The document provides an overview of key events leading up to the American Civil War, including the Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, Bleeding Kansas, the Dred Scott decision, and the election of 1860. It then discusses the formation of the Confederate States of America and early battles of the Civil War from 1861-1862, including Bull Run, Shiloh, the Peninsula Campaign, Second Bull Run, and Antietam. Key figures discussed include Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson.

1. The Road to
Civil War

2. Missouri Compromise of 1820

3. Supposed to settle issue of slavery in new
western territories
Compromise favored the Anti-
Slave folks (Abolitionists)
It was not strictly followed

4. The Problem?
California splits the 36º30’
line from the MO

5. The Solution: 1. CA enters as a Free
State
2. NM has no
restrictions on
slavery (no duh,
they are under the
36º30’ anyways)
3. Slave Trade (NOT
slavery) is outlawed
in DC
4. Congress will pass

6. So, what’s the next Conflict?Let’s look at that Fugitive Slave

7. The Fugitive Slave Act of
1850
•It required ALL citizens to
help catch runaway slaves
•The Act actually convinced
more Northerners to oppose
slavery
•Northern juries refused to
convict those who broke the
law

8. Next Hot Button Issue . . .KANSAS AND NEBRASKA
Let the People decide the
slavery issue?

9. The Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Enter Stephen
A. Douglas of
Illinois
Both KS and NE
wanted in as
states
Both states are
above the 36º30’
line
Both states would
therefore be free
states

10. The Kansas-Nebraska
ActDouglas had money
tied up in the
RailroadHe also wanted to be
President in the near
futureHe figured he needed
Southern support for
that run
So, here is the idea Douglas comes
up with
Throw out the Missouri Compromise
Let the people decide the issue of
slavery for themselves (popular

11. The Kansas-Nebraska
ActHe figures that the
people moving into these
territories will not vote
for slavery
But, he’s allowed the
people to decide
which the South
would support
And he has done
away with the
unpopular and
ineffective Missouri
Compromise

12. Bleeding Kansas
In 1855, KS elects a pro-
slavery legislature with the
help of thousands of Border
Ruffians, people who crossed
the border just to vote
This government kept
anti-slavery people
out of office and they
had no voice
Then, the anti-slavery
folks formed another
government and
violence erupted

13. Bleeding Kansas
Unfortunately,
Congress was split
over the issue and
nothing was done to
stop the violence
Finally, troops were sent
in and order restored –
John Brown and his
family murdered 4 pro-
slavery folks in the
night but, there was
this on both sides

14. The Dred Scott
DecisionDred Scott was a slave
who was taken with his
family to free territory
and then back to the
South
He took his case to the Supreme
Court to argue that since he
lived in “free” territory, he
should be a free man
The Supreme Court ruled
against him.

15. Dred Scott
The Court, led by
slaveholder Roger B.
Taney, ruled against Dred
Scott for two reasons
First was that Dred Scott was not
considered a citizen (since he was a
slave) and therefore had no standing in
court (could not sue).
Second was that slaves were considered
property and only their owner could grant
freedom. The govn’t can’t just take away
your property

16. The Election of 1860
The
Republicans
(newly formed
and anti-
slavery)
nominated
Abraham
Lincoln
Northern
Democrats
(popular
sovereignty decides
slavery) nominated
Stephen Douglas
Pro-slavery
Southern
Democrats
nominated
John C.
BreckinridgeConstitutional Union Party (neutral on
slavery) nominated John Bell

17. The Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln won
the election without
carrying a single
Southern state. He
wasn’t even on the
ballot for most of them!
He did win all Northern
states.
The writing was clearly on the
wall for the South. They could
not overcome Northern (anti-
slave) power.

18. Southern Reaction
On December 20,
1860, South
Carolina became
the first state to
secede from the
Union!
Lincoln and the Republicans
promised not to disturb
slavery, but many in the South
didn’t trust them.

19. Southern Reaction
The stage was set for the formation of
the Confederate States of America when
in February of 1861, TX, LA, MS, AL,
FL and GA joined SC.
Later that year, AR, TN, NC
and VA made it 11 states to
join the CSA.

20. The Confederate States of
AmericaWhich Is the real flag of
the CSA?

21. The Confederate States of
AmericaWhich Is the real flag of
the CSA?
First flag
“Stars and Bars”
Second National
Flag
Third National
Flag
Battle
Flag
Navy Jack
“Rebel” Flag

22. The Confederate States of
America
The CSA claimed it had the
right to secede because of
States Rights
The federal government, in
their mind, had refused to
enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
and thus had given the CSA
states the right to leave the
Union.
On February 4, 1861,
representatives met in
Montgomery, AL to form a
new government and elected
Jefferson Davis as their
President

23. The Civil War Begins
Back in Charleston, the
new CSA threatened to
bombard Fort Sumter
South Carolina had
given the commander of
the fort orders to leave
the harbor just outside
of Charleston
President Lincoln refused to recall his
troops and SC troops bombarded the
installation on April 12, 1861. The Federal
fort was surrendered on the 14th
and the
Civil War had begun.

24. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who’s In and Who’s
Out?
•The Border States of
Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland and Delaware
stayed with the Union (some
•Because of this, Tennessee,
Arkansas, Virginia and North
Carolina all joined the
Confederacy
•Lincoln issued a call for troops
in response to Fort Sumter’s
surrender

25. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Missouri and Kentucky
•Protected Union farmland to the
North
•They helped control the MS and OH
Rivers
The Border
StatesThe Border States were Slave States
but Lincoln needed them too much
Maryland
•w/o it, DC would be surrounded by
the CSADelaware
•Protects the ports of Philadelphia

26. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Here’s a tough

27. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who had the advantage in theWho had the advantage in the
Union orUnion or
Confederacy?Confederacy?
WhyWhy
??

28. The Civil War (1861-1865)

29. Union Advantages
The Union had larger
population
More troops means the UnionMore troops means the Union
can withstand more casualtiescan withstand more casualties
and overcome poor militaryand overcome poor military
leadershipleadershipThe Union had more
industry
This means moreThis means more
weapons andweapons and
ammunitionammunition Abraham Lincoln
Like him or not, theLike him or not, the
Union couldn’t haveUnion couldn’t have
won without hiswon without his
leadership.leadership.

30. Confederate Advantages
The CSA had a cause
Much like our Revolution,Much like our Revolution,
the people were fighting tothe people were fighting to
be free from an oppressivebe free from an oppressive
governmentgovernment
Military Leadership
The South had more trainedThe South had more trained
officers and more trainedofficers and more trained
troops who had just finishedtroops who had just finished
fighting against Mexicanfighting against Mexican
troopstroops
Plus, the CSA had “home fieldPlus, the CSA had “home field
advantage”advantage”

31. #1 Blockade the Confederate
CoastlineThis keeps the troopThis keeps the troop
movement slow and keeps themovement slow and keeps the
South from exporting cottonSouth from exporting cotton
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union war plan – Anaconda Plan

32. =
=

33. #2 Control the Mississippi
River
This cuts off theThis cuts off the
“West” from the rest“West” from the rest
of the CSAof the CSA
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Union war plan

34. It was a simple one-part
planFight a “defensive” war. Make itFight a “defensive” war. Make it
difficult enough for the Union to takedifficult enough for the Union to take
them back, the Union would simplythem back, the Union would simply
get tired of fighting and recognize theget tired of fighting and recognize the
CSA as a new nation.CSA as a new nation.
The Civil War (1861-1865)
Confederate war plan
Besides, they didn’t have theBesides, they didn’t have the
troop numbers to go on thetroop numbers to go on the
“offensive.”“offensive.”

35. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who were these two sides?
The Confederates were broken into two
major Armies
The Army of Tennessee
•This was the combination of the
Armies of Kentucky, Mississippi
and Tennessee
•was headed by a few different
Generals
•Fought mostly in the Western
Campaigns
The Army of Northern Virginia
•Eventually was headed by Robert
E. Lee
•Fought mostly in the Eastern
Campaigns

36. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Who were these two sides?
The Union was broken into two major
Armies as well
The Army of the
Tennessee
•Fought in the Western
Theater
•Most notably headed by
Generals Grant and
Sherman
The Army of the Potomac
•Lincoln’s main Army
•Fought mostly in the Eastern
Campaigns
•Headed by a bunch of men - finally
Grant

37. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Early Years (1861-1862)
Some Early Battles and their importance
Date
Who
Won?
Battle Significance
July
1861
CSA
First Bull
Run
or
Manassas
First major battle of Civil War
Both sides disorganized
Stonewall Jackson - Confederate
hero
CSA can’t capitalize on Union
retreat
April
1862
Union Shiloh
General Grant emerges as leader in
West
CSA wins 1st
day, but
reinforcements from Nashville help
Union pull it out
From here, the Union takes
Corinth, MS and Memphis – starts

38. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Early Years (1861-1862)
Some Early Battles and their importance
Date
Who
Won?
Battle Significance
Marc
h
1862
CSA
Peninsular
Campaign
McClellan wastes too much time
training and building his troops
Robert E. Lee takes command of
CSA troops – Army of Virginia
Union fails to capture Richmond
Augus
t
1862
CSA
2nd
Bull
Run or
Manassas
Stonewall Jackson / Lee vs John
Pope
Richmond safe for now
CSA pushes to 20 miles from DC
Sept.
Union
Antietam
Lee goes on the offensive to try to
get aid from England or France
with a win
McClellan had actually found Lee’s

39. Death
Tolls
Death
Tolls
Top 5 Battles in Terms of
Casualties
Date Death Toll Battle / Total
Sept. 17
1862
12,410
U
13,724
C
Antietam
26,134
May 8-19
1864
18,399
U 9,000
C
Spotsylvania
27,399
May 1-4
1863
17,278
U
12,821
C
Chancellorsv
ille
30,099
Sept 19-
20 1863
16,170
U
18,454
C
Chickamaug
a
34,624
July 1-3
1863
23,049
U
28,063
C
Gettysburg
51,112

40. Did You Know?Did You Know?
Dog Tags
came
from the
Civil WarBecause the death toll was so
high, soldiers printed their
names and addresses on
handkerchiefs or paper, which
they pinned to their clothing
before going into battle.

41. Civil War Firsts that you may not have
known!
These things occurred for
the first time during our
Civil War
Machine gun
Steel Ships
Submarine
Snorkel breathing device
Anti-aircraft fire
Cigarette Tax
Commissioned Army
Chaplains
Department of Justice
(CSA)
Electronically exploded
bombs
Medal of Honor
Naval Torpedoes
Black US Army
Officer
(Major M.R. Delaney)
Battle PhotographyBattle Photography
Repeating RiflesRepeating Rifles
““Taps”Taps”
Income TaxIncome Tax
US Secret ServiceUS Secret Service
Anesthesia forAnesthesia for
surgerysurgeryNO, YOU DIDN’T KNOW
According to
The Civil War: Strange and
Fascinating Facts
by Burke Davis

42. Lincoln
and his
commanders
Irvin McDowell
Too Inexperienced
George McClellan
TOO SLOW Ambrose Burnside
Guess what we got from him?
Joe Hooker
Not your most
upstanding figure

43. Lincoln and his
commanders
George Meade
He was the last real
Commander of the
Army of the Potomac
And Finally in 1864And Finally in 1864
Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
Commander of Federal TroopsCommander of Federal Troops

44. Abraham Lincoln
The Great Emancipator
Early Views on Slavery
Remember that Lincoln and mostRemember that Lincoln and most
Republicans were for a gradual end toRepublicans were for a gradual end to
slavery.slavery.
His main concern was with theHis main concern was with the
Border States who still ownedBorder States who still owned
slaves.slaves.
As the war moved on, the NorthAs the war moved on, the North
saw slavery as helping thesaw slavery as helping the
Confederate cause.Confederate cause.

45. Abraham Lincoln
The Great Emancipator
The Times They are a Changin’
There was growing pressure fromThere was growing pressure from
Free Blacks and Abolitionists in theFree Blacks and Abolitionists in the
North.North.
Lincoln also needs a way to keepLincoln also needs a way to keep
England and France out of this war.England and France out of this war.
He also wanted the President toHe also wanted the President to
make a stand on slavery, not themake a stand on slavery, not the
Congress.Congress.

46. Abraham Lincoln
The Great Emancipator
The Emancipation Proclamation
After victory at Antietam, LincolnAfter victory at Antietam, Lincoln
announced his intention to free theannounced his intention to free the
slaves of the South. On January 1,slaves of the South. On January 1,
1863 he issued the Emancipation1863 he issued the Emancipation
Proclamation, stating:Proclamation, stating:
“. . . all persons held as slaves within
any state . . . in rebellion against the
United States, shall be then,

47. Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN
THE UNION?
NO! The Border States kept their
slaves because they weren’t “in
rebellion.”
DID IT FREE THE SLAVES IN
THE SOUTH?
NOT REALLY Remember, the
CSA isn’t listening to Lincoln
because they are “in rebellion”
DUH

48. Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
DID IT GIVE BLACKS AND
SLAVES HOPE?
YES, any slave who made it to
Union controlled territory was set
free and over 100,000 did just
that.
Furthermore, there were about
200,000 African Americans who
served in the Union Armies and
Navies.

49. You may have
seen this movie
which is about the
54th
Massachusetts
A regiment that
was All-Black
(except the
commanding
officers)
Many of them were killed leading
a failed Union raid of Fort
Wagner outside of Charleston, SC

50. Emancipation Proclamation
What did it do?
Slaves wouldn’t get freedom until
much laterIn the 13th
Amendment, slavery
was ended, but that was in 1865.
And yet, this may be Lincoln’s
most brilliant maneuver in the
Civil War?
YOU BET! England and France
couldn’t sell support of the CSA
to their own people who were

51. Without freeing a
single slave, Abraham
Lincoln had officially
changed the Civil War
into being about
ending slavery.

52. The Civil War (1861-1865)
Things are going good for the
Confederates, or are they?
Fredericksburg (December 1862)
The Confederates are outnumbered,
but easily defeat Ambrose Burnside.
He resigns after the loss.
Chancellorsville (May 1863)
Now, Lee takes on Joseph Hooker.
The CSA wins, but Stonewall Jackson
is wounded by his own men and dies
a week later. BIG LOSS
These help Lee feel he should invade the North – it may
bring in Britain and France

53. The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Blue Years (1863-1865)
Battles that begin the end and their
importance
Date
Who
Won?
Battle Significance
July
1863
Union Gettysburg
This was the heaviest loss in lives
of the Civil War (over 51,000)
Known for Pickett’s Charge – a
very costly military mistake
With this loss, Lee would never
be able to invade the North again
BIG TURNING POINT IN THE
WAR
May –
July Union Vicksburg
Grant lays siege on the town for a
month
Union victory gains control of the
MS River

54. The Civil War (1861-1865)
The Blue Years (1863-1865)
Battles that begin the end and their
importance
Date
Who
Won?
Battle Significance
July –
Sept
1864
Union Atlanta
Start point for Sherman’s March
to the Sea (Savannah) –
introducing the idea of Total War
Aug
1864
Union Mobile Bay
David Farragut leads Union Navy
into bay and finally gives Union
total control of the Gulf of Mexico
News of this victory helps Lincoln
win the 1864 election
1864-
1865
Union Petersburg
Grant attacks this important rail
center near Richmond for
months
Eventually forces retreat of Lee’s