1. Consolidation & Virtualization
Manuel Padilha and Nuno Afonso

2. Copyright©IBS2004
Agenda
• Server Consolidation
• Blades
– Blade Kinds
– Consolidation Steps
– System Management
– Case Studies
• VMware
– VMware Workstation, GSX e ESX
– VMware P2V
– VMware VirtualCenter
– VMware Future
– Case Studies

3. Server Consolidation

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Consolidation
Common problems:
 Growing number of Intel-based servers
 Difficult hardware management
 Hardware upgrade can be complicated
 Poor resource usage
 Hard to implement good Disaster Recovery policies
 Server migration is always complex

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Benefits of Server Consolidation
Server consolidation offers the following benefits:
 Lower TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)
 Boosts efficiency
 Allows higher service levels
 Makes infrastructure growth feasible
 Single point of control
 Reduces specific education needs
 Optimizes use of skilled resources

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Kinds of Consolidation
Server consolidation can be seen as a phased procedure,
with increasingly difficult steps:
 Local Centralization
 Physical Consolidation
 Information Integration
 Application Integration

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Server Consolidation

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Local Centralization
The easiest way to centralize is by concentrating all servers on a
single location.
After performing local centralization, all servers are managed by
the same IT staff, with the same tools.

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Physical Consolidation
Physical consolidation is the process by which small, entry-
level, servers are replaced by larger, high-end, servers,
within the same processor architecture.
Centralization is a pre-requisite for physical consolidation.

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Physical Consolidation: Virtual Machines
The concept of virtual machine (VM) was invented by IBM and
used on mainframes. According to this concept, there is a
virtualization layer that is executed directly on top of the physical
hardware, and virtual machines that are isolated and hardware-
independent are placed above.

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Information Integration
Information integration is the process of gathering information in
a single repository, under a unified schema.

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Application Integration
Application Integration can be achieved by providing multiple,
similar, applications on a single server.
It can also be the process by which an application is migrated to
a larger system. Example: 4 Lotus Domino Servers with 100
users can be migrated to a single, larger Domino with 500 users
capacity.

13. Blades

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What is a “Blade”?
• A “server in a card” – Each one has:
–Processor
–Ethernet ports
–Memory
–Optional storage
• The “BladeCenter” has:
–Redundant* KVM (Keyboard, Video,
Mouse)
–Redundant power supplies*
–Redundant fans*
–Redundant network and optical fibre*
–CD-ROM*
–Floppy disk*
–USB ports
IBM Blade – vista horizontal
IBM Blade – vista vertical
Chassis IBM BladeCenter - 7U
* Hot plug device

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BladeCenter HS20 – Intel Xeon DP Processors
• Intel Xeon DP Processors
– Up to 3.6Ghz-2MB cache, with 800Mhz Front Side Bus (some models
support Intel EM64T)
– Up to 8GB RAM Chipkill Third Generation
• Integrated Raid 1 for local IDE/SCSI disks
• Support for “Boot from SAN”
• Support for additional SAN FC 2Gbit expansion
• Two integrated Ethernet 10/100/1000
• Dedicated connection for systems management
• Serial over LAN
• Supported OS
– Windows 2000, 2003
– Red Hat and SUSE Linux
– VMWare ESX
– Novell Netware

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BladeCenter JS20 with POWER4 Chip
• Two PowerPC 970 2.2GHz processors (POWER4 Architecture)
• VMX Capability: Better performance on intensive computing
• Support for SuSE Linux, Red Hat e AIX
• Support for IBM Director and Cluster Systems Management
• Heterogeneous platform integrated in the same chassis

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• Uses same infrastructure
– Same chassis as HS20 e JS20
– Same options as HS20
– 4 integrated ethernet 10/100/1000 ports
– Up to 7 servers with 4 processors in 7U (4 with local SCSI
option)
– Up to 16GB RAM Chipkill Third Generation
– Support for “Boot from SAN”
• Intel Xeon MP Processors
– Up to 4 processors per server
– Intel Xeon MP Processors up to 3.0GHz 4MB L3 cache
• Typical applications
– Back end workloads (SQL Server, DB2, Oracle)
– Larger Mid-Tier Applications (Exchange, Notes, WebSphere)
– OS: Microsoft Windows, Linux and VMware
BladeCenter HS40 – 4 Intel Xeon MP Processors

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• Gigabit Ethernet Switches
– Portfolio of switches (IBM,Cisco,Nortel)
– Lower cost via Integration
– Functions range from Layer 2 thru Layer 7
• Fibre Channel Switches (2Gb FC Fabric)
– Portfolio of Switches (IBM, Brocade)
– Potentially lower cost via integration
– Full support of FC-SW-2 standards
• Power Subsystem
– Upgradeable as required
– Redundant and load balancing for high
availability
• Calibrated, Vectored Cooling™
– Highly fault tolerant
– Allow maximum processor speeds
• BladeCenter Management Modules
– Full remote video redirection
– Out-of-band / lights out systems management
– Concurrent Serial connectivity
BladeCenter Chassis

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Layer 2
Switches
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
Storage
Fibre
Switches
Storage
Fibre
Switches
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
Step 1
Consolidate Servers
Application
Servers
SAN
Layer 4-7
Switches
Public
Internet/
Intranet
Clients
Routers
(Layer 3
Switches)
Firewalls
Corporate Back Office
•Trade Processing
•Trade Settlements
•Clearing
•Fund Management
•Asset Custody
•Trust Management
•Statements/billing
•Accounting
•Lending
Enterprise data warehouse:
•Risk and market analysis
•sales and account monitoring
Credit Validation
•Product Development
•Company metrics and
Performance tracking
•Business intelligence
FM front office
Call Center
Self service
(kiosks, Internet
Trading, PDA)
B2B Partners
CRM

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Storage
Fibre
Switches
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
Step 2
Integrate First Layer
of the Network (L2)
Storage
Fibre
Switches
SAN
Layer 4-7
Switches
Public
Internet/
Intranet
Clients
Routers
(Layer 3
Switches)
Firewalls
Layer 2
Switches
Enterprise data warehouse:
•Risk and market analysis
•sales and account monitoring
Credit Validation
•Product Development
•Company metrics and
Performance tracking
•Business intelligence
FM front office
Call Center
Self service
(kiosks, Internet
Trading, PDA)
B2B Partners
CRM
Corporate Back Office
•Trade Processing
•Trade Settlements
•Clearing
•Fund Management
•Asset Custody
•Trust Management
•Statements/billing
•Accounting
•Lending

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Storage
Fibre
Switches
Storage
Fibre
Switches
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
Step 3
Integrate
Storage Fabric
Layer 4-7
Switches
Public
Internet/
Intranet
Clients
Routers
(Layer 3
Switches)
Firewalls
SAN
Enterprise data warehouse:
•Risk and market analysis
•sales and account monitoring
Credit Validation
•Product Development
•Company metrics and
Performance tracking
•Business intelligence
FM front office
Call Center
Self service
(kiosks, Internet
Trading, PDA)
B2B Partners
CRM
Corporate Back Office
•Trade Processing
•Trade Settlements
•Clearing
•Fund Management
•Asset Custody
•Trust Management
•Statements/billing
•Accounting
•Lending

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SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
Layer 4-7
Switches
Public
Internet/
Intranet
Clients
Routers
(Layer 3
Switches)
Firewalls
SAN
Step 4
Integrate Second Layer
of the Network (L4-7)
Enterprise data warehouse:
•Risk and market analysis
•sales and account monitoring
Credit Validation
•Product Development
•Company metrics and
Performance tracking
•Business intelligence
FM front office
Call Center
Self service
(kiosks, Internet
Trading, PDA)
B2B Partners
CRM
Corporate Back Office
•Trade Processing
•Trade Settlements
•Clearing
•Fund Management
•Asset Custody
•Trust Management
•Statements/billing
•Accounting
•Lending

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SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
SSL Appliances
Caching Appliances
Public
Internet/
Intranet
Clients
Routers
(Layer 3
Switches)
Firewalls
SAN
Step 5
Consolidate Applications
Enterprise data warehouse:
•Risk and market analysis
•sales and account monitoring
Credit Validation
•Product Development
•Company metrics and
Performance tracking
•Business intelligence
FM front office
Call Center
Self service
(kiosks, Internet
Trading, PDA)
B2B Partners
CRM
Corporate Back Office
•Trade Processing
•Trade Settlements
•Clearing
•Fund Management
•Asset Custody
•Trust Management
•Statements/billing
•Accounting
•Lending

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Public
Internet/
Intranet
Clients
Routers
(Layer 3
Switches)
Firewalls
SAN
Result
BladeCenter Collapses
Complexity
Enterprise data warehouse:
•Risk and market analysis
•sales and account monitoring
Credit Validation
•Product Development
•Company metrics and
Performance tracking
•Business intelligence
FM front office
Call Center
Self service
(kiosks, Internet
Trading, PDA)
B2B Partners
CRM
Corporate Back Office
•Trade Processing
•Trade Settlements
•Clearing
•Fund Management
•Asset Custody
•Trust Management
•Statements/billing
•Accounting
•Lending

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BladeCenter: System Management
Remote Targets
RDM Image Library
Deployment
Preconfigured "Donor"
system
Image Capture
• Native hardware management
(Web based)
• Firmware update
• Remote control
• IBM Director 4.2
• Powerful management tools
(Capacity manager, System
availability, Event action
plans, etc.)
• Remote Deployment Manager
• Create, maintain and
deploy images from a single
drag and drop user interface

26. Blades - Case Studies

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One BladeCenter with:
• 5 Blades with 2
Processors, 4 GB RAM and
2 SCSI HDD (Raid 1) each
• Windows 2000 Server
• Citrix MetaFrame XPe 1.0
• 500 Remote Users
(customer information redacted)

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Three BladeCenters with:
• 42 Blades with 2
Processors and 4 GB RAM
each
• Boot from SAN
• Windows 2000/2003
Server
• E-Banking
• Web Servers
• 1 Enterprise Storage
Server with 15TB
(customer information redacted)

29. VMware
Workstation, GSX e ESX

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Benefits of Virtual Machines
• Compatibility
– Operating system “sees” a standard Intel x86 environment
• Isolation
– The state of a virtual machine does not affect the state of others
– OS, registry, applications and files of each VM are fully separated
• Encapsulation
– One virtual machine is made of only a small set of files
• Hardware Independence
– Virtual hardware can be configured the same way, independently of
the differences in underlying hardware

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Why use Virtual Machines?
• Free operating systems and applications of physical hardware
– Hardware maintenance is easier to perform
– Hardware upgrades and replacements require no reconfiguration
– New Disaster Recovery options
• An image of the Virtual Machine can be easily created
– Configure OS and applications once and clone many
– Backup of a VM requires the backup of only a small set of files
• Several VMs can run on the same physical hardware
– Better resource usage

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VMware Products
Desktop
Server
VMware Workstation
• Productivity Tool
• Best suited for
programmers
• Performance 70-
90% of native
VMware GSX Server
• Server consolidation
for departments
• Remote
Management
• Performance 70-
90% of native
VMware ESX Server
• Server consolidation for the Data Center
• High Performance and Scalability
• Advanced Resource Management
• Remote Management
• Performance 83-98% of native

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VMware Products Architecture
• Hosted (Workstation, GSX
Server)
– Maximum device
compatibility
– Installs like an application
– Lower price
• Native (ESX Server)
– Maximum performance
– Less overheads
– Dynamic resource
management
– Virtual SMP
x86 hardware
Windows/Linux
Workstation/
GSX Server
x86 hardware
VM VM
VMkernel
VM VM
Service
Console

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(Up to 2 CD-ROMs)
1-4 ports 1-4 ports
1-4 adapters 1-2 drives
Up to 3.6GB RAM
1 CPU
(2 CPUs with VMware SMP)
Virtual Machine Contents

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• Minimum Rate
• Maximum Rate
• Share Allocation
• Virtual SMP
• CPU Load Balancing
• Processor Affinity
• Hyperthreading
• Minimum Size
• Maximum Size
• Share Allocation
• Dynamic Allocation
• Memory Overcommitment
• Memory Sharing
• Traffic Shaping
• NIC Teaming
• Share Allocation
VMs Resource Optimization Tools

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Proportional Shares: static example
• 3 active VMs
– 300 shares VM A
– 200 shares VM B
– 100 shares VM C
– 600 shares total
• Rights = fraction of shares
– 50% VM A (300 / 600)
– 33% VM B (200 / 600)
– 17% VM C (100 / 600)
• Relative allocations
• Guaranteed minimums
VM C
17%
VM A
50%
VM B
33%

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Proportional Shares: dynamic example
• Changing VM shares
Dynamic reallocation
• New VM
Graceful degradation
• Shutdown VM
Remaining VMs explore available
resources

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Clustering
• Cluster in a
box
• Cluster
across boxes
• Cluster
between
physical and
virtual

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SAN
• Boot from SAN
• Multipathing with
HBA Failover
• Multipathing with
Storage Port
Failover
• Clustering
Support (Raw
Device
Mappings)

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SAN Disaster Recovery

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Hardware
• IBM BladeCenter
• IBM xSeries 235
• IBM xSeries 255
• IBM xSeries 330
• IBM xSeries 335
• IBM xSeries 336
• IBM xSeries 345
• IBM xSeries 360
• IBM xSeries 365
• IBM xSeries 440
• IBM xSeries 445

42. VMware P2V

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VMware P2V

44. VMware VirtualCenter

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VMware VirtualCenter
 Single Management
Console
 Easy creation of servers
 Virtual Machine Dashboard
 VMotion enabled
 Secure Management

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VMware VMotion
VMotion: virtual machines can be moved from one ESX
server to another without downtime

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VMware VMotion & Server Upgrades

48. VMware Future

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VMware Future
• 4 Processors SMP (last quarter 2005)
• Policy-based automatic VMotion (VC plug-in)
• Autonomic Computing
• Server farms

50. VMware - Case Studies

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One BladeCenter with:
• 5 Blades with 2
Processors, 4 GB RAM and
2 SCSI HDD (Raid 1) each
• 4 with VMware ESX (12
Virtual Machines)
• 1 with Windows 2000
(Backup and Systems
Management)
• 1 IBM FastT600 with 1TB
(customer information redacted)

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• 6 IBM xSeries 445 with 8
processors, 16GB RAM and 2 SCSI
HDD (Raid 1) each
• 2 IBM xSeries 440 with 8
processors, 16GB RAM and 2 SCSI
HDD (Raid 1) each
• All have VMware ESX
• 126 Virtual Machines with Windows
2000/2003 and Linux
• SQL, Domino, Print Server, File
Server, etc.
• 1 Enterprise Storage Server with
15TB
(customer information redacted)

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i5 Model 550 (4 Processors, 28Gb of Memory, 12.000CPW – 6
Partitions V5R3)
(customer information redacted)

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(customer information redacted)

55. Questions
?
(Consolidate! Only one question
please :)