Cinema-in-the-Philippine-setting.pptx

Cinema in the Philippine setting
ANNALIZA B. JARDIN

Agenda
Introduction
1. Define Cinema in the Philippine
setting
2. Identify the cinematic genre of
Cinema in Philippine setting
Summary
Presentation title 2

Introduction
The Cinema of the Philippines (Filipino: Pelikulang Pilipino or Sine Pilipino)
began with the introduction of the first moving pictures to the country on
August 31, 1897, at the Salón de Pertierra in Manila. The following year, local
scenes were shot on film for the first time by a Spaniard, Antonio Ramos,
using the Lumiere Cinematograph.[5] While most
early filmmakers and producers in the country were mostly wealthy
enterprising foreigners and expatriates, on September 12, 1919, Dalagang
Bukid (Country Maiden), a movie based on a popular musical play, was the
first movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José
Nepomuceno.[6] Dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Cinema," his work
marked the start of cinema as an art form in the Philippines.

The "Father of
Philippine
Cinema,"

Early Years(1897-1900)
The first movies in the Philippines were shown during the height of the
Filipinos' revolution against the Spaniards. On August 31, 1897, two Swiss
businessmen, Messrs. Leibman and Peritz opened a movie house at No.31
Escolta in Manila. They called it Cinematografo which later was shortened into
"cine"-a term now generally referred to as movies. The movie strips shown
were actually documentary sceneries like The Czar's Carriage Passing Place la
Concorde, Snow Games,Card Players, A Train's Arrival, and An Arabian Cortege.
These films were shown using the patent film projector of the famous Lumiere
brothers.

THE FIRST PHILIPPINE MOVIES
It appears that the very first film produced in the Philippines was La Vida de
Rizal, a film adapted from a stage play of the same name written by Dr. Meyer
Gross. The film was produced by an American named Mr. H. Brown, owner of
the Gaiety Theater. An admirer of Rizal, Brown knew that producing the film will
not only glorify the hero, it will also be hugely profitable, as Rizal at that time
was almost considered a god to the Filipinos. Together, Brown and Gross shelled
out the needed capital to shoot the movie. The dramatic zarzuela troupe
Molina-Benito Company was hired to act out the various actors and actresses in
the movie. Don Honorio Lopez, the writer and author of Kalendariong Tagalog,
was chosen to play the Rizal role. The movie was scheduled to be shown in
Zorilla Theater on August 24, 1912.

THE FIRST FILIPINO
FILM PRODUCERS
The very first Filipinos filmmakers were Jose Nepomuceno, Vicente Salumbides, Julian Manansala, and Carmen
Concha. Later producers include the Silos brothers (Juan, Manuel, Cesar, Octavio), Carlos Vander Tolosa, Jose
Domingo Badilla and Rafael Fernandez.
Jose Nepomuceno is widely considered as the Father of Filipino Cinematography, long before the art of film-
making was firmly established in the Philippine Islands.
One of the best photographers in Manila in the early 20th century, Nepomuceno owned the Electro-Photo Studio
Parhelio in Plaza Goiti (now Plaza Lacson). He eventually sold his photography equipment and studio to
concentrate on making movies. As a cinematographer, Nepomuceno shot various newsreels and documentaries
produced by his own production company, Malayan Movies(1917). His films were shown in many Manila theaters
at that time. In 1919, Nepomuceno produced and directed Dalagang Bukid, the first ever Filipino-made movie.
Based on the zarzuela play by Hermogenes Ilagan, Dalagang Bukid starred Honorata Atang dela Rama in the title
role. Nepomuceno's other later movies include La Venganza de Don Silvestre (1920), La Mariposa Negra(1920), El
Capullo Marchito (1921), and Hoy o Nunca, Besame(1923). In 1930, Nepomuceno produced his masterpiece, Noli
Me Tangere, considered one of the greatest films in Philippine cinema history.

Cinematic genre of Cinema in Philippine
setting

Pre-war Cinema (1900-1941)
In 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States through the Treaty of Paris. The United States'
colonizing forces had to endure three more years battling the Filipino revolutionists before establishing a
stronghold in the Philippine Islands.
The "cine" also started to re-operate in 1900, this time under a British businessman named Walgrah. He
established Cine Walgrah located at No.60 Calle Santa Rosa, Intramuros.
In 1901, another movie house was established in Manila, this time in Quiapo. It was called Gran Cinematografo
Parisien, owned by a Spanish businessman Samuel Rebarber. It was located at No.80 Calle Crespo.
The Cine Walgrah and the Gran Cinematografo Pariesien competed with each other, and each tried showing
interesting documentary newsreels (as story movies had not yet been produced at that time). For example, in
1901, Cine Walgrah showed the Coronation of Edward VII and to counter it, Gran Parisien showed The
Assassination of President McKinley. It is interesting to note that movies then were just that: "moving pictures".
They were called silent movies because of the absence of sound. There was, however, a pianist hidden from the
viewers who played music in congruence with the action in the films.

THE TALKIES
The arrival of sound in movies was heralded by the Hollywood movie "Jazz Singer" in 1927.
Producers were eager to use the new technology to attract more moviegoers. Some were not
so eager, such as the great actor Charlie Chaplin, who even satirized talking movies with his
1931 film "City Lights". However, the era of the silent cinema is already passing. In the
Philippines, the sound technology arrived in 1929. The very first Filipino film to use sound
technology was Ang Asuwang, a movie starring comedienne Patring Carvajal, and produced by
George Musser of Talkatone. In 1932, Jose Nepomuceno produced Punyal na Ginto, a movie
based on the novel by Antonio Sempio. It was the very first Filipino-produced sound movie
made in the Philippines. Interestingly, though, the movie was partially silent and partially with
sound, as Nepomuceno just experimented with sound in the later part of the movie.

Peace Time Cinema (1930-1941)
The popularity of movies with the Filipinos reflected the Filipino character of being a happy and gay people. Early
on, movies were made entirely with the story as the main attraction. Filipinos began to see movies of Noli Me
Tangere, El Filibusterismo, or of other popular zarzuelas of their time. The success of Jose Nepomuceno led other
Filipinos directors follow his path. Some of them were the young Lamberto Avellana and Gerardo de Leon.
The arrival of the star-studio system in the 1930s saw the emergence of the movies stars as main attraction to
the movies. Among the popular Filipino actors during the early 1930s were Mary Walter, Rosa del Rosario, Rosita
Rivera, Rogelio dela Rosa, Rosa Aguirre, Carmen Rosales, Gregorio Fernandez, Alma Bella, Leopoldo Salcedo, Ely
Ramos, Fernando Poe, Corazon Noble, Elsa Oria, Norma Blancaflor and Paquito Villa.
Philippine pre-war cinema consisted of imported Hollywood movies and locally produced movies. Even at that
time, Filipino producers were already competing for their share of the movie market. At that time, however, the
Philippine-produced movies were also very popular because of the Tagalog language used in the movies.

The Golden Age of Philippine
Cinema(1950s-60s)

• The era of the 50s and the early 60s is generally considered the Golden Age of
Philippine Cinema. It was at this time that the studio system reached its peak with the
emergence of the "Big Three" film studios, Sampaguita, Premiere, and LVN. Although
other studios existed, such as Lebran, Filippine, Everlasting, and Royal Productions,
only the big three truly dominated movie-production in the Philippines. LVN,
Premiere, and Sampaguita each had contract stars of their own, not unlike the big
Hollywood studios of that era like MGM, RKO, and 20th Century Fox.
• Some of the big names in Philippine movies at this time were carry-overs from the
Pre-war cinema years, interrupted in their careers by the Japanese occupation. They
were Carmen Rosales, Leopoldo Salcedo, Rogelio dela Rosa, Rosa del Rosario, Oscar
Moreno, Rosa Aguirre, Manuel Conde, Mila del Sol, Arsenia Francisco, Norma
Blancaflor, and Jose Padilla, Jr.
• The fifties also gave way to new-comers destined to become big movie stars of the
decade: Pancho Magalona, Tita Duran, Gloria Romero, Ric Rodrigo, Rita Gomez,
Nestor de Villa, Nida Blanca, Mario Montenegro, Armando Goyena, Efren Reyes, Leroy
Salvador, Dolphy, Jaime dela Rosa(Rogelio's younger brother), Ramon Revilla, Horacio
Morelos, Fred Montilla, Eddie Arenas, Alicia Vergel, Cesar Ramirez, Leila Morena,
Anita Linda, Van de Leon, Luis Gonzales, and Rosa Rosal.

• Some of the most popular movies adapted from komiks
were: Hagibis, Sawa sa Lumang
Simboryo, Salabusab, Malvarosa, Darna, Roberta, Darna at
Ang Babaing Lawin, Dyesebel, Bondying, Kenkoy, El
Indio, Gorio at Tekla, and many others.
• Adventure, fantasy, tearjerkers, slapstick comedy, drama-
comedy (so-called dramedy), musicals, westerns, were the
variety of genre that became very popular with the Filipino
audience of the 1950s.
• The influence of Hollywood was still strong, proven by the
fact that many of the standards in Hollywood filmmaking
were being adapted by Filipino directors.

The Sixties
As the Golden Age of Philippine cinema was drawing to a close, the sixties decade was
beginning in earnest.
The early sixties saw further enhancement in sound and color technique, but generally,
the decade saw the decline of the great studios of the fifties. Premiere did fewer and
fewer movie productions (although it ventured in international co-productions). LVN
closed shop in 1961 and instead founded a new studio, Dalisay Pictures. Dona Narcisa
"Sisang" vda. de Leon, the grand matriarch of LVN died and LVN was never the same
again. Eventually, the contract movie stars of Premiere and LVN had to go free-lanced as
the studios could no longer maintain their high contract fees. Sampaguita Pictures,
however, still continued to thrive in the sixties, thanks to the able management of its
owner, Dr. Jose Perez. It was still able to make movies until Dr. Perez' death in 1975.

The Seventies
•EARLY YEARS
The early years of the seventies were marked by the emergence of
the social protest films, the Bomba, and on a lighter side, Karate films.
The seventies also saw the emergence of a new batch of talented
directors that would take the level of protest in the movie screens.
Directors such as Lino Brocka, Ishmael Bernal, Mike de Leon, would
make their mark on this decade as the three greatest Filipino
directors of the new generation.

BOMBA MOVIES
The emergence of Bomba movies was preceded by the Bomba Komiks phenomenon. Indeed, Bomba movies
wwere influenced by the Bomba Komiks. Prior to the emergence of Bomba Komiks and Bomba Movies, Bomba
meant literally "bomb explosion", or in politics, something that exposed a corrupt practice.
The emergence of the Bomba Komiks in late 1960s led some independent film producers to market
pornographic films. The Bomba movie was either softporn or hardcore. Either of them drew large audiences in
many Manila theaters especially in the Quiapo and Sta. Cruz area. Apparently, the very first Filipino Bomba film
was Uhawin 1970 starring Merle Fernandez.
It was something new, and something fascinating, as the moviegoers see for the first time sex on the big screen
portrayed by such lovely nymphets as Merle Fernandez, Rossana Ortiz, Ryzza and Yvonne.
It was surprising that President Marcos tolerated the Bomba movies of the early 1970s. The liberalization of
censorship made Bomba producers to make more "bolder' movies. Sociologists speculated that the government
allowed these porno films to divert the masses from the economic problems of the day, and ease tensions in
politics. Indeed, the period of the Bomba movies, somehow coincided with the rise in student activism, the
bombing of Plaza Miranda, and the rising tensions in the political scene.

THE MARTIAL LAW YEARS
President Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, and the Bomba films was suppressed, only to resurfaced a year later as
"teasing" films, with the likes of Gloria Diaz, Chanda Romero, Amy Austria, Vivian Velez, Elizabeth Oropesa, Pilar
Pilapil portraying sexy roles.
The popular "wet look" image of "no bra" -was started by Gloria Diaz in the movie Ang Pinakamagandang Hayop sa Balat ng
Lupa.
•ACTION-DOMINATED CINEMA
The seventies marked the ascendancy of the action film as the most successful genre in Philippine cinema with Fernando Poe,
Jr., Ramon Revilla and Joseph Estrada leading the fray.
•KARATE MOVIES
The seventies also saw the popularity of the "Karate" and "Kung Fu" movies. Only one man was responsible for this
popularity, Hongkong superstar Bruce Lee. The legendary Bruce Lee rose like a bright shining star that dimmed even the great
Hollywood actors of the 1970s. His death in 1973 was followed by a cult worship that reached even the Philippines.
Everywere, imitators of Bruce Lee abound. And it was no different in the Philippines. Filipino actors like Ramon Zamora,
Roberto Gonzales, and Rey Malonzo capitalized on the popularity of "Karate" and "Kung Fu" movies. Although most of their
films were on the class of "B" movies ("B"adly edited, "B"ad sounds, "B"ad cinematography, "B"adly written), they
nevertheless became box-office successes.

Filipino Chop Chop Films
Many popular films in the 1990s were grisly dramas, based on real crimes, called "chop chop" films. One of the
most famous "cho chop" films— “The Vizconde Massacre: God Help Us”—starred Aquino, the daughter of
former president Cory Aquino and sister of present president Benigno Acquino III. It was based on the true
story of 47-year-old woman and her two daughters, who were raped and stabbed to death by gang of drugged
youths lead by Hubert Webb, the 29-year-old son of an influential senator. Charges against Webb were
dropped when the senator produced documents that stated his son was abroad at the time of the murder, but
later a young businesswoman confessed that she was with the men on the night of the murders. A servant for
the Senator later said she washed the son's clothing. The son and seven friends were charged with multiple
murders but the senator was not charged. Another popular movie was a thinly-veiled rip-off of the Lorena
Bobbit story called "Loretta: The Woman Who Cut Off Happiness.” Kris Aquino reportedly turned down the roll
after told her mother in no uncertain terms to do so.

Filipino Chop Chop Films
In another chop chop film— “The Lipa Massacre: God Save the Babies!”— Vilma Santos
portrayed Mrs. Helen Arandia, wife of an Overseas Filipino Worker in Saudi Arabia. The
Star for All Seasons starred with John Regala, Joel Torre, and then-child actors Charina
Scott and Angelica Panganiban in this 1994 movie. While boarding a plane back to the
Philippines, Mr. Ronald Arandia (played by Joel Torre) was shocked when he saw his
murdered family on a newspaper's front page. The killer (John Regala) visited Mrs.
Arandia at their home in Lipa City, Batangas, and brutally murdered her and her two
daughters, aged 8 and 6. The film directed by Carlo Caparas won Best Picture and Best
Director at the 43rd Famas Awards (1994).

Blood Island Films and Filipino Horror, Sci-Fi
Films from the 1960s and 70s
There were a a number of schlocky horror and science fiction films that came out of the Philippines in the late
60 and 70s. Filipino director Eddie Romero made several of them with American teen idol John Ashley, who died
young having a fatal heart attack on the streets of New York City in a car. According to filmscoremonthly.com:
“They called it the blood series. Hemisphere release these films and made good money on them. “Brides of
Blood” (1967-68) was the first in the John Ashley series of movies and the first he made in the Philippines. It was
was a hit for hemisphere pics, so they made more. John who was a real cool nice guy made seven films in the
Phillipines from 1967 to 1973, all genre films— “Mad Doctor of Blood Island (1969), “Beast of Blood” (1970),
“Beast of Yellow Night” (1971), “The Twilight People” (1972), “Beyond Atlantis” (1973) and the Woman Hunt
(1973). [Source: filmscoremonthly.com]
Blood Island Films refers to a series of low-budget films made in late 1960's and early 1970's in the Philippines
as co-productions with the US.According to “unseenfilms.blogspot”: The Blood Island films are a loose collection
of films that all take place on a place called Blood Island. The money men at Independant International up the
ante by adding blood to the title of several other films so what is really three or four films in a series expands to
six or seven. The three core films are Brides of Blood, Mad Doctor of Blood Island and Beast of Blood. [Source:
unseenfilms.blogspot.jp ]

“The series unofficially started with Terror is a Man, a 1959 version of the Island of Dr Moreau.
Its a neat little film about a made scientist turning people into animals and vice versa. Its
important to the series only in that it names the place . The next film is a strange vampire film
called The Blood Drinkers. which is an odd mix of black and white that was colored and color
film. It concerns a vampire trying to find a heart transplant for his lover. Its actualy a very good.
Its much better than the dopey title suggests.
“For the most part the series is a great deal of schlocky fun with Brides, Mad Doctor and Beast
all worth the time to see (especially with a bowl of popcorn and a soda.) If you want a great
night on the couch seeing films that might have played the drive in or grindhouses in the early
and mid 1970's see these films. All are out on DVD. The best news is that Alpha Video, aka
Oldies.com has appears to have re-released the Image release at a fraction of the cost, about 5
bucks a DVD. They come with trailers and super commentaries from Sam Sherman of

Filipino Horror Films from the 2000s
The Road is a 2011 Philippine psychological horror film directed by Yam Laranas, whose other horror film Sigaw
(Shout or Scream) was remade and released as The Echo in 2008. The Road was also released internationally in
Belgium, North America, and Singapore. The movie was written and directed by Yam Laranas. It starred Carmina
Villaroel, Marvin Agustin, Rhian Ramos, TJ Trinidad and many more. The movie started with decorated cop Luis
(played by TJ Trinidad) being given a medal by the chief of police who didn’t seem too pleased with the former’s
way of solving cases. After the ceremony, there was a woman who approached the police chief about the
unsolved case of her missing daughters who have been missing for 12 years. Luis seemed interested and asked
for the names of the daughters. He also asked a colleague to retrieve the missing persons file. From here you get
to sympathize with Luis as you believe him to be one of the good guys. Enter another part of the story where you
have three teenagers, Ella, her cousin Janine, and Janine’s boyfriend Brian. Ella didn’t seem to approve of the
latter’s relationship with her cousin. Ella agreed to accompany Janine and Brian in going for a ride as Janine
needed to practise before her driving test. This part is when the scary stuff in the movie start to happen. The
night ended horribly for the teens who were reported missing. Ella’s father is a comrade of the chief of police
who then ordered an immediate investigation with decorated cop Luis at the helm. Watch the rest of the movie
as it really makes you want to know more about what happens next.

“Pamahiin” (translates Superstition in English) is a 2006 Filipino horror film written and directed by Rahyan
Carlos (co-writer Andrew Paredes). In the film are different superstitious beliefs that Filipinos have about death.
It starred Dennis Trillo, Paolo Contis, Marian Rivera, and Iya Villania. The movie started with Noah (played by
Dennis Trillo) as a kid. He was shown attending a funeral and got the scare of his life when he was left alone with
the dead. Then it fast forwarded to the future. Apparently, Noah grew up in the US. He returned to his
hometown with his girlfriend Eileen (played by Iya Villania) and his aunt to visit the wake of his childhood friend,
Damian (played by Paolo Contis). The latter committed suicide but circumstances surrounding his death were
rather vague. The movie incorporated a lot of superstitious beliefs Filipinos have about death, such as not going
straight home after attending the funeral, staying away from black cats, and many more. Eileen, Noah’s
girlfriend, apparently has the third eye and could see spirits of the dead who were trying to send her messages.
There are lots of scary scenes that make you jump in these parts. The movie slowly unfolds and you eventually
get to understand more about the sightings.

“Ouija” is an award-winning 2007 Filipino horror-thriller film by director Topel Lee. It was written by Adloy Adlawan and
starred Jolina Magdangal, Iza Calzado, Rhian Ramos and Judy Ann Santos. The movie started with a flashback. Some kids
playing with an ouija board summoned an evil entity. Thankfully, their grandmother who is knowledgeable in the old ways
was able to avert the situation. The ouija board was then kept away and sealed. Fast forward to the future, Romina
(played by Jolina Magdangal) grew up to be a barrio lass, while Aileen (played by Judy Ann Santos) relocated to the city.
They got together when their grandmother passed away. Aileen went home with their first cousins Sandra (played by Iza
Calzado) and Ruth (played by Rhian Ramos). They also brought along Sandra’s friend Lucy (played by Desiree del Valle).
The girls found the old ouija board amongst the things left by the grandmother and decided to try it. Something went
wrong with the ritual and the ouija board was burnt by accident. Unfortunately, it brought about some evil and
murderous entity around them. The scary parts start and there are a number of killings. The girls raced against time to
identify and release the spirits that haunted them. : This is one scary movie. The horror scenes really make your hair stand
on end. The actors are fantastic too. The story is intriguing till the end. It even had a surprise ending. It’s no wonder the
film received a lot of nominations. Don’t pass this up if you want to watch a Filipino horror movie. I’ll give it a 5 out of 5
star rating.

Apocalypse Now and Shooting It in the
Philippines
Films about the Vietnam War that have been shot in the Philippines include “Apocalypse
Now”, “Platoon” and “Missing in Action”.
“Apocalypse Now”, shot around Pagsanjan and other locations in the Philippines, is
regarded the classic Vietnam War film despite its flaws. Directed by Francis Ford Coppola,
the director of the Godfather, and based on Joseph Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”, it is about
a young army intelligence officer, Captain Willard (Martin Sheen), who is sent on a mission
to find and “terminate with extreme prejudice” the renegade Colonel Walter Kurtz (Marlon
Brando) who had established himself as the leader of a army of Montagnard headhunters in
Cambodia. A rough cut of the film took the top award at Cannes in 1979. Many critics
panned the film when it came out.

Da Vinci Code Film Banned in the
Philippines
In 2006, the film “Da Vinci Code” was banned in the Philippines. Associated Press reported: “In the Philippines
- with Asia's biggest Christian population - the Manila City Council passed a resolution banning the movie,
effective Friday. The movie "is undoubtedly offensive and contrary to established religious beliefs which
cannot take precedence over the right of the persons involved in the film to freedom of expression," the
resolution said.
In a letter to The Phillippines' chief censor, a Roman Catholic archbishop says, "In the name of many like you
who love and revere the Son of God made Man, I strongly appeal to you that the showing of the film (The) Da
Vinci Code be banned throughout our land." President Gloria Macapagal Arroya's executive secretary
Eduardo Ermita, who claims to be a 'devout Catholic', says, "I think we should do everything not to allow it to
be shown." President Arroya said, "It's something that we should not be talking about. We might get struck by
lightning."

Thank you
ANNALIZA B. JARDIN
ENGLISH INSTRUCTOR

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