This document provides information about performing a clinical examination of animals. It discusses the importance of clinical examinations, outlines the steps (subjective data, objective data, assessment, and planning), and describes how to examine different body systems like the heart, lungs, and temperature, pulse, and respiratory rates for various animal species. The objective data section covers auscultation, percussion, and palpation techniques and normal findings. Physical examinations from head to tail are also mentioned.

1. NAME :AMEER HAMZA
CLASS# 01
DVM FINAL YEAR
(SEMESTER:09)
SEC:A
SESSION:2016-2020
MEDICINE CLINIC 3
ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED TO :
DR HAQ AMAN ULLAH
Assignment No.3
Describe in detail the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment
of following diseases:
Clinical examination of animals
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF ANIMAL

2. It is the process by which a vet investigate the body of patient for signs & symptoms
for correct diagnosis & treatment of disease.
Need for clinical and physical examination
• Allows you to find signs of sickness that are not obvious
• Helps you to determine the extent of the injury or illness
We follow the method of SOAP
I.e
S=SUBJECTIVE DATA , O= OBJECTIVE DATA, A= ASSESSMENT ,
P= PLANNING
PRE REQUISITE FOR CLINICAL EXAMINATION :
1. Always perform complete clinical examination although presenting complaint is
easily diagnosed.
2. Don’t change the attitude according to the status of the client.
3. We are handling 2 living beings at same time. I.e owner & animal.
4. Tell the significance of the problem of disease to owner.
SUBJECTIVE DATA :
The information given by the owner
I.e ANAMNESIS ( HISTORY TAKING ).
1. PATIENT DATA (Signalment of patient color,spp,sex,age etc.)
2. DISEASE INFO ( Ask about fatality rate,mortality rate etc)

3. 3. MANAGEMENT ( Scientific feeding , breeding, housing and health. )
OBJECTIVE DATA:
Data used for examination of patient
.
1- General distant examination. (without touching) I.e
bright,alert,dull,behaviour,posture etc
2-Physical examination. (Systems Approach or Head to Toe)
3 important tools to investigate the body in a correct way.
A- AUSCULTATION:
It is the listening of sound produced by an organ due to its functional activity is
called auscultation eg : Heart pumping sound.
2 types of auscultation.
1- Direct auscultation I.e with direct listening of sound using ears..
2- Indirect auscultation. I.e with stethoscope
(spps in which stethoscope isn’t effective include sheep,buffalo)
AUSCULTATION is done mostly for 2 organs I.e
A- Heart B- lungs
Auscultation of Heart:
Heart is located b/w 3rd ,6th rib (best site is 4th -5th intercostal space)

4. 2 sounds produced by heart I.e
A- S1 ( lub ) it is due to closure of tricuspid valve,biscuspid valve or systolic sound
when ventricles contracts ,pulmonary & aortic valve will be opened.
B- S2 ( dupp ) closure of pulmonary & aortic valve & is a diasolic sound
Heart sound cycle: lub - dupp- pause.
Systolic soud is longer & diastolic is shorter and slower sound.
S3 an abnormal sound ‘cardiac murmur’
Lung Auscultation:
4 fields we auscultate I.e
1. 2 dorsal field
2. 1 medial field
3. 1 ventral field
Normal lung sound VEE- inspiration EFF- expiration
Sound may be absent bcz of fluid accumulation in pleural cavity & is shallower I.e
preuritis causing dyspnea.
Rales - when air passes through fluid I.e drenching pneumonia/pulmonary edema.
Percussion:
Striking of an organ in deeper parts to produce an audible sound.
2 types
A- Direct_ by 1,2 fingers or full hand.
B- Indirect_ by plexor & pleximeter
Categories of percussion:
1- Resonant (normal sound ) 2- Hyper resonant 3- Dull 4- Typmanitic.
PALPATION:
Touch organ by hand.
To know about ,Soft/hard/doughy in consistency,Sensitivity,Size, temperature of an
organ
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION :
HEAD TO TAIL EXAMINATION.

5. TPR- TEMPERATURE,PULSE RATE,RESPIRATORY RATE.
LYMOG NODES,UDDER,REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS EXAMINATION
TEMPERATURE:
GOAT - 103-104 F
SHEEP 103 F
CATTLE/BUFFALO 101.5F
EQUINES 100.5 F
DOG/CAT 102 F
CAMEL 97 F
RABBIT 103 F
CHICKEN 107F
PULSE RATE :
GOAT/SHEEP 70-90 PULSE/MINT
CATTLE 60-80 PULSE/MINT
HORSE 30-40 PULSE/MINT
ELEPHANT 40 PULSE/MINT
CAMEL 40-45 PULSE/MINT
DOG 70-120 PULSE/MINT
CAT 120-140 PULSE/MINT
RESPIRATORY RATE:
GOAT 25-35 RESPIRATION/MINT
SHEEP 10-30 RESPIRATION/MINT
CATTLE 20-30 RESPIRATION/MINT
HORSE 8-10 RESPIRATION/MINT
DOG 18-35 RESPIRATION/MINT
CAT 18-40 RESPIRATION/MINT
CAMEL 10-15 RESPIRATION/MINT
ASSESSMENT:
Whether its an emergency or not?
PLANNING :
2 TYPES
1-DIAGNOSTIC PLANNING ( Test - like fecal test,urine test, blood test.)
2-TREATMENT PLANNING (ANTIBIOTICS,FLUID THERAPY, MULTI
VITAMINS etc)