The document discusses child labour, defining it as the illegal employment of children under unhygienic and dangerous conditions that deprives them of education and a childhood. It began during the Industrial Revolution to provide cheap labour but has severe short and long-term effects on children's development. Despite laws against it, poverty, lack of access to education, and cultural factors continue to contribute to millions of child labourers worldwide, including over 12 million in Pakistan alone, many involved in hazardous work, debt bondage, or trafficking. Eliminating child labour requires addressing its root causes through education, employment opportunities, poverty alleviation, and stronger law enforcement.

1. CHILD LABOUR
➢ One of the most serious concerns in the developing
countries
➢ One of the biggest roadblock to human rights
worldwide

2. What is Child Labour?
■ Illegal employment of
children in industries,
factories or any workplace
under unhygienic and
disastrous conditions
■ Engagement of children in
any activity that hinders their
education
■ Keeps them deprive of
CHILDHOOD and
EDUCATION
■ Affect children's physical and
mental development

3. When did Child Labour took birth?
■ 18th century
■ Began simultaneously with Industrial Revolution
■ Fruitful for the factory owners
■ Low wages, long working hours (15-20 hours), no
recess or breaks, appalling working conditions
■ Children sleep on floor while working, health issues,
frequent injuries, diseases

5. Causes of Child Labour
■ Poverty
■ Illiteracy
■ Population growth
■ Cultural causes (women education)
■ Unemployment levels are high

6. ■Lack of educational institutions
■No free and compulsory education
■Inadequate laws enforcement
■Violation of existing laws
■Growth of informal economy (lack of modern
technology)

7. Effects of Child Labour
■ Deprive of even basic education
■ Childhood is stolen
■ Mental trauma (mates, lack ability to shield themselves from
challenges)
■ Long term health problems
➢ Respiratory diseases
➢ Asbestosis
➢ Variety of cancers
■ Hindrance to the country’s economic development

8. Child Labour in
Pakistan

9. Statistics
■ 197.8-207.77 million total population of Pakistan (2017)
■ 12.5-19 million children in Pakistan are involved in Child
Labour (2016)
■ Pakistan ranks number three in the world with the highest
prevalence of child and forced labour (2016)

11. Worst forms of Child Labour
according to ILO

12. Child Slavery

13. Child Trafficking

14. Debt Bondage
(Bonded Labour)

15. Serfdom

16. Forced Labour

17. Child Abuse

18. Involvement of children in illicit activities

19. Consequences of Child Labour
■ Children who work fail to get necessary education
■ Do not get the opportunity to develop physically,
intellectually, emotionally and psychologically
■ Not ready to do monotonous work
■ Less working power, exhaust more quickly than
adults
■ Reduces physical conditions
■ Vulnerable to diseases
■ Children who work will remain illiterate which
limits their ability to contribute to their own well
being as well as the community they live in

20. Pakistan’s Constitutional Provisions
■ Article 3: the state shall ensure the elimination of all forms of
exploitation and the gradual fulfilment of fundamental principle, from
each according to his ability and to each according to his work.
■ Article 11(3): No child below the age of 14 years shall be engaged
in any factory or mine or any other hazardous employment.
■ Article 25(A): The state shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in
such manner as determined by law.
■ Article 37(e): The state shall make provision for securing just
and humane conditions of work, ensuring that women and
children are not employed in vocations unsuited to their age
or sex, and for maternity benefits for women in employment.

21. Facts
■ More than 200 million children today are child labourers. An
estimated 120 million are engaged in hazardous work.
■ 73 million of these children are below 10 years old
■ 20 million child workers are employed in factories
■ Children in armed conflict has risen to 300,000 over the past
decade
■ Some 11 million children, aged four to fourteen, keep the
country’s factories operating, often working in brutal conditions
■ In Pakistan children of age 5-14 are above 40 million, 3.8/40
are working
■ 50% of these economically active children are in age group of 5-
9 years

22. How to eliminate Child Labour?
■ Society has to come forward and shoulder its responsibilities
■ Introduce small credit schemes to help people start their own
business in rural areas
■ Education for all especially for women
■ Government schools in every Katchi Abadi in Pakistan
■ Free and compulsory education
■ Strict laws enforcement
■ Harsh punishments for those who violate laws
■ Educational institutions
■ Modern technology in industries and factories
■ Creating demand for skilled labour
■ Government policies to employ skilled labour
■ Awareness to educate society about the adverse impacts

23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVZy236vzvg&t=175s