The document describes several ancient Indian town planning typologies: 1. Dandaka type provides for two entrance gates and is used for small towns and villages, with village offices located in the east. 2. Sarvathobhadra type fully occupies a square site with houses of all classes and a dominating central temple. 3. Nandyavarta type has streets parallel to central streets, forming a flower-like shape, used for towns of 3,000-4,000 houses with a central temple. 4. Padmaka type resembles a lotus with radiating petals, used for fortified towns surrounded by water with no room for expansion.

1. KALAME EVAIKUM MOOLAM KALAME MOOLA ATRAL
KALAME KOLATHOTRAM, KALAME NGALA THOTRAM
KALAME VINDAI SEIUM KALAME NUNUKAMAYUM
KALAME ANNUKALAYUM KALATHIN ATRAL ENNE
BY – MAYAN THE GREAT ANCIENT SCIENTIST
RESEARCH REPORT ON ANCIENT PRINCIPLES
BY ARCHITECT – M.LOKESH
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

2. Dandaka
Dandaka type of town plan provides for two main entrance gates and is generally adopted for
the formation of small towns and villages, the village offices being located in the east. The
female deity of the village or the chamadevata will generally be located outside the village
and the male deities in the northern portion

3. Sarvathobhadra
This type of town plan is applicable to larger villages and towns, which have to be constructed
on a square site. According to this plan, the whole town should be fully occupied by houses of
various descriptions and inhabited by all classes of people. The temple dominates the villageArchitect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

4. Nandyavarta
This plan is commonly used for the construction of towns and not for villages. It is generally
adopted for the sites either circular or square in shape, with not less than three thousand
houses, but not more than four thousand. The streets run parallel to the central adjoining
streets with the temple of the presiding deity in the centre of the town. “Nandyavarta” is the
name of a flower, the form of which is followed in this layout
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

5. Padmaka
This type of plan was practiced for building of the towns with fortress all round. The pattern of
the plan resembles the petals of lotus radiating outwards from the centre. The city used to be
practically an island surrounded by water, having no scope for expansion.
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

6. Swastika
Swastika type of plan contemplates some diagonal streets dividing the site into certain
triangular plots. The site need not be marked out into a square or rectangle and it may be of any
shape. A rampart wall surrounds the town, with a moat at its foot filled with water. Two main
streets cross each other at the center, running south to north and west to east
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

7. Prastara
The characteristic feature of this plan is that the site may be either square or rectangular but not
triangular or circular. The sites are set apart for the poor, the middle class, the rich and the
very rich, the sizes of the sites increasing according to the capacity of each to purchase or build
upon. The main roads are muchwider compared to those of other patterns. The town may or
may not be surrounded by a fort.
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

8. Karmuka
This plan is suitable for the place where the site of the town is in the form of a bow or semi-
circular or parabolic and mostly applied for towns located on the seashore or riverbanks. The
main streets of the town run from north to south or east to west and the cross streets run at
right-angles to them, dividing the whole area into blocks. The presiding deity, commonly a
female deity, is installed in the temple build in any convenient place
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

9. Chaturmukha
Chaturmukha type of plan is applicable to all towns starting from the largest town to the
smallest village. The site may be either square or rectangular having four faces. The town is laid
out east to west lengthwise, with four main streets. The temple of the presiding deity will be
always at the canter
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

10. Chaturmukha (Grid iron pattern) Type of planning macro level
• Conceptual study of the site gives us the clear cut idea about urban context.
• The planning ideologies of our ancient people is to create a Chathurmukha type of
planning.
• Zoning
Temple
Housing types.
Temple tank
SITE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS ACCORDING TO OUR TRADITIONAL PRICIPLES
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

11. centrally located temple tank
will give ground water stability
all around the areas
Location of temple gives us the
easy aces ability from all four
sides
It will provide good humid air ventilation all
around the residences
All the bathing and
washing can be done at
a common place
All the residences will
get cool breeze and
good networking for
circulation for
services Etc
• City can be expandable according to its
future expansion.
Chaturmukha Type of planning
Grid iron pattern it says the planning principles ancient people Centrally located temple tank,
near by temple all other will be the housing and other amenities.
Chaturmuka planning advantages
Aggraharam placed
Near by the temple
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

12. BINDU POINT
BRAMMA PADHA
DEIVEKA PADA
MANUSHA PADA
PAISHASIKA PADA
MICRO LEVEL - RESIDENTIAL PLANNING
THESE TYPE OF RESIDENTIAL
PLANNING IS GIVING
COMFORT LEVEL OF
PLANNING AND LIVING
ATMOSPHERE TO THAT
RESIDENCE.
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

13. TO PROVE THE MICRO LEVEL PLANNING WE HAVE DONE A STUDY ABOUT ONE OLD MADAM
IN THE 9 TH GRID
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

14. THINNAI – COMMUNAL SPACE
MUTRAM – COURTYARD SEMI INTERACTIVE SPACE
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

15. VIEW OF SWCOND COURTYARD
(BACK YARD) MANUSHA PADHA (LIVING SPACE)
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

16. BINDU POINT
BRAMMA PADHA
DEIVEKA PADA
MANUSHA PADA
PAISHASIKA PADA
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

17. TOPOGRAPHY
The existing site is elevated at an average level , with a largely
flat topography giving an average slope of 1 in 100. As such,
the topography poses little constraint on future development.
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

18. TOPOGRAPHY VEGITATION & EXISTING FEATURES
The existing site retains a relatively flat topography, with a vista of sparse landscape and
existing low-scale built form of little significance within the future development of the site.
While visual access to the lake behind the site will make more interesting to design a
beautiful master plan.
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

19. BUILT FORM SITE ACCESS
The primary access route to the region is by way of the Nh4, also known as Bangalore
to Chennai Road. Internal access to the site is by way of a sub arterial road (18m
width) that connects the highway to the site area. This restricted access arrangement
permits the development of the site as a secure gated community.
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

20. LAND USE MAP
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

21. AREA PROGRAMME
TOTAL SITE AREA – 41.1 ACRES (166381 SQ.M) 100%
SITE AREA 41.2 ACRES 166381 SQ.M 100%
OSR 4.12 ACRES 16672.9 SQ.M 10%
ROAD 6.16 ACRES 24957.1 SQ.M 15%
COMMERCIAL 2.0 ACRES 8319.05 SQ.M 5%
COMMUNITY 2.0 ACRES 8319.05 SQ.M 5%
INFRASTRUCTURE 2.0 ACRES 8319.05 SQ.M 5%
HOUSING 16.4 ACRES 66552.4 SQ.M 40%
LANDSCAPE 8.2 ACRES 33276.2 SQ.M 20%
F.S.I = 1.5
T.B.A = 1.5 X 166381 = 249571.5
PLOT COVERAGE 50 % = 83190.5
LIG = 10% = 6655.24
EWS = 10% = 6655.24
MIG = 60% = 39931.44
HIG = 20% = 13310.48
66552.4 = 100%
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

22. AREA PROGRAMME
In Acres In Sqft In Sqm
1TOTAL AREA OF THE PLOT 41.1 1790316 166386.25
2F.S.I 1.5
3TOTAL BUILT UP AREA 61.65 2685474 249579.37
4TOTAL GROUND COVERAGE 20.55 895158 83193.12
50%
5AVAILABLE GROUND COVERAGE 20.55 895158 83193.12
6AREA FOR HIGH RISE 1790316
AMENITIES TO BE PROVIDED
1 SCHOOL 10000 929.37 8800
2DISPENSARY 2000 185.87 800
3COMMUNITY HALL 10000 929.37 7500
4LIBRARY 2000 185.87 185
5TELEPHONE EXCHANGE 500 46.47 46
6MILK BOOTH 200 18.59 150
7CHILDEREN'S PARK 20000 1858.74
8TOT-LOT 2000 185.87
9PETTY SHOP 2 NOS 250 23.23 23
10GROCERY SHOP 250 23.23 23
11PLAY GROUND/STADIUM 10 % 268547.4 24957.94
12RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS 2000 1000
13postal 1000
14atm 6
15police station 2000
16shopping centre 4600
17
18bank 75
19AREA FOR AMENITIES 317747.4 29530.43 26208
20AREA FOR HOUSING 2367726.6 220048.94 223371.37
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

23. AREA PROGRAMME
AREA
ALLOTED % OF
SQFT SQM TOTAL AREA
NO OF
UNITS DISTRIB
1L-LIG ( E.W. S) 10% 500.00 46.47 236772.66 473.55 37.88 35.54
2LIG 10% 630.00 58.55 236772.66 375.83 25.62
3L-MIG 30% 825.00 76.67 710317.98 860.99 14.88
4U-MIG 25% 1176.92 109.38 591931.65 502.95 11.57
5L-HIG 10% 1500.00 139.41 355158.99 236.77 7.44
6U-HIG 10% 1750.00 162.64 236772.66 135.30 4.13
7VILLAS/BUNGALOWS 5% 2454.55 228.12 118386.33 48.23 2.48
2633.62
TYPE % D/U INCOME % EMI
LOAN
AMOUNT COST PER AREA AREA TOTAL AREA
FOR 15 YRS SQFT
ALLOTED IN
Sqft
ALLOTED IN
Sqft
FOR
ALLOTMENT
1L-LIG 20% 12500 2500 450000 900 500.00 46.47
2U-LIG 20% 17500 3500 630000 1000 630.00 58.55
3L-MIG 15% 27500 5500 990000 1200 825.00 76.67
4U-MIG 15% 42500 8500 1530000 1300 1176.92 109.38
5L-HIG 15% 62500 12500 2250000 1500 1500.00 139.41
6U-HIG 10% 87500 17500 3150000 1800 1750.00 162.64
7
VILLAS/B
UNGALO
WS 5% 150000 30000 5400000 2200 2454.55 228.12
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

24. Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

25. STEP-01 DIVIDING THE SITE INTO 4 ZONES
ACCORDING TO THE AXIS JUSTIFICATION
STEP-02 PROVIDING THE CENTRAL OPEN SPACE
AND ARRIVING A CONCEPT OF SWASTIKA IN
ANCIENT PLANNINGPRINCIPLE
STEP-03 AGAIN PROVIDING THE CENTRAL OPEN SPACE
AND GIVE A OPENNESS TO ALL FOUR ZONES
CONCEPT EVOLUTION

26. STEP-04 ARRIVING A CONCEPT OF SWASTIKA
INSIDE SWASTIKA - METAPHORICAL THEORY (PIN WHEEL CONCEPT)
CONCEPT EVOLUTIONArchitect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

27. CONCEPT EVOLUTION
STEP-05 IMPROVING THE CONCEPT EVEN MORE SWASTIKA
INSIDE SWASTIKA - METAPHORICAL THEORY (PIN WHEEL CONCEPT)
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

28. PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY ROADWAYS
PEDESTRIAN NETWORK
BUS / TAXI POINT
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

29. PRIMARY INTERNAL
SECONDARY INTERNAL
TERTIARY INTERNAL
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

30. L - MIG -
U – MIG -
L - HIG -
U - HIG
INDIVIDUAL PLOT
LIG (E.W.S)
U -LIG
SHOPPING CENTRE
SCHOOL/LIBRARY
DISPENSARY
POLICE STATION
EXISTING MANDAPA
PAVER BLOCK
ROAD
LANDSCAPE
TAMPLE
BANK
%
9689.0 5.8
2260.3 1.3
4089.5 2.4
5022.0 3.0
8587.8 5.1
3135 1.8
2793.8 1.6
941.61 0.5
3230.50 1.9
273.5 0.16
92.6 0.05
172.0 0.10
5596 3.3
34309.7 20.6
46167.23 27.7
314.1 0.18
75.00
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

31. Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET

32. Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET
Architect M.Lokesh 1st sem design M.Arch - HIET