Clinical microscopy
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The document describes different types of crystals that can be observed microscopically in urine samples, including amorphous urates, uric acid crystals, calcium oxalate crystals, amorphous phosphates, triple phosphate crystals, and ammonium biurates. It provides details on their appearance, most common forms, characteristics when viewed under polarized light, and associations with urine pH.
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A feeding plate is a prosthetic device used for newborns with a cleft palate to assist in feeding and improve nutrition intake. From a prosthodontic perspective, this plate acts as a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities, facilitating effective sucking and swallowing by providing a more normal anatomical structure. It helps to prevent milk from entering the nasal passage, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and enhancing the infant's ability to feed efficiently. The feeding plate also aids in the development of the oral muscles and can contribute to better growth and weight gain. Its custom fabrication and proper fitting by a prosthodontist are crucial for ensuring comfort and functionality, as well as for minimizing potential complications. Early intervention with a feeding plate can significantly improve the quality of life for both the infant and the parents.
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Clinical microscopy
- 2. AMORPHOUS URATES These crystals have no distinct form and appear as sand-like granules microscopically. Macroscopically appear as a pink sediment after urine centrifugation Acid pH urine
- 3. URIC ACID CRYSTALS Acid pH urine Appear in several forms Multicolored when polarized Diamond shape most common form
- 4. CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS Acid pH urine Most frequently observed crystal in urine Most common form is octahedryl shape, often referred to as an envelope’ shape Multicolored when polarized
- 5. AMORPHOUS PHOSPHATES These crystals have no distinct form and appear as sand-like granules microscopically Macroscopically appear as a white sediment after urine centrifugation Alkaline pH urine
- 6. TRIPLE PHOSPHATE CRYSTALS Most frequently observed crystal in alkaline urine Colorless, 4-6 sided prisms Referred to as ‘coffin lid crystals’
- 7. AMMONIUM BIURATES Alkaline pH urine Yellow spheres with spicules on surface Referred to as ‘thorny apple crystals’ Significant when found in fresh urine Presence indicates urine is old
- 8. THANK YOU SYED BASHEER UDDIN