A communicable disease can be transmitted from one person to another in several ways, such as contact with blood or body fluids, inhalation of an airborne virus, or insect bites.

1. ClassificationofCommunicableandNon-Communicable
Diseases
LECTURE 2

2. • You will start by looking at the classification of communicable diseases followed
by that of non-communicable diseases.
Introduction

3. • You will now learn about the classification of communicable diseases. This is a
disease that is transmitted through direct contact with an infected individual
or indirectly through a vector.
• Communicable diseases can also be referred to as contagious disease.
Communicable disease can be classified in the following ways:
• Sexually transmitted diseases
Classification ofCommunicableDiseases

4. Conti….
• Diseases affecting the gastro-intestinal system
• Airborne diseases
• Systemic protozoan diseases
• Infection affecting the skin
• Infections affecting the central nervous system

5. • Sexually transmitted diseases are classified as follows:
• Sexually transmitted diseases associated with discharge production for
example: Gonorrhoea, chlamydia, trichomonas vaginalis.
• Sexually transmitted diseases associated with ulcer formation for example:
Syphilis, chancroid and lymphogranuloma venereum.
SexuallyTransmittedDiseases

6. • Diseases affecting the gastro-intestinal system are classified as follows:
• Bacterial diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system. For example: Cholera,
bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) and typhoid fever.
• Protozoan diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system. For example:
Amoebioasis and giardiasis.
• Helminthic diseases that affect the gastrointestinal system. For example, Ascaris
lumbucoids hook worm and taeniasis.
DiseasesAffectingtheGastro-IntestinalSystem

7. • Airborne diseases are spread through the air and affect the breathing
system. Examples include:
• Pulmonary tuberculosis
• Pneumonia
• Upper respiratory tract infections.
AirborneDiseases

8. • Systemic protozoan diseases are diseases that affect the whole body. Examples
are malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis.
SystemicProtozoanDiseases

9. • Infection affecting the skin includes scabies, and dermatological fungal infection.
InfectionAffectingtheSkin

10. • Infections affecting the central nervous system include diseases that affect the
brain and spinal cord. For example meningitis.
InfectionsAffecting theCentralNervousSystem

11. • Communicable disease can also be grouped into emerging diseases and re-emerging
diseases. Emerging diseases include the following:
• Monkeypox virus
• Rift valley fever virus
• Filiovirus
• Vibrio cholerae o139
• Penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumonia
GroupsofCommunicableDiseases

12. • Re-emerging diseases include the following:
• Malaria
• Tuberculosis
• Yellow fever
• Trypanosomiasis
Conti…..

13. ClassificationofNon-communicableDiseases
• You will now learn about the classification of non-communicable diseases.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also known as chronic diseases.
• These diseases are not passed from person to person. They last for long
periods of time generally progress slowly. Non-communicable disease can be
classified in the following ways:

14. Conti…..
• Non-communicable diseases affecting the cardiovascular system
• Non-communicable diseases affecting the gastrointestinal system
• Non-communicable diseases affecting the central nervous system
• Non-communicable diseases affecting the renal system
• Non-communicable diseases affecting the endocrine system

15. Conti…….
• Conditions associated with malnutrition
• Non-communicable diseases affecting the respiratory system
• Common cancerous conditions
• Common injuries

16. ConceptsofCommunicableandNon-CommunicableDiseases
Classification Description Examples
Non-communicable diseases affecting the cardiovascular
system.
These are the diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels. Examples include hypertension, coronary Disease and valvular
heart diseases.
Non-communicable diseases affecting the gastrointestinal
system
These are diseases that affect the digestive system. Examples include gastric ulcer disease, peptic ulcer disease
ulcerative colitis
Non-communicable diseases affecting the central nervous
system
These are diseases that affect the brain and the spinal cord Examples include Psychiatric illness cardiovascular accident.
Non-communicable diseases affecting the renal system These are diseases that affect the kidney and urinary tubules Examples include renal failure, acute glomerular nephrites and
nephritic syndrome.
Non-communicable diseases affecting the endocrine system These are diseases that result from an increase or decrease in
the amount of hormones produced in the body
Examples include diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, Addison’s
disease.
Conditions associated with malnutrition
These are diseases that are due to either under nutrition or over
nutrition
Examples include Kwashiorkor, marasmus and obesity.
Non-communicable diseases affecting the respiratory system These are diseases that affect the breathing system Examples include asthma, chronic obstructive air way disease
and pulmonary embolism.
Common cancerous conditions These are disease that results from abnormal cell development These are disease that results from abnormal cell development
Common injuries These are diseases that result from trauma emanating from
varied causes
Examples include soft tissue injuries and fractures.

17. •END