This document provides an assessment for a history course on the Industrial Revolution. Students are asked to write a 700-word response analyzing the relationship between innovation and revolution. They are instructed to include two paragraphs, one discussing how innovation and revolution are linked and another about their differences. The document explains that innovation is the process of introducing new methods or ideas that bring significant societal changes, while revolution is a rapid, fundamental change in political power or social structure. It gives examples of how during the Industrial Revolution, technological innovations like the factory system led to social, economic, and political upheaval, constituting a revolution. Revolutions can also spur innovation, as governments may pass reforms in response to public demands for change.

1. Individuals and Societies - History
Industrial Revolution
Activity: Review
Assessment: ‘Analyse the relationship between innovation and revolution.’
To answer this question, you will need to review the content, ideas, and concepts
covered in this chapter thus far. You will need to write a responsethat is around 700
words and includes two paragraphs, one suggesting how innovation and revolution
may be linked and other about the differences between two.
… You will need to consider how these two factors work together, how innovation
may foster revolution and how revolutions can lead to innovations. You should also
consider the idea that innovations maynot lead to revolutions.
Innovation is a process of innovating or introducing new methods or ideas,
customs and rites that bring significant changes in the society at a wider level. A
revolution is a fundamental change that takes place in a short period of time when
the population rises up in revolt against the current authorities. It is basically a
change in political power or organizational structures of a society.
Revolution is often a change in politics and innovation is modernization.
Innovation is synonymous with revolution. Innovations bring revolution. For
instance, during the industrial revolution, there were many technical innovations that
lead to the development of factory system and brought many social, political,
economic and cultural changes. The middle class developed, some people became
wealthy whereas, some had to suffer from appalling living and working conditions.
Advancement of agriculture, industry, shipping, and trade lead to economic
expansion. Additionally, urbanization increased and there were many fundamental
changes in the British way of life. Laws also shaped the revolution, such as court
ruling in favour of propertyrights. An entrepreneurial spirit and consumer revolution
helped drive industrialisation in Britain. Now, these innovations brought revolution
by bringing political change in the society. For example, although the middle
developed and made its money from the factories and invested in new businesses
such as transport, they were deprived of the right of voting in elections and were not
represented in the parliament and the working class had large grievances over
terrible living and working conditions. Soon there were violent clashes between
working class people and government. Eventually, the people’s charterwas accepted
and the demands of the Chartists were achieved. This was a political revolution.
Similarly, technical innovations gave rise to child labour in factories and as a result,
Factory Reform Act was passed in which children were given assistance.

2. Individuals and Societies - History
It is also true that revolutions can lead to innovations. Again, looking at
industrial revolution, the government passed laws not only providing free education
but also old age pensions, free health care, and unemployment benefits. Revolution
comes when public demands for changes and government tries to incorporate those
changes by producing reforms or laws and by passing acts. Industrialization marked
a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production from
hand powered working methods (domestic system). The iron and textile industries,
along with the development of the steam engine, played central roles in the Industrial
Revolution, which also saw improved systems of transportation, communication and
banking. It is said that the invention of steam engines to drive machines was one of
the most important factors in the development of the Industrial Revolution.
Hence, this not only leads to industrialisation but also urbanisation and
commercialisation. The period between 1750 and 1850 was the period of Industrial
Revolution that was the consequence of various technological innovations and
revolutions.
Words: 468
Eiman Rana
MYP-V Armstrong
Bibliography
i. "4. Revolutions in the ancient world." Goldstone, Jack A. Revolutions: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University
Press, 2014. 41.
ii. Gottschalk, L. "Causes of Revolution." (1944). <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2770336>.
iii. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. "Wikipedia, thefree encyclopedia." Industrial Revolution 25 August 2017.