Classification of Porifera
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This presentation is prepared for reports, assignments, notes and for educational purposes. feel fee to download !!!
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The Slides shows the classification of the phylum along with the basis on which it is classified.
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2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
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- Phylum Porifera is divided into 3 main classes based on skeleton composition: Calcarea have calcium carbonate spicules; Hexactinellida have silica spicules; and Demospongiae have smaller triaxon and six-rayed spicules.
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3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
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Echinoderms undergo a complex metamorphosis during development, starting as free-swimming larvae. There are five main larval forms: dipleurula, bipinnaria, brachiolaria, ophiopluteus, and echiniopluteus. These larvae have ciliated bands that help them swim and feed. As they develop arms and other features, they transition into their respective adult body plans through metamorphosis and settlement. The common larval features indicate a shared evolutionary ancestry among the classes of echinoderms.
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Echinoderms are marine animals with radial or pentaradial symmetry and calcareous endoskeletons. They include sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and feather stars. Echinoderms have unique features like external skeletons, lack of heads, mouths on the underside, and anuses on top. They can regenerate limbs and have both sexual and asexual reproduction, though some like seahorses have male birth. The phylum contains five classes - Asteroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea - which differ in body structure,
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The document discusses the phylum Mollusca. Some key points:
- Mollusca is the second largest phylum and includes animals like snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopuses.
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This document provides an overview of the phylum Annelida, or segmented worms. It discusses their general characteristics such as segmentation, coelom, circulatory and excretory systems. It then describes the three main classes: Polychaeta (marine worms with many bristles), Oligochaeta (few bristled terrestrial and freshwater worms), and Hirudinea (leeches). Key details are provided on the morphology, habitat, reproduction and examples of representative species for each class.
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3. Major groups include insects, arachnids like spiders and scorpions, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, and extinct trilobites.
HERDMANIA
Herdmania is a genus of sea squirt found in shallow waters. It is a hermaphroditic chordate that is pinkish in color, around 9.5cm long, 7cm broad, and 4cm thick. Fertilization is external and its development is indirect, starting as a free-swimming tadpole larva. The presentation provides an overview of the classification, anatomy, and life cycle of Herdmania.
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Malpighian tubules are responsible for excretion. Glandular and ciliated cells line each tubule. They take in nitrogenous waste and convert it to uric acid, which is then expelled through the hindgut. As a result, this bug is known as uricotelic. The uricose glands and fat body nephrocytes also aid in excretion.
Balanoglossus- A Hemichordate
It discusses basic information regarding a hemichordate animal called Balanoglossus or Acorn worm, which is also a good connecting link between the non-chordates and chordates.
Phylum Coelenterata Clear Concept
This document provides information about coral reefs and the process of coral reef formation. It defines coral reefs as underwater structures made of calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. It then describes the main type of fringing reef, noting that it is distinguished from barrier reefs and atolls by having a shallow backreef zone or none at all, and growing directly from the shoreline or extending hundreds of yards from shore with potential backreef areas.
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Metagenesis, or alternation of generations, is shown in the life cycle of Obelia sp. The asexual generation is the colonial Obelia polyp, which reproduces asexually through budding. The sexual generation is the solitary medusa, which develops from reproductive polyps in the Obelia colony. The medusa contains gonads and releases gametes that fertilize to form planula larvae. These larvae settle and develop into new Obelia polyp colonies, completing the life cycle through alternating asexual and sexual generations.
Locomotry organ in non chordata.pptx
1. Many non-chordate organisms use hydrostatic locomotion, where muscles in the body cavity or epidermis contract to allow movement. Examples include hydra, earthworms, and echinoderms.
2. Protozoans use pseudopodia, flagella, or cilia for locomotion. Pseudopodia form through cytoplasm streaming, flagella undulate through movements of the axoneme, and cilia beat in coordinated waves.
3. Echinoderms move through the hydraulic pressure of their water vascular system, which causes tube feet to extend, adhere to the substrate, and then contract to pull the body forward in a repeating motion.
Phylum Porifera...presentation
Sponges are multi-cellular aquatic animals that live fixed to the sea floor and filter feed. They come in about 9,000 species divided into three main classes based on their skeleton composition. Sponges lack true tissues and organs. They are composed of three main cell types - pinacocytes, choanocytes, and mesenchyme cells. Choanocytes generate water currents that both capture food and circulate water through the sponge. Sponges reproduce sexually through internal fertilization and larval development or asexually by fragmentation.
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Phylum Porifera includes sponges, the simplest multicellular animals. They live in both freshwater and marine environments and have no true tissues. Their bodies are composed of totipotent cells and a skeleton made of silica or calcium carbonate spicules. Sponges filter feed using flagellated cells and circulate water through their porous bodies via an aquiferous system. They reproduce both sexually through external fertilization and asexually by budding or gemmules. Many species have symbiotic relationships with bacteria and algae. Sponges provide important habitat and are a source of bioactive compounds used in human pharmaceuticals to treat diseases.
Group #4[Evolution].pptx
This document provides an overview of sponges and cnidarians. It discusses their distinguishing features, basic body structures, and evolutionary histories. Sponges are multicellular organisms that lack tissues and have pores to intake and output water. Cnidarians are diploblastic animals with stinging cells that have two main layers and feed through predation or symbiosis. Both groups have a long fossil record dating back hundreds of millions of years.
9. Phylum Porifera Notes
Phylum Porifera includes about 5,000 living species of sponges. There are three main classes: Hexactinellida (glass sponges), Demospongia (most diverse class making up 90% of species), and Calcarea (found in shallow waters with calcium carbonate spicules). Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals and feed by filtering water through their outer walls using flagella and contractile cells to pump water in and out for feeding, waste removal, and oxygen intake. They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
porifera pptx
1. Phylum Porifera includes sponges with cellular bodies and mineralized skeletons. Lecosolenia, Eupectella, and Hyalonema are examples of sponges.
2. Lecosolenia is a colonial marine sponge with cylindrical vertical tubes connected by horizontal tubes. It has simple canal and pore systems and calcareous triaxial spicules.
3. Eupectella, known as the Venus's flower basket, is a solitary glass sponge with a rigid cylindrical shape formed by fused siliceous spicules.
4. Hyalonema is a marine glass rope sponge with a spherical body traversed by a bundle of long fused siliceous sp
Class11 Biology Animal Kingdom Session 2
The document discusses three phyla: Porifera, Coelenterata, and Ctenophora. It describes their key characteristics including habitat, body organization, symmetry, digestive and nervous systems, and modes of reproduction. Sponges have a canal system for water transport and intracellular digestion. Coelenterates have a gastrovascular cavity and tentacles surrounding the mouth. Ctenophoras are biradially symmetrical and lack organ systems, with digestion and gas exchange occurring directly through their surfaces.
Biology of sponge
This document provides information about the biology of sponges. It begins with an overview of phylum Porifera, noting that sponges are the first multicellular organisms and have a filter feeding system of pores and canals. It then describes sponge anatomy, including ostia, oscula, choanocytes, and spicules. The document discusses the ascon type of simple sponge in more detail. It notes features like their tubular shape, pores, cavity, and choanocytes. The document also covers sponge ecology, reproduction, and the parenchymula larva. It concludes with references used.
Kingdom animalia
This document discusses the phylum Porifera (sponges). It describes their key characteristics such as lacking organs and mobility. It classifies sponges based on their water canal system and skeletal components. Sponge structure is also outlined, including their cell types. The economic and medical roles of sponges are mentioned, such as using certain species for cleaning tools, vehicle seating, and extracting compounds for potential treatments.
Kingdom animalia
This document discusses the phylum Porifera (sponges). It describes their key characteristics such as lacking organs and mobility. It classifies sponges based on their water canal system and skeletal components. Sponges have an ascon, sycon, or leucon canal type. Their skeleton is composed of calcium carbonate, silicates, or spongin. The document also outlines the roles of sponges, including their economic uses as cleaners or seat fillings and their bioactive compounds that have pharmaceutical applications.
Phylum Porifera.pptx
- Porifera are aquatic animals that live in marine and freshwater environments. They have a simple body plan with pores that allow water flow through a canal system but lack true tissues and organs.
- Their cells come in specialized types but can change form, including collar cells that line canals and draw in water and food particles and amoeboid cells that digest and distribute nutrients.
- Sponges filter feed but some are predators or parasites. They reproduce asexually through regeneration and buds or sexually with internal fertilization and larval development.
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Classification of Porifera
- 1. Invertebrate Zoology Classification of Porifera CBCS-UGC syllabus (Zoology Hons) Presented by Mukesh Mandal (M.Sc,B.Ed)
- 3. Poris: Pore, Fera: to bear So the name Porifera refer to the species with many surface opening of the body. Defination: The phylum which includes multicellular cellular diploblastic invertebrates with ostia, osculum, paragastric cavity, mesenchyme, choanocyte, canal system and mesenchyme, is called Porifera.
- 4. Characters General characters: I. Symmetry: Radial or none II. Habitat: Aquatic (marine or fresh water) Identifying characters: I. Germ layer: They are diploblastic animal having only ectoderm and endoderm. In between them there is a gelatinous layer called Mesenchyme. II. Spicules: it is made up of calcium or silica. III. Canal system: well developed canal system present. Water enters into the body through ostia and goes out through osculum. IV.Respiration: gaseous exchange take place through diffusion. V. Reproduction: asexual VI.Nervous system: absent
- 5. Scheme of classification • According to “Text book of Zoology” by Parker and hashwell (1972) Porifera Phylum Class Subclass Calcaria Or calcispongiae Hexactinellida Or Hyalospongiae Demospongiae Calcaronea Hexasterophora Ceractinomorpha Tetractinomopha Calcinea Amphidiscophora
- 6. Features of different taxa Class 1: Calcaria: I. Spicules or endoskeleton made up of calcium carbonate II. Large choanocyte cell present Subclass: 1. Calcaronea: • Spicules with three rays. One ray is larger than the rest. • Nucleus of choanocyte cell present in the upper portion. • Eg: Sycon sp, Leucosolenia sp 2. Calcinea: • Spicules with three rays. The rays are of same length. • Nucleus of choanocyte cell present in the lower portion. • Eg: Clathrina sp, petrobiona sp
- 7. Class 2: Hexactinellida: I. Spicules made up of silica. II. Vase or cup shaped body. Subclass: 1. Hexasterophora: • Spicules with six rays. • Eg: Euplectella sp (venus flower busket) 2. Amphidiscophora: • Spicules with disk in both ends. • Eg: Hyalonema sp
- 8. Class 3: Demospongiae I. Canal system complex type II. Spicules made up of silica. Subclass: 1. Tetractinomorpha: I. Spicules with four rays. II. Spongin fiber absent. Eg: Poterion sp, Cliona sp 2. Ceractinomorpha: I. Spicules with one rays. II. Spongin fiber present. Eg: Spongilla sp, Myxilla sp
- 9. Identify the following species Systematic position: Kingdom: Animalia Phyllum : Porifera Class : Calcaria Subclass : Calcaronea Identifying characters: 1. 2. Hence the species is ……..