This document discusses molecular breeding techniques using the Barnase-Barstar system for inducing male sterility in plants. It explains that the Barnase gene is cytotoxic and kills tapetum cells, preventing pollen development and resulting in transgenic male sterility. The Barstar gene provides fertility restoration. The system has been used successfully in tobacco and oilseed rape to develop hybrid seeds. Some benefits of this system include efficient fertility restoration, easy maintenance of male sterile lines, and elimination of male fertile plants from lines. However, alternative systems that are more attractive than Barnase-Barstar have also been explored.
Marker Assisted Selection in Crop BreedingPawan Chauhan
Marker Assisted Selection is a value addition to conventional methods of Crop Breeding. It has been gaining importance in plant breeding with new generation of plant breeders and to get accurate and fast desired result from plant breeding.
Marker Assisted Selection in Crop BreedingPawan Chauhan
Marker Assisted Selection is a value addition to conventional methods of Crop Breeding. It has been gaining importance in plant breeding with new generation of plant breeders and to get accurate and fast desired result from plant breeding.
Somaclonal Variation in Plant tissue culture - Variation in somaclones (somatic cells of plants)
Somaclonal variation # Basis of somaclonal variation # General feature of Somaclonal variations # Types and causes of somaclonal variation # Isolation procedure of somaclones via without in-vitro method and with in-vitro method with their limitations and advantages # Detection of isolated somaclonal variation # Application (with examples respectively related to crop improvement) # Advantages and disadvantages of somaclonal variations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZwrkgADM3I
Also watch, Gametoclonal variation slides to understand, how to changes occur in gametoclones of plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/SharmasClasses/gametoclonal-variation
Definitions, variety production release and notification in india and pakistsudha2555
Maintenance breeding definition of variety, cultivar, EDS, IDV, reference variety. Variety development, notification and release procedure in India and Pakistan
The term balanced tertiary trisomic has three words of which (1) “trisomic” indicates the presence of extra chromosome, (2) “tertiary” indicates that the extra chromosome is a trans-located chromosome, and (3) “balanced” refers to the breeding behaviour of the trisomic.
Ramage defined the BTT as a tertiary trisomic constructed in such a way that the dominant allele of a marker gene, closely linked with the translocation breakpoint of the extra chromosome is carried on the extra chromosome, and the recessive allele is carried on the two normal chromosomes that constitute the diploid complement. The dominant marker gene may be located on the centromere segment or the trans-located segment of the extra chromosome.
Somaclonal Variation in Plant tissue culture - Variation in somaclones (somatic cells of plants)
Somaclonal variation # Basis of somaclonal variation # General feature of Somaclonal variations # Types and causes of somaclonal variation # Isolation procedure of somaclones via without in-vitro method and with in-vitro method with their limitations and advantages # Detection of isolated somaclonal variation # Application (with examples respectively related to crop improvement) # Advantages and disadvantages of somaclonal variations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZwrkgADM3I
Also watch, Gametoclonal variation slides to understand, how to changes occur in gametoclones of plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/SharmasClasses/gametoclonal-variation
Definitions, variety production release and notification in india and pakistsudha2555
Maintenance breeding definition of variety, cultivar, EDS, IDV, reference variety. Variety development, notification and release procedure in India and Pakistan
The term balanced tertiary trisomic has three words of which (1) “trisomic” indicates the presence of extra chromosome, (2) “tertiary” indicates that the extra chromosome is a trans-located chromosome, and (3) “balanced” refers to the breeding behaviour of the trisomic.
Ramage defined the BTT as a tertiary trisomic constructed in such a way that the dominant allele of a marker gene, closely linked with the translocation breakpoint of the extra chromosome is carried on the extra chromosome, and the recessive allele is carried on the two normal chromosomes that constitute the diploid complement. The dominant marker gene may be located on the centromere segment or the trans-located segment of the extra chromosome.
Extranuclear inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. It is found in most eukaryotes and is commonly known to occur in cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts or from cellular parasites like viruses or bacteria. Determining the contribution of organelle genes to plant phenotype is hampered by several factors, including the paucity of variation in the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Mitochondria are organelles which function to transform energy as a result of cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are organelles which function to produce sugars via photosynthesis in plants and algae. The genes located in mitochondria and chloroplasts are very important for proper cellular function, yet the genomes replicate independently of the DNA located in the nucleus, which is typically arranged in chromosomes that only replicate one time preceding cellular division. The extranuclear genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts however replicate independently of cell division. They replicate in response to a cell's increasing energy needs which adjust during that cell's lifespan. There is consistent difference between the results from reciprocal crosses; generally only the trait from female parent is transmitted. In most cases, there is no segregation in the F2 and subsequent generations.
Plant genetic engineering is one of the key technologies for crop improvement as well as an emerging approach for producing recombinant proteins in plants. Both plant nuclear and plastid genomes can be genetically modified, yet fundamental functional differences between the eukaryotic genome of the plant cell nucleus and the prokaryotic-like genome of the plastid will have an impact on key characteristics of the resulting transgenic organism. So, which genome, nuclear or plastid, to transform for the desired transgenic phenotype? In this paper we compare the advantages and drawbacks of engineering plant nuclear and plastid genomes to generate transgenic plants with the traits of interest, and evaluate the pros and cons of their use for different biotechnology and basic research applications. The chloroplast is a pivotal organelle in plant cells and eukaryotic algae to carry out photosynthesis, which provides the primary source of the world’s food. The expression of foreign genes in chloroplasts offers several advantages over their expression in the nucleus: high-level expression, no position effects, no vector sequences allowing stable transgene expression. In addition, transgenic chloroplasts are generally not transmitted through pollen grains because of the cytoplasmic localization. In the past two decades, great progress in chloroplast engineering has been made.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Barnase barstar system
1.
2. SUBMITTED BY
VIKAS KUMAR SINGH
M. SC. (AG), III rd SEM
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS & PLANT
BREEDING,
CHAUDHARY CHARAN SINGH
UNIVERSITY, MEERUT
SUBMITTED TO
DR. S. S. GAURAV
ASSO. PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS&
PLANT BREEDING,
CHAUDHARY CHARAN SINGH
UNIVERSITY, MEERUT
Heterosis and Its Exploitation
3. Contents Introduction
Features Of Markers
General Steps in MAS
MAS Breeding Scheme
Current status of molecular breeding
Classification of Marker
Achievements
20. P1 x F1
P1 x P2
BC1
VISUAL SELECTION OF BC1
PLANTS THAT MOST CLOSELY
RESEMBLE RECURRENT PARENT
BC2
P1 x F1
P1 x P2
BC1
USE ‘BACKGROUND’ MARKERS TO SELECT
PLANTS THAT HAVE MOST RP MARKERS AND
SMALLEST % OF DONOR GENOME
BC2
39. For producing Dominant GMS.
Need of effective fertility restoration systems.
An effective restoration system is available in at least one
case, Barnase/Barstar system
Recombinant DNA techniques have made it possible to engineer new
systems of male sterility by disturbing any or number of developmental
steps specifically required for the production of functional pollen within
the microspore or for the development of any somatic tissues supporting
the microspores.
51. Selected transgenes used for production of male sterility
TRANSGENE SOURCE TRANSGENIC PLANT
barnase Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Tobacco, B.napus
Rnase T1 Aspergillus oryzae Tobacco, oilseed,rape
Bcp1 Brassica campestris B.oleracea
rolC A.rhizogenes Tobacco,potato,
52. The transgenic hybrid rapeseed-mustard was developed by
multinational Proagro Seed Company Ltd. located at Gurgaon
(now a part of Belgium based Aventis crop science) large scale
field trials in year 2001-2002,this hybrid mustard gave 25% yield
advantage, but could not be cleared by GEAC for commercial
sowing at the farmer fields in October 2002.
Another effort by Delhi University South Campus.
53. Efficient fertility restorer system
Easy maintenance of male sterile lines
Easy elimination of a male fertile plants from male sterile lines
Lack of adverse affects on other traits
Stable male sterile phenotype over different environments
54.
55.
56. They illustrated several approaches for inducing
male sterility. like-
60. 1. Gupta P.K., Langridge P, Mir R.R.(2010)Marker assisted wheat
Breeding:present status and future possibilities,
2. Article shared by Sudhadip Mondal MAS meaning application
step achievements,
3. Journal of Drug Metabolism&Toxicology(review),
4. Singh,B.D. Plant Breeding Principles and Methods,
5. Marker-assisted selection:an approach for precision plant
breeding in the twenty-first century-Bertrand C.Y Collard and
David J Mackill,
6. Singhal.N.C,Hybrid Seed Production,
7. Internet&SlideShare etc
References:-