Lead and human health

1. Harmful effect of lead on
human health
PROF. GHIZAL FATIMA,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
, Era University
Lucknow, India12/10/2020 1

2. Through an awareness program,
we collected blood samples of
some battery workers and painters
and their family members to
estimate the BLL.

3. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 3
Blood lead level of battery workers and their family members
Case
BLL (µg/dl)
Male Female Children (n)
Family 1 110.2 44.5 15-20 (n=2)
Family 2 90.5 24.6 10-14 (n=3)
Family 3 72.5 16.6 8-15 (n=3)
Family 4 67.5 20.6 9-11 (n=2)
Family 5 88.5 30.7 5-16 (n=4)

4. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 4
Blood lead level of painters and their family members
Case
BLL (µg/dl)
Male Female Children (n)
Family 1 >63.5 20 2-5 (n=4)
Family 2 40.2 12.6 4-7 (n=3)
Family 3 55.4 8.4 6-9 (n=4)
Family 4 29.2 7.6 3-5 (n=2)
Family 5 37.2 9.4 2-8 (n=3)

5. • Moreover, 25 painters blood samples were
collected on working site and BLL
estimated.

6. S. No. Subjects Blood Lead Level (BLL) (µg/dl) Reference range (< 5 µg/dl)
1. Mohit 4.6 Below
2. Jai lalita <3.3 Below
3. M. Shaan 13.1 High
4. Nadeem 4.7 Below
5. Asad 16.7 High
6. Zainab 13.5 High
7. Jamal 11.0 High
8. Shaheen 18.0 High
9. Shivam 12.0 High
10. Faizan 5.0 Below
11. Rayyan 16.7 High
12. Anjali 11.7 High
13. Krishna 8.5 Below
14. Shahrukh 11.1 High
15. Azeem 7.5 Below
16. H. Rehman 17.6 High
17. Yashpal 4.4 Below
18. Aqsa Mahek 7.0 High
19. Anas 12.2 High
20. Rehan 9.3 High
21. Alisha 13.9 High
22. Alfia 12.9 High

7. 12/10/2020 7
A pilot study to evaluate the maternal and umbilical
cord blood lead levels: An approach for safe
motherhood

8. In the present study we evaluated maternal and umbilical cord
blood lead level.
Lead can permeate through the fetus blood - brain barrier causing
negative impact on fetal growth and the developing brain. As a
result, pregnant women are at a greater risk of suffering from
neuro-toxic effects of lead.

9. LEAD MOVEMENT INTO FETUS.
Lead in mothers blood enters fetus through the placenta and
umbilical cord through passive transport. Lead ions eventually
infiltrate the blood brain barrier leading to cognitive impairment.
Reference:
anthro.palomer.edu/blood/images/fetus

10. How lead is transported and effects next
generations

11. Stage 1:
Pregnant women visiting Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era
University, Lucknow for delivery were included in the study. An informed,
written consent was obtained from all the subjects.
Stage 2:
A questionnaire form used in the study includes socio-demographic features
(age, smoking habit, family member smoking, water source, location,
occupation, family member working in lead exposed profession, pica symptoms,
previous history of lead exposure and drinking habit) indicating chances of lead
exposure.
Stage 3:
The umbilical cord blood and blood samples of pregnant women was taken
under the close observation of the medical practitioners.
Stage 4:
The analytical estimation of lead in samples was done using Inductively Coupled
Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) and LeadCare II Kit by
electrode method.
Stage 5:
Developed computational model to predict the blood lead level (BLL), indicating
Methodology

12. Elevated blood lead levels in maternal blood
(n=200)
We found elevated lead levels (> 5µg/dl) in 44.5% of maternal
blood

13. Elevated blood lead levels in maternal blood
(n=200)
Among 44.5% of elevated BLL in maternal blood subjects. 19% were
between 5-10 µg/dl and 25.5% were between 10-20 µg/dl which is
an alarming lead concentration.

14. Elevated blood lead levels in umbilical cord blood
(n=200)
We found elevated lead levels (>5µg/dl) in 35% umbilical cord blood
samples.

15. Elevated blood lead levels in umbilical cord blood
(n=200)
Among 35% of elevated Lead levels in umbilical cord blood 12% were
found between 5-10 µg/dl and 23% were detected at alarming10-20
µg/dl blood lead concentration.

16. Specific and Non-specific symptoms in elevated blood lead
levels subjects (n=200)

17. computational model based on the observed socio-
demographic features

18. Using the aid of technology and through the
integration of disciplines like Computing and
Chemistry the present findings intends to deliver
a cost effective safe motherhood intervention app
for predicting BLL in pregnant women.

19. <5μg/dL
29% (n=59)
<5-10μg/dL
34% (n=69)
>10-15μg/dL
17% (n=34)
>15-20μg/dL
11% (n=21)
>20μg/dL
9% (n=17)
Frequency distribution of BLLs among children from
Lucknow, India (n=400) Study period: 2015-2016
37% children crossed the CDC intervention level of 10 μg/dL
BLL
Blood Lead Levels Among Children, Lucknow

20. <5 μg (24%) 5-10 μg (32%)
24%
32%
15
%
27%
n =
560
Blood Lead Levels Among Children, Aligarh

21. <10 g/dl(53%)
53%
46%
Hemoglobin Levels Among Children, Aligarh
n = 560

22. <10 μg (10%) 10-25 μg (60%)
>25 μg (30%)
n = 89
10%
60%
30
%
Blood Lead Levels Among Children, Karmalichak,
Patna

23. Interesting Cases..
12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 23

24. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 24
His Initial BLL was 186 ug/dl
Case:1

25. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 25
Recently his BLL was
more than 65 ug/dl
Father’s Earlier BLL was 92.4
ug/dl (08)
And last it was 53.3 ug/dl

26. 12/10/2020 Lucknow UP Referral Centre launch 26

27. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 27

28. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 28

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We got 11 blood samples of this patient
between 28.4.2012 to 19.1.2013.
His initial BLL was 26.9 µg/dl
and the last report was 36.1 µg/ml
His BLL varied between 15-50 µg/ml.
Case:2

30. 12/10/2020 UP Referral Centre, Lucknow 30