This PowerPoint presentation is designed to assist students and teachers who are reviewing for the South Carolina End of Court

2. Summarize the course of the Civil
War and its impact on democracy,
including the major turning
points; the impact of the
Emancipation Proclamation; the
unequal Treatment afforded to
African American military units;
the geographic, economic, and
political factors in the defeat of
the Confederacy; and the
ultimate defeat of the idea of
secession.

3. “A House divided against
itself cannot stand.”
-- Abraham Lincoln

4. Indian
Territory
(CSA)
The “Deep South” seceded
after Lincoln was elected.
Secession
The “Upper South” waited…
DOCUMENT

5. Causes of
Southern Secession
• Conflicting views about federal authority and
states’ rights
• Economic and cultural differences between the
agricultural South and the industrializing North
• Debates over the expansion of slavery into the
western territories
• The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860

6. Confederate States of America
(CSA)
First National Flag of the CSA
Jefferson Davis,
President
1861-1865

7. War-making
Capacity
of the
North
and
South

8. Confederate Advantages
• More Competent Generals
– Southern Military Tradition
• “Home Field Advantage”
• DEFENSE as objective
– NOT conquest
• HIGH STAKES
– Survival as objective

9. UNION
Advantage
CONFEDERATE
Advantage
Population
Manufacturing
Money
Defense
Military
Leadership
Political
Leadership

10. The “Anaconda Plan”
General
Winfield
Scott
(1860)

11. Decisive Battles
of the Civil War
Battle Year
Victor
SignificanceUnion Confed.
Fort Sumter
1861 X Began the Civil War
Antietam
(Sharpsburg) 1862 Tactical Draw
Union Strategic
Bloodiest Single Day of War
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
(PA) 1863 X Lee’s first tactical defeat
Vicksburg
(MS) 1863 X
Confederates lose control of
Mississippi River
Appomattox
Court House
1865 X Lee surrenders to Grant

12. Antietam
Lee and McClellan
fought to a tactical
draw in the bloodiest
single day of the war.
Afterwards,
Lee retreated to VA.
STRATEGIC VICTORY
for the Union
September, 1862
CASUALTIES USA CSA

13. The Emancipation Proclamation
"That on the first day of January, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three, all persons held as slaves
within any State or designated part of a
State, the people whereof shall then be in
rebellion against the United States, shall be
then, thenceforward, and forever free….
“Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President
of the United States, by virtue of the power
in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of
the Army and Navy of the United States in
time of actual armed rebellion against the
authority and government of the United
States, and as a fit and necessary war
measure for suppressing said rebellion…”
1/1/1863
DOCUMENT

14. Areas affected
Areas specifically exempted
The Emancipation Proclamation

15. WHY, THEN?
0

16. Lincoln’s #1 War Aim
Preserve the Union
–All other goals were
secondary
–Emancipation a goal IN
ADDITION

17. Engagement State Victory
Chancellorsville VA Confederate
Gettysburg PA Union
Vicksburg MS Union
1863
Decisive Engagements
Lee
In 1863, Lee won
his greatest victory
and suffered his
greatest defeat.

18. Conscription
aka, “The Draft”
Confederate
(1862)
Union
(1863)
o Draftees could hire
substitutes
o Planters* exempt
*20 or more slaves
o Draftees could hire
substitutes
o $300 to exempt
“Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight.”
-- Anti-draft slogan

19. After his victory at
Chancellorsville, Lee
invaded Pennsylvania
in hopes of gaining a
decisive victory on
Northern soil.
Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863

20. Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
CASUALTIES UNION CONFEDERATE
After three days of
fighting, Lee failed to
defeat the Union Army.
LEE’S FIRST
TACTICAL DEFEAT

21. Grant
Siege of
Vicksburg
May 18 – July 4, 1863

22. A Turning Point...
The back-to-back losses at
Gettysburg and Vicksburg
were severe blows to the
Confederacy.
What effect did these battles have
on the Copperhead movement in
the North?

23. The
Gettysburg
Address
November 19, 1863
Fourscore and seven
years ago…
Of the people, by
the people, and for
the people…
RHETORIC

24. African-Americans
About 180,000 African-Americans
enlisted in the Union Army in the
later years of the war.
– 10% of Union Army / 1% of Population
ALL VOLUNTEER
Only whites were drafted in the North.
in the Civil War

26. 54th Massachusetts
Volunteer Infantry
The film, Glory (1989),
is based on the story of
the 54th Massachusetts
Volunteer Infantry.

27. The Old Flag Never Touched the Ground, which depicts the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer
Infantry Regiment at the attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, on July 18, 1863.

28. 1856 1860 1864
Election of 1864

29. Four
More
Years!

30. TOTAL WAR
• After defeating McClellan, Lincoln was no longer
bound by political considerations.
Lincoln Grant Sherman

31. Lee
vs.
Grant
WAR OF ATTRITION
Virginia
1864-1865

32. Gen. William T.
Sherman (USA)
Sherman’s March 1864-1865

33. Sherman’s March 1864-1865

34. Lincoln’s Second
Inaugural Address
Compare to
First Inaugural
March 4,
1865

35. Lee Surrenders to Grant
Appomattox Court House
April 12, 1865

36. Richmond, 1865