The document discusses the early civilizations of ancient India, including the Indus Civilization from 3300-2400 BCE centered around the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. It then discusses the later Vedic period from 1200-600 BCE, during which the Hindu religion was established through sacred texts known as the Vedas, written in Sanskrit. These texts included hymns, prayers, and discussions around beliefs, gods, sacrifices and the establishment of the caste system in Hindu society.

1. Early Civilizations of Ancient India

2. The Indus Civilization 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE

3. Citadel Of Mohenjo-Daro

4. Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro

5. Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro

6. The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro

7. Bath Area, Mohenjo-Daro

8. Well, Mohenjo-Daro

9. A Main Street, Mohenjo-Daro

10. Granery, Mohenjo-Daro

11. pottery, Mohenjo-Daro

12. Bison Seal, Mohenjo-Daro

13. A Horned-God Seal, Mohenjo-Daro

14. A Male Head, Mohenjo-Daro Dravidian

15. A Priest-King, Mohenjo-Daro

16. Necklace, Mohenjo-Daro

17. Public Well, Harappa

18. Drain, Harappa

19. Unicorn Seal, Harappa

20. Female Figures, Harappa

21. Bull Figurine, Harappa

22. Elephant Figurine, Harappa

23. Burial Pottery, Harappa

24. Male Skeleton, Harappa

25. Female Skeleton with Child, Harappa

26. Harappan Writing Undecipherable to date.

28. Hindu civilization

31. Brahmanas = prose tets containing observations on religious rites and sacrifices Arankayas = religious and philosophical ideas composed for the old hermits of the forests Upanishads = moral instructions for fully understandig the essence of universal truth

32. Sanskrit writing

35. Varna (Social Hierarchy) Shudras Vaishyas Kshatriyas Pariahs [ Harijan ]  Untouchables Brahmins

37. The Vedic Age The foundations for Hinduism were established!