crop BreedingPawan Chauhan
Marker Assisted Selection is a value addition to conventional methods of Crop Breeding. It has been gaining importance in plant breeding with new generation of plant breeders and to get accurate and fast desired result from plant breeding.
Within the last twenty years, molecular biology has revolutionized conventional breeding techniques in all areas. Biochemical and Molecular techniques have shortened the duration of breeding programs from years to months, weeks, or eliminated the need for them all together. The use of molecular markers in conventional breeding techniques has also improved the accuracy of crosses and allowed breeders to produce strains with combined traits that were impossible before the advent of DNA technology
A concise and well fabricated presentation the current techniques used for plant genome editing including CRISPER/cas9 system, TALENS, TELES, ZINC FINGER NUCLEASES(ZFN), HEJ (homologous endjoing) and many other high throughout techniques along references.
Marker Assisted Selection in Crop BreedingPawan Chauhan
Marker Assisted Selection is a value addition to conventional methods of Crop Breeding. It has been gaining importance in plant breeding with new generation of plant breeders and to get accurate and fast desired result from plant breeding.
Within the last twenty years, molecular biology has revolutionized conventional breeding techniques in all areas. Biochemical and Molecular techniques have shortened the duration of breeding programs from years to months, weeks, or eliminated the need for them all together. The use of molecular markers in conventional breeding techniques has also improved the accuracy of crosses and allowed breeders to produce strains with combined traits that were impossible before the advent of DNA technology
A new era of genomics for plant science research has opened due the complete genome sequencing projects of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. The sequence information available in public database has highlighted the need to develop genome scale reverse genetic strategies for functional analysis (Till et al., 2003). As most of the phenotypes are obscure, the forward genetics can hardly meet the demand of a high throughput and large-scale survey of gene functions. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genome TILLING is a general reverse genetic technique that combines chemical mutagenesis with PCR based screening to identity point mutations in regions of interest (McCallum et al., 2000). This strategy works with a mismatch-specific endonuclease to detect induced or natural DNA polymorphisms in genes of interest. A newly developed general reverse genetic strategy helps to locate an allelic series of induced point mutations in genes of interest. It allows the rapid and inexpensive detection of induced point mutations in populations of physically or chemically mutagenized individuals. To create an induced population with the use of physical/chemical mutagens is the first prerequisite for TILLING approach. Most of the plant species are compatible with this technique due to their self-fertilized nature and the seeds produced by these plants can be stored for long periods of time (Borevitz et al., 2003). The seeds are treated with mutagens and raised to harvest M1 plants, which are consequently, self-fertilized to raise the M2 population. DNA extracted from M2 plants is used in mutational screening (Colbert et al., 2001). To avoid mixing of the same mutation only one M2 plant from each M1 is used for DNA extraction (Till et al., 2007). The M3 seeds produce by selfing the M2 progeny can be well preserved for long term storage. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) has been extensively used as a chemical mutagen in TILLING studies in plants to generate mutant populations, although other mutagens can be effective. EMS produces transitional mutations (G/C, A/T) by alkylating G residues which pairs with T instead of the conservative base pairing with C (Nagy et al., 2003). It is a constructive approach for users to attempt a range of chemical mutagens to assess the lethality and sterility on germinal tissue before creating large mutant populations.
I would like to share this presentation file.
Some basics information regarding to molecular plant breeding, hope this help the beginner who start working in this field.
Thanks for many original source of information (mainly from slideshare.net, IRRI, CIMMYT and any paper received from professor and some over the internet)
An overview of agricultural applications of genome editing: Crop plantsOECD Environment
The presentation gives an overview of genome editing applications in relation to crop plants. The aim is to have a better understanding of the specific features of genome editing in comparison with classical breeding and genetic engineering techniques. It will give an overview of some examples of agricultural applications that may be on or close to the market or under research and development. It will also consider the possibility of foreseeing future applications (e.g. variations in CRISPR/Cas applications, DNA-free application, agricultural pest control), if possible.
Gene stacking is a type of gene cloning that refers to the process of combining two or more genes of interest into a single plant. The emerging combined traits from this process are called stacked traits. A genetically engineered crop variety that bears stacked traits is called a biotech stack or simply stack.
RNA interference (RNAi): Cellular process by which an mRNA is targeted for degradation by a dsRNA with a strand complementary to a fragment of such mRNA.
Effects of cytokinins and auxins on micropropagation of Musa spp. cv. YangambiAgriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted at Banana Tissue Culture lab of Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to obtain a standardized micropropagation protocol supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins and auxins for Musa cv. Yangambi Km-5 (AAA) variety. Data collected for in vitro culture consists of the following parameters: days for bud initiation, rate of shoot proliferation (%), growth value (gm) and number of multiple shoot buds during multiplication stage. Remarkable effects of Cytokinins and Auxins were observed in Yangambi Km-5. Out of various treatments, best concentration for multiple shoot in short period of time for Yangambi Km-5 was found in mediums 3 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 100 mg/l ADS and 1.5 mg/l BAP + 1.5 mg/l KN + 1 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 100 mg/l ADS. Maximum growth value, rate of proliferation and number of shoot buds was obtained from explants culture medium 3 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 100 mg/l ADS.
A new era of genomics for plant science research has opened due the complete genome sequencing projects of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. The sequence information available in public database has highlighted the need to develop genome scale reverse genetic strategies for functional analysis (Till et al., 2003). As most of the phenotypes are obscure, the forward genetics can hardly meet the demand of a high throughput and large-scale survey of gene functions. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genome TILLING is a general reverse genetic technique that combines chemical mutagenesis with PCR based screening to identity point mutations in regions of interest (McCallum et al., 2000). This strategy works with a mismatch-specific endonuclease to detect induced or natural DNA polymorphisms in genes of interest. A newly developed general reverse genetic strategy helps to locate an allelic series of induced point mutations in genes of interest. It allows the rapid and inexpensive detection of induced point mutations in populations of physically or chemically mutagenized individuals. To create an induced population with the use of physical/chemical mutagens is the first prerequisite for TILLING approach. Most of the plant species are compatible with this technique due to their self-fertilized nature and the seeds produced by these plants can be stored for long periods of time (Borevitz et al., 2003). The seeds are treated with mutagens and raised to harvest M1 plants, which are consequently, self-fertilized to raise the M2 population. DNA extracted from M2 plants is used in mutational screening (Colbert et al., 2001). To avoid mixing of the same mutation only one M2 plant from each M1 is used for DNA extraction (Till et al., 2007). The M3 seeds produce by selfing the M2 progeny can be well preserved for long term storage. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) has been extensively used as a chemical mutagen in TILLING studies in plants to generate mutant populations, although other mutagens can be effective. EMS produces transitional mutations (G/C, A/T) by alkylating G residues which pairs with T instead of the conservative base pairing with C (Nagy et al., 2003). It is a constructive approach for users to attempt a range of chemical mutagens to assess the lethality and sterility on germinal tissue before creating large mutant populations.
I would like to share this presentation file.
Some basics information regarding to molecular plant breeding, hope this help the beginner who start working in this field.
Thanks for many original source of information (mainly from slideshare.net, IRRI, CIMMYT and any paper received from professor and some over the internet)
An overview of agricultural applications of genome editing: Crop plantsOECD Environment
The presentation gives an overview of genome editing applications in relation to crop plants. The aim is to have a better understanding of the specific features of genome editing in comparison with classical breeding and genetic engineering techniques. It will give an overview of some examples of agricultural applications that may be on or close to the market or under research and development. It will also consider the possibility of foreseeing future applications (e.g. variations in CRISPR/Cas applications, DNA-free application, agricultural pest control), if possible.
Gene stacking is a type of gene cloning that refers to the process of combining two or more genes of interest into a single plant. The emerging combined traits from this process are called stacked traits. A genetically engineered crop variety that bears stacked traits is called a biotech stack or simply stack.
RNA interference (RNAi): Cellular process by which an mRNA is targeted for degradation by a dsRNA with a strand complementary to a fragment of such mRNA.
Effects of cytokinins and auxins on micropropagation of Musa spp. cv. YangambiAgriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The present study was conducted at Banana Tissue Culture lab of Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to obtain a standardized micropropagation protocol supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins and auxins for Musa cv. Yangambi Km-5 (AAA) variety. Data collected for in vitro culture consists of the following parameters: days for bud initiation, rate of shoot proliferation (%), growth value (gm) and number of multiple shoot buds during multiplication stage. Remarkable effects of Cytokinins and Auxins were observed in Yangambi Km-5. Out of various treatments, best concentration for multiple shoot in short period of time for Yangambi Km-5 was found in mediums 3 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 100 mg/l ADS and 1.5 mg/l BAP + 1.5 mg/l KN + 1 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 100 mg/l ADS. Maximum growth value, rate of proliferation and number of shoot buds was obtained from explants culture medium 3 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.25 mg/l NAA + 100 mg/l ADS.
rapd marker, molecular marker by K. K SAHU SirKAUSHAL SAHU
INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
HISTORY
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM
CLASSIFICATION OF MARKER
RANDOM AMPLIFY POLYMORPHIC DNA
PCR PRODUCT OCCUR WHEN?
PROCEDURE OF RAPDs
USES OF RAPD MARKER
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGE
LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSION
WDR7 up-regulation upon knocking down of neighboring noncoding RNA using siRN...Vahid Erfani-Moghadam
Objective(s): Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in females. Understanding molecular mechanisms in cancer cells compared with normal cells is crucial for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, a regulator of reprogramming (lincRNA-RoR) is a noncoding RNA which initially was detected in induced pluripotent stem cells, and it has an important role in cell reprogramming and highly expressed in breast cancer cells. A key point in successful gene silencing is the usage of siRNA delivery system that is safe and efficient. Materials and Methods: In this study, the fifth-generation of PAMAM dendrimer is used as a nanocarrier for entering siRNA molecules for gene silencing of lincRNA-RoR. WDR7 is the gene encoding adjacent of lincRNA-RoR, which has an important role in apoptosis and cell cycle. Gel retardation assay was used to find the best Negative/Positive (N/P) molar charge ratio of siRNA- PAMAM transfected into MDA-MB 231 cells. MTT assay was performed 24 hr after transfection revealed the IC50 value (half maximal inhibitory concentrations) about 100 nanomolar for lincRNA-ROR siRNA. Results: The lincRNA-RoR and WDR7 gene expression changes were evaluated by real-time PCR after siRNA treatment and showed an increase in the gene expression of WDR7. Conclusion: This study showed that PAMAM dendrimer G5/ siRNA could be a useful system delivery for future gene therapy approaches.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Ficus Species Using Rapd Markers as a Meas...iosrjce
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis is an excellent tool as a biomarker in determining
genetic purity and estimating genetic diversity in plant species. Seven species of Ficus genus that are locally
available in Hyderabad such as Ficus benjamina, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus elastica, Ficus binnebdjkii, Ficus
benghalensis, Ficus religiosa and Ficus carica. Those ficus cultivars were then analysed by using three
oligonucletide primer Z13 (5’GACTAAGCCC 3’), Z17 (5’ CCTTCCCACT 3’) and Z18 (5’AGGGTCTGTG 3’).
A total of 340 amplified fragments, in which 212 (62.4%) were polymorphic fragments. The number of
polymorphic bands scored per primer ranged from 9 (primer Z13) to 25 (primer Z18). Sixty out of 340 RAPDPCR
fragments were found to be useful as cultivar specific markers. Genetic similarities among the seven Ficus
cultivars were estimated according to RAPD and cultivar distribution on the concensus tree according to
banding pattern of RAPD. Results of combined data exhibited that Ficus benghalensis and Ficus elastica are
related cultivars with highest similarity index. On the other hand Ficus benghalensis and Ficus benjamina are
two distant related species with low similarity index.
Molecular Basis for Genetic Resistance of Fusarium virguliforme, the Causal A...Chloe Siegel
This poster was presented at the Undergraduate Research Symposium at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. It summarizes a semester-long research project I participated in through the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences.
Genome Sequencing in Finger Millet
Genome size estimation
SOLiD Sequencing Technology
Illumina Sequencing Technology
Gene prediction and functional annotation of genes
Mining of plant transcription factors and other genes
An honest effort to present molecular marker in easiest way both informative and conceptual. Hybridization based (non-PCR) and PCR based markers are discussed to the point with suitable diagram.
this is a presentation on molecular markers that include what is molecular marker, it's types, biochemical markets (alloenzyme), it's classification, data analysis and it's applications
B4FA 2012 Tanzania: Combating cassava brown streak disease - Fortunus Anton K...b4fa
Presentation at the November 2012 dialogue workshop of the Biosciences for Farming in Africa media fellowship programme in Arusha, Tanzania.
Please see www.b4fa.org for more information
Trends in the geometric size and rated power capacity of offshore wind turbines, the main components of an OWT system, encompassing a typical monopile foundation, the substructure, transition piece, the tower, rotor blades and nacelle (hub). Modern OWTs are installed with either pitch-regulated blades or variable rotational speed systems in order to allow optimisation of the power production over a wide range of prevailing wind speeds. The rotational speed of the main rotor shaft is typically between about 10 and 20 rp. Key electromechanical components of the wind turbine, including the gearbox and the generator (Roberts et al.,2007). The gearbox may cause efficiency losses for the wind turbine and is the particular source of the noise. Recent developments in the design of permanent magnet generators have made it possible to construct some types of wind turbines without the requirement for a gearbox. In this case, the rotor is mainly connected directly to a low-speed multi-pole generator that rotates at the same speed, termed the direct-drive unit. Removing the gearbox mainly removes one of the key components requiring more maintenance, and that is mainly prone to failure. This simplification of the mechanical part allows reductions in size and the mass of the nacelle (Gilling, 2009).
The source of energy captured by plants is the sun, which will be the constant source of energy for the next few billion years. The carbon released from the burning of biofuels is continually cycled rather than being released from the ancient fixed carbon sources, as is the case for fossil petroleum and natural gas. The problem is that the cost of the production of fuels from lignocellulose and plant oils is high and this nascent industry cannot compete with the oil prices. Current progress: For the past two decades, ethanol has been synthesized primarily from cornstarch and cane sugar. Fourteen billion gallons of ethanol were synthesized in the USA from cornstarch in 2014. Approximately 40% of the current USA corn crop is availed to produce ethanol and is not likely to expand anymore, because the remainder of the crop is being availed for animal feed and human food. Ethanol is produced from cane sugar in Brazil at a level of 7.2 billion gallons in the year 2014. The renewable energy source is the major terrain to be considered (Sreeremya, 2019).
Agroforestry has a high potential for simultaneously satisfying three important objectives viz., protecting and also stabilizing the ecosystems; producing a high level of output of economic goods; and improving the income and basic materials to the rural population. It has helped in the rehabilitation of the degraded lands on the one hand and has increased farm productivity on the other. At present, agroforestry meets almost half of the demand for fuelwood, 2/3 of the small timber, approx. 70-80 per cent wood for plywood, 60 per cent raw material for paper pulp and approx. 9-11 per cent of the green fodder requirement of livestock, besides meeting the subsistence needs of the households for food, fruit, fiber, medicine etc.
Human population genetics aims to study the population in terms of the genetic variation. This variation can be quantified by determining the gene frequencies of the alleles at segregating loci which mainly characterize one population and distinguish with another. Tasting ability to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) by an individual is mainly considered as a useful and important tool to study the genetic diversity in the human populations. Taste and smell affects the food preferences and dietary habits, thereby directly influencing the eating behavior of an individual. As taste threshold aggrandizes with age, abnormality in taste function may contribute to the poor dietary intake in the elderly. Bitter taste perception is a conserved the chemical sense against the ingestion of naturally toxic substances in mammals. The experience of the bitterness occurs after certain chemicals contact taste receptors located in cells on the surface of the tongue.
Initial corrosion behavior of element copper in atmospheric environmentDr. sreeremya S
Copper and copper-based alloys encompassing brasses (Cu-Zn) and bronzes (Cu-Sn)are widely used in different industrial and the societal applications. They are common engineering materials in modern architecture and primarily availed for roofing and facade cladding due to their significance of visual appearance (important from an architectural perspective in terms of the design or during renovation of modern or ancient cultural building), ductility, malleability, the atmospheric corrosion resistance and long-term performance. When exposed to air, the copper forms a brownish-green or greenish blue corrosion layer, often denoted as the patina. Copper patina is commonly known as an aesthetically pleasing surface, and one reason for the extensive use of the copper metal and copper-based alloys in both the ancient and modern architecture. One of the most famous examples is the Statue of Liberty in the harbor of the New York, US.
Bronze alloys are the family of copper-based alloys traditionally alloyed with tin. Bronze alloys are of the exceptional historic interest and still finds wide applications.
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
Electron transfer activity of the photosystem II significantly decreased after the exposure of the Chlorella cells to all the six chemicals availed. Lipid peroxidation was slightly reduced by the antioxidant propyl gallate, not changed by indium nitrate and very potently simulated by diethanolamine, chloroquine, sodium monofluoroacetate and the bromobenzene. For five of the chemicals studied (not bromobenzene) there is the very good correlation between the cytotoxic effects in Chlorella cells measured by the algal growth inhibition test, and also the inhibition of photosystem II activity (Chapman et al., 1991). The results suggest that one very key effect of these chemicals in the Chlorella cells is the inhibition of photosynthetic metabolism by the blocking of the photosystem II functionality.
Corona virus was first identified as the cause of the common cold in 1960. In one study carried out in Canada in 2001, more than 510 patients presented with flu-like symptoms. Virological analyses showed that 3.7% of these cases were positive for the HCoV-NL63 strain by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Until 2002, the corona virus was considered a relatively simple, nonfatal virus; however, an outbreak in 2002–2003 in the Guangdong province in China, which resulted in spread to many other countries, encompassing Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong Singapore, and the United States of America, causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and high mortality rates in over 1000 -1100 patients.
In the modern times pollution has become the biggest menace for the survival of the biological species. There are different types of pollution e.g. air, water, soil, sound and mental pollution. Earth was the beautiful landscape but man has ruthlessly exploited for his greed specially, in the last century. With sporadic industrialization and random urbanization environmental pollution has become the serious problem. Over exploitation of open spaces, ever-increasing number of automobiles and the demographic pressure has further aggravated the problem. There are different ways and means to mitigate the urban environmental pollution. Plan-ting of trees and the shrubs for abatement of pollution and improvement of environment is a much effective way and well recognized throughout the world. Earlier, the purpose of planting trees in the urban areas was purely aesthetic (Sheldon et al., 1988a). The incessant increase of urban environmental pollution has necessitated to typically reconsider the whole approach of urban landscaping and its orientation in the order to achieve duel effect i.e. bio-aesthetics and mitigation of pollution.
Relation between haemorrhoids and constipationDr. sreeremya S
Patients frequently complain of bleeding with or without the defecation, a swelling, mild discomfort or irritation. Other symptoms may include soilage or the mucous discharge, pruritis, difficulties with the hygiene, and a sense of incomplete evacuation. Internal hemorrhoids are otherwise painless unless they are mainly thrombosed, prolapsed with edema, or strangulated. External hemorrhoids result in pain when the thrombosis occurs and bleeding if ulceration occurs from pressure necrosis. Skin tags may form from the prior acutely edematous or the thrombosed external haemorrhoids (Johanson et al., 1990
Given the rapid aggrandize, it has been postulated the environment has a key role in the causation of obesity. Factors such as the neighborhood-scale features (referred to as the built environment) have been mainly identified as influencing diet and physical activity (2). Of particular the importance to this framework are features of the food environment (FE), thus constituting barriers and opportunities to food sources of the varying nutritional quality and energy density (3). The FE is delineated as the physical presence of food that can mainly influence a person’s diet (4). Contributing to the FE is the proximity to food store locations such as mainly the restaurants (fast-food, full service, and bars and pubs) and the retail outlets (food markets/grocery stores and liquor stores). Fast- food establishments generally have foods of lower nutritional quality and higher caloric density than the home-prepared foods (3). Early studies have reported fast-food restaurants to be more common in the neighborhoods with a higher prevalence of obesity. However, more recent studies have been melanged,
Adverse conditon provided for influenza virus (mutatedDr. sreeremya S
THIS MUTATED INFLUENZA VIRUS CAN BE TREATED IN PH1-2 . TO CHECK THE LYSIS OF THE VIRUS
SIMULATING THE INTERFERON ACTIVITY HAS TO BE DONE SIMULTANEOUSLY.
Although 76-90% of the BMW is non-hazardous and harmless as any of the other municipal waste, the remaining 10-26% is hazardous to humans or animals and deleterious to environment. Inappropriate handling of the BMW may have serious public health consequences and the significant impact on the environment. Major hospitals contribute substantially to the quantum of generation of the BMW. Smaller hospitals, the nursing homes, clinics, the pathological laboratories and blood banks also have major contribution to BMW. The common methods adopted for the BMW disposal are incineration and land filling. However, these methods are mainly considered more expensive and less ecofriendly due to their main negative impact on the environment
Corona virus current scenario (theoretical outlook)Dr. sreeremya S
Corona virus(COVID-19) is RNA virus. Which has proved to be pandemic.It causes respiratory disease called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS). Currently it is a deadly disease which is killing hundreds of people day by day from late 2019 to till date. There is only few studies regarding the corona virus infection in animals. Studies are still progressing to find remedies like variolation, RNA silencing or boosting human interferon’s to decrease the affect of the disease.
INTRODUCTION
As people have seen, the giant industrial wind farms, small household wind turbines, and also everything in between are erecting all over the places. In 2012, the electricity capacity from the wind power in the total electric capacity is about 7.2% in EU, 2.0% in China, and 3.6% in US. Nevertheless, most people agree that wind energy should claim much greater share of the future energy supply. For eg:-, the United States is working on an ambitious target of 21% total electricity capacity by 2030. Indeed, wind energy is one of the fastest growing energy sources today and also in the foreseeable future. However, findings a suitable site to build the wind farm or simply set up the wind turbine is not always easy. The wind must be strong and must be consistent; the tower cannot obstruct the view; and the noise cannot disturb the local residence. Due to the fast growth of the population, it is aggrandizingly difficult to find a suitable place that is proper for a wind turbine yet will not interfere with the people’s everyday life (Srensen et al., 2002).
INTRODUCTION
A lot of basic concepts, technologies and pioneering solutions aiming on very high power densities were mainly developed within the last 20 years. Sometimes this is denoted as the mechatronic system integration or simply as mechatronics. Besides many of the technical aspects, the movings within the value chain represent the great challenge in this process. This is because traditionally defined between electronic device and the power module manufacturers, electronics assemblers, and the metalworking industry will blur or slowly disappear. However, the pressure to go this path increases. If one thinks, e.g., about the hybrid drive as an upgrade option for conventional passenger cars, one is directly faced with the lack of construction space as one of the main serious problems (Alkuhayli et al., 2012).
Pellagra may also occur as the result of a variety of (relatively rare) conditions affecting tryptophan metabolism and as a side-effect of the number of drugs that inhibit tryptophan metabolism. In alcoholics, it is unclear whether pellagra is the result of an impairment of tryptophan and the niacin metabolism directly attributable to alcohol, or whether it reflects general under nutrition among the people who obtain a considerable proportion on their energy needs from alcohol, and hence have the low intake of (nutrient rich) foods(Goldberger et al.,1922a).
SYMPTOMS
The major symptoms of pellagra are dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. This is because niacin deficiency is most noticeable in the body parts with high rates of cell turnover, such as the skin or gastrointestinal tract (Goldberger et al., 1923).
The growing interest in the environmental stress has been accompanied by a rapid accumulation of evidence indicating that the environment can elicit substantial stress in people living in urban environments. Furthermore, it is widely conceived that the natural environment can enhance human health. There have been several questionnaire studies and investigations on the psychological effects of forest environments. A previous study found an enhancement of the positive emotions among subjects who were shown pictures of natural environments. Moreover, other researches have also found that forest environments improve the psychological wellbeing of people
As the techniques that have enabled us to analyses and assess a biopsy become ever more sophisticated, we have realised the limitations of looking at the single snap-shot of the tumour. This single-biopsy bias was highlighted in which it was mainly demonstrated that a portion taken from different parts of a primary tumour and its metastases showed and proved extensive intertumoural and intratumoural evolution. This tumoural heterogeneity mainly highlights the difficulty of dictating a therapeutic course of action based on the single biopsy, as it is likely to underestimate the ramification of the genomic landscape of the tumour (Chomczynski et al., 2016).Having established that there is mainly considerable tumour heterogeneity, taking multiple biopsies from the patients‘ primary tumour and the metastases would seem to be the most obvious next step. There are so much difficulties in obtaining the tissue biopsy— including the discomfort suffered by the patient, the inherent clinical risks to the patient
Rivivna humilis berry extract as fungal sourceDr. sreeremya S
The introduction of the mankind had marked the continuous exploitation of the plants as organisms and their products for the pharmacological prospects and key features (Guha et al., 1999). In most of the agronomic domains around the globe, the conventional modes of the treatment are still in exercise and also in upcoming research (Srivastava et al., 2003).
These approaches most commonly exploit the various dynamics and much specific potential and applications of plant extracts (Bonde et al., 2007) . The distinctions of the first and foremost large-scale screening of the green plants evaluate and also assess the antimicrobial activity of 2,300 plants (Nautiyal et al., 1984).
Dyeing is an ancient and traditional art which predates written records. It was practised specifically during the Bronze Age in Europe (Sreeremya, 2016). Conventional dyeing techniques encompassed sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. INTRODUCTION
Banana belongs to the genus Musa.
important crop plant.
Musa acuminata & Musa balbisiana.
Largest herbaceous flowering plant.
Grand Nain bananas (also spelled Grande
Naine) are banana cultivars of Musa
acuminata. It is one of the most commonly
cultivated bananas
Grand Naine is a monocot and belongs to
the genus Musa
3. The Plant grows to a height of 6.5 to 7.5
Feet.
RAPD- type of PCR reaction .
Used to analyses the genome of an
individual using random primers.
Clonal fidelity analysis is a technique to
analyse genetic stability of micro propagated
…. INTRODUCTION
4. RAPD stands for Random Amplification
of Polymorphic DNA.
RAPD has been tested to detect
somaclonal variation in cultivars of banana
5. PRACTICAL / SCIENTIFIC UTILITY
Investigations on clonal fidelity will help to
distribute true-to-type plants of selected
variety to farmers in large scale, avoiding any
type of somaclonal variation
6. TECHNICAL PROGRAM
Materials and Methods
Sucker derived (1 plant) & micropropagated (15
plants) banana cv.Nendran (type Chengalikodan)
will be used for study.
Isolation of plant genomic DNA will be standardized
as per standard protocols.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis will be carried out to
determine the purity and concentration of DNA.
DNA samples isolated will be stored at 20ºC
temperature for RAPD and ISSR analyses.
7. ….TECHNICAL PROGRAM
RAPD Analysis
RAPD primer screening will be carried out.
Reaction mixture will be prepared with specific
template DNA, dNTPs, Taq DNA polymerase, MgCl
2 and primer in PCR buffer.
PCR cycles .
Agarose gel electrophoresis.
8. ….TECHNICAL PROGRAM
Data analysis
Markers visualized using Genotyper 2.5 software
Scored manualy as present or absent for each
accession.
Coefficient between each accession can be then
calculated using the SIMQUAL program in
NTSYS-pc version 1.70 (Rohlf 1992).
Datas will be subjected to cluster analysis using
the UPGMA method in the SAHN program of
NTSYS to generate dendogram
9. Plant genomic DNA isolation
(CTAB Method)
Determination of DNA concentration and purity
(using AGE)
RAPD analysis
Data analysis
….Technical program
10. HYPOTHESIS
If tissue cultured derived plant and sucker
derived plant show hundred percentage
similarity in RAPD profiles ,It can be
hypothesized that they maintain clonal
fidelity.
11. REFERENCE
Gawal NJ, Jarret RL (1991). Cytoplasmic genetic
diversity in banana and plantain. Euphytica 52:19-
23.
Bhat KV, Jarret RL, (1995) . Random amplified
polymorphic DNA and genetic diversity in Indian
Musa germplasm, Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 42: 107-
118.
Qrtiz A,Renaud R,Calzada,Ritter R(1997). Analysis
of plum cultivars with RAPD markers.J.Hortic.Sci
72:1-9
12. Porebski S, Bailey GL & Baum BR (1997)
Modifications of a CTAB DNA extraction protocol
for plant containing high polysaccharide and
polyphenol components. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 15:
8–15
Atienzar F,Evender A,Savva D,Depledge
M(2000).Optmized RAPD analysis generates
high-quality genomic DNA. Profiles at high
annealing temperatures. Biotechniques 28:52-
54
REFERENCE