This document discusses classification systems for organisms. It describes how Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature and taxonomy. The document outlines several kingdom systems proposed over time, from Aristotle's original two kingdoms of plants and animals to the current five kingdom system of plants, animals, fungi, protists, and monera. It also provides examples of classifications within the animal and plant kingdoms.

1. Gr. 9 Science
Wordlab School, Inc.
IsabelV. Neri
Classification Systems

5. Carolus Linnaeus
1707 - 1778
Swedish botanist
Formed a uniform system
in classifying organisms

6. Key Terms
Taxonomy
Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism
a universally accepted name
Binomial Nomenclature
Scientific name
First word – capital letter; second word – lower case
Homo sapiens
Taxon
Group or level of organization

7. Example of classifications
Mnemonics Humans Bear
Kingdom Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia
Order Primata Carnivora
Family Hominidae Ursidae
Genus Homo Ursus
Species Sapiens arctos

8. Kingdom of Organisms
2 Kingdom System
Proposed by Aristotle
Plants and Animals
3 Kingdom System
Proposed by Haeckel
Plants, Animals, Protists

9. 4 Kingdom System
Copeland
Plants, Animals, Protists, Monera
5 Kingdom System
Whittaker
Plants, Animals, Protists, Monera, Fungi

10. Domain
Eukarya
Domain
Eubacteria
Domain
Archaeabacteria
Archezoa Eubacteria Archaeabacteria
Protista
Prochromista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
8 Kingdom System

12. Viruses
Parasites that enter the cell
Reproduce only in a host cell
Composed of nucleic acids and a protein coat
Can be seen only with an electron microscope
Acellular

13. Shapes
Round
Cube / brick
Needle – like rod
* Shapes play a role in the infection process

15. Viral infections

16. Bacteria
Prokaryotic cell
Lacks membrane bound organelles
Reproduce through binary fission

18. Kingdom Archaea
Archaeabacteria – found in extreme environments
Extremophiles – microorganisms that can survive extreme
environments on Earth

19. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

20. Kingdom Eubacteria
Eubacteria – common bacterial cells
Cyanobacteria
Found in aquatic environments
Photosynthetic
Thick cell walls; no flagella
Arthrospira platensis

21. Spirochaete
Helically coiled bacterial cells
With flagellum
Treponema pallidum

22.  Proteobacteria
 Anaerobic organisms
 Flagella
Eschirichia coli