The document introduces virtualization and discusses its benefits including increased resource utilization and management efficiency. It defines key virtualization concepts like hypervisors and describes common virtualization software. Benefits of server, storage, and desktop virtualization are outlined. Considerations for virtualization projects include assessments, partnerships, infrastructure readiness, and training.

1. CIO Roundtable Introduction to Virtualization May 14, 2009 Jeff Reid

2. Virtualization Before Virtualization – IT Resources Model – Bind a given software application or service to a specific Operation System (OS) which had been developed to run on a particular hardware platform Virtualization – IT Resources Model – Decouple the components from the earlier model and make them available from a common resource pool Why Virtualize? – Resource utilization increases Management overhead is lessened (But still absolutely necessary) Capacity planning is called out as needing major attention Decreases costs through consolidation and containment (future costs) Promotes resource consolidation IT “green” by reducing power consumption etc. Automation (Examples) – Load Balancing and provide capacity on demand Template creation allows for new Virtual servers in 30 mins or less

3. Virtualization Terms Virtualization focus areas – Servers, storage, desktop, applications, and network Virtualization Model – VMs turn hardware into software instances which the Hypervisor then maps to the physical server, router, switch, or storage device. Hypervisor – Also called the virtualization layer. Special software/firmware component that performs mapping between virtual and physical resources Connection Broker – (Desktop Virtualization) – A software component that allows a user to connect to his or her virtual desktop – to the data and services associated with that user – in ways like thin client, existing desktop, laptop, and/or remote desktop protocol (RDP)

4. Virtualization offerings Some examples of Virtualization Software with my comments – VMWare – Widely considered to be the market leader with first to market functionality but also most costly (focus of this introduction) Microsoft Hyper V – Relatively new to the market. Currently offering zero percent financing on entire virtualization package including storage etc. Citrix Xen – Capitalizing on their previous thin client experience Virtual Iron – Estimated by one VAR to be half the price of VMWare and with a smaller feature set (Announcement from Oracle on 5/14/2008 on acquisition)

5. Virtualized Servers Break dependencies between OS and hardware Increases utilization and decreases operating costs by sharing server hardware resources across a large number of virtual machines. Treat data center as a single pool of server processing, storage and networking power Virtualized Storage (I used Compellent as the model – verify by supplier) Break dependencies between servers and storage Increases utilization and decreases operating costs by virtualizing all disks into one pool of storage, accessible by any server Provision storage for hundreds of virtual servers without wasted storage capacity Mix drive capacities and speeds within volumes Get servers and applications online faster Virtual Volumes Vol 2 Vol 1 Vol 3

6. Dynamically prioritize compute resources based on business needs Dynamic balancing of computing resources across resource pools Intelligent resource allocation based on pre-defined rules Add hardware dynamically to avoid over-provisioning to peak load Dynamically prioritize storage resources based on business needs Thin Provisioning and Automated Tiered Storage put storage resources where they are needed Additional drives add to capacity and performance Re-balancing is automatic and requires no planned outage VMware® Distributed Resource Scheduler Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 3 SATA Mid-Tier FC RAID 10 RAID 5-5 RAID 5-9 RAID 10 RAID 5-5 RAID 5-9 RAID 10 RAID 5-5 RAID 5-9 FC

7. Setup and Test DR Plan with no Downtime Live migration of virtual machines – no downtime Data is replicated at the file level Production site and DR site can use disparate server and storage hardware Implement Robust Disaster Recovery without the Cost or Complexity VMware® VMotion Easily replicate virtual machines - set-up in 6 clicks, validate online without downtime Customize transfer rates based on link speed, time and priority (Quality of Service or QOS) Only changed data blocks are replicated after initial synchronization Production site can employ disparate hardware and can be tested any time (Compellent to Compellent) Local 12:00 12:15 12:30 Remote 12:00 12:15 12:30 changes only data de-dupe Unused Allocation

8. Cost effective high availability for applications on virtual machines File-based snapshots can be mapped to any server for recovery Automatic restart of virtual machines (VM) in case of server failure Cost effective high availability for all applications No need for dedicated stand-by hardware Cost effective data protection and recovery Space efficient snapshots can be mapped to any server recovery More granular protection (additional recovery points) of VM images and data Rapid provisioning from golden images or base datasets Sales Network Drive 1.5 TB volume 11:45 11:50 11:55 12:00 1:00 1:05 1:10 1:15 Oracle 2TB volume Exchange 1.5 TB volume 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 VMware® High Availability (HA)

9. Server Consolidation Results with VMware BEFORE VMware AFTER VMware 1,000 Direct attach 3000 cables/ports 200 racks 400 power whips 80 Tiered SAN and NAS 400 cables/ports 10 racks 20 power whips VMware Servers Storage Network Facilities Servers Storage Network Facilities

10. Example: Server Consolidation Cost Savings Copyright © 2004 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. * Note: Savings include estimated cost of VMware licenses, Support and Subscription Servers 1000 80 $5.35M FC HBAs 500 160 $0.38M FC SAN Switches 22 8 $0.12M Network Switches 84 10 $0.18M Power (kWh) 407 52 $0.27M Cooling (kWh) 509 64 $0.42M Real Estate (Sq ft) 2053 257 $0.77M Total Savings (Over 3 years) $7.49M Without VMware With VMware SAVINGS

11. Instant Provisioning Build and configure hardware Load operating system Load configuration tools (Backup, Resource Kit, Monitoring, etc…) Assign 2 IP addresses Build 3 network connections, copper or fiber Turn over to applications team to re-load and re-configure software Test applications Coordinate outage/data migration Before After From 20–40 hrs to build a server and re-load application… … To 15–30 min to copy a virtual machine and restart 333 servers replaced per year = ~ 10,000 man/hrs saved ü

12. It is possible to run multiple desktop Operating Systems (Apple Mac OS and Microsoft Windows XP or Vista OS) on the same computing device Allows for a user’s own data and services to reside on a computer shared by other’s data and services Allows for centralized management and administration Advantages User’s client device becomes just an access device eliminating potentially sensitive data that could easily be comprised by loss or theft (think China) Virtual desktops will likely share server hardware with virtual servers, potentially resulting in 30-40 desktops being consolidated on a single piece of hardware Improved business agility with faster provisioning and user flexibility. Much quicker rollout of remote and overseas offices Desktop Virtualization

13. Cisco has started letting workers choose from a handful of laptops, including an Apple MacBook Pro. So far a pilot program By the end of next year Cisco plans to give everyone eligible a gadget allowance for a PC or laptop from an expanded list of devices. Cisco’s expectation Reduce costs associated with tracking and replacing lost hardware Employees become responsible for add-ons such as home broadband service or fees for hooking up to cellular data networks Employees choosing Macs are pretty much on their own for tech support (roughly a quarter of chosen devices in the pilot program) Desktop Virtualization Example

14. Desktop Virtualization Expected Benefits: Improved Software deployment and patching Desktop Security and compliance Refresh and lifecycle management process Reduced desktop maintenance and support costs Training labs, Engineering labs, Remote offices – immediate refresh Remote Location

15. A virtual management tool is required to manage the VM environment. VMWare’s is now called VCenter Get some of your staff certified. Currently the VMWare certification class is just under $4,000.00 and the test needs to be passed after the class VM’s whether servers, desktops, storage, routers, or switches each have their own CPU, memory, and power source. They are logically completely separated even though they share the same hardware One of the issues that needs consideration when you virtualize is that Information workers that operate in silos will need to work more closely together and the processes required will change and need to be tested and implemented for a successful virtualization experience Some general thoughts

16. Do an Assessment – (don’t forget datacenter infrastructure) - Like any project or effort understand what you are dealing with before you start. - What do you want to virtualize and in what order? Do you want to do Servers and storage first and together, followed by desktop, and where does network fit in? What are the current utilization baselines? There is a need to monitor and measure. The best candidates for virtualization are those that are significantly underutilized resources. One paper reported some utilization increased from 3% to 70% (their extreme case) reducing management cost, expenses, and eliminating the need to upgrade replaced hardware in future capital years Allow for cyclical changes. Did you take into account the cyclical Holiday load? This may not be an issue if you have everything working for dynamic allocations but consider it. Considerations for getting started

17. - Review your data backup and recovery processes to guard against performance issues or issues that will impede recovery when the virtualization changes are made. Take into account the new opportunities virtualization brings for back up and recovery Are you going to do this “in-house” or use partners? How are you going to evaluate the partners? HTTP:// www.vmware.com /calculator is the link for the vmware online ROI/TCO calculator Considerations for getting started

18. With Virtualization, Power consumption and Cooling requirements may be reduce overall, unfortunately there is the potential of Power and Cooling issues due to the change in footprint density. ‘ Rack power of 10 kW per rack or more can result from the deployment of high density information technology equipment such as blade servers. This creates difficult cooling challenges in a data center environment where the industry average rack power consumption is under 2 kW.’ APC Whitepaper #46 by Neil Rasmussen, CTO American Power Conversion Infrastructure Considerations Conventional or legacy datacenter infrastructure may not be sufficient at some point of deploying virtualization. The key is to understand the trigger points and have a plan to address them if and when they arise.

19. Power Considerations: Virtual Servers and Blade Servers increase the number of kilowatts per rack. Recommendation: Implement power monitoring by using either automated infrastructure tools or metered power distribution. Cooling considerations: Traditional raised floors may not provide adequate cold airflow to Blade Servers or larger servers configured for virtualization. Recommendation: Seek alternative/supplemental cooling methods, examples: specialized airflow devices, load spreading throughout the datacenter or revised cooling strategies/layouts Hot Air Removal: The more power that is consumed within a given density, the more heat is generated, thereby requiring improved heat removal and improved hot air/cold air isolation. Recommendation: Utilize available air removal techniques, examples include rack blanking panels, air removal units or hot aisle containment. Infrastructure Considerations Note: All infrastructure specialized vendors will have whitepapers on these specific subjects

20. There are compelling cost and energy savings reasons to virtualize some or all of a computing infrastructure resulting in significantly more efficient utilization of resources. Some of the things to be gained (In no specific order): Conserve energy and data center real estate Boost business continuity Serve high priority applications and users Service rollout can be much quicker than the traditional rollout. Easier management (still requires you to manage) Reduces unplanned downtime and even planned downtime Do an Assessment, choose a partner, plan carefully, begin with non-mission critical, prove it out, and then go Conclusion