The World Health Organisation (WHO) has defined ‘Child Abuse’ as a violation of basic human rights of a child, constituting all forms of physical, emotional ill treatment, sexual harm, neglect or negligent treatment, commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual harm or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. ‘Child Neglect’ is stated to occur when there is failure of a parent/guardian to provide for the development of the child, when a parent/guardian is in a position to do so (where resources available to the family or care giver; distinguished from poverty).

2. CHILD ABUSE AND
NEGLECT
SUBMITTED BY
MS. PUSHPA JAISAL
MSC NSG 1ST YRS STUDENT

3. INTRODUCTION
• Child abuse includes physical violence
(75%),sexual molestation(20%),mental and
emotional (5%) maltreatment with negligence
,deprivation and lack of opportunity .The children
are abused at home ,school day care centre and
working places by the care takers and other
adults .

4. CHILD NEGLECT
Neglect is generally defined as
the failure of parents or other
person legally responsible for
the child’s welfare to provide for
the child’s basic needs and an
adequate level of care.

5. CHILD ABUSE
Child abuse or child
maltreatment is physical, sexual,
and/or psychological maltreatment especially by a
parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any
act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that
results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can
occur in a child's home, or in the organizations,
schools or communities the child interacts with.

6. Child neglect Child abuse
Lack of knowledge of child’s needs Poverty
Lack of recourses Mental illness
Caregiver substance abuse Overcrowding in family
Poor parenting skill Alcohol or drug abuse
Crisis situation and violence
Disturbances in family are
main causes which include arrival of more valuable child ,unwanted pregnancy
,single parent ,immature parents , angry frustrated parents and parents who were
abused in their childhood

7. TYPES OF NEGLECT
• Physical neglect: Involves the deprivation of
necessities, such as food, clothing, shelter, supervision,
medical care and education.
• Emotional neglect : Generally refer to failure to meet
the child’s needs for affection ,attention and emotional
nurturance

9. TYPES OF ABUSE
• Physical abuse : The deliberate infliction of physical injury on a
child, usually by the child’s caregiver ,is termed physical abuse
.physical abuse can include anything from bruises and fractures to
brain damage
• Sexual abuse: Sexual abuse refers to the participation of a child in
a sexual act aimed toward the physical gratification or the financial
profit of the person committing the act.

10. TERM
• Physical Abuse:- Any physical sexual activity between family
member, blood relationship is not required dose not include sexual
relation between legally sanctioned partners, such as spouses.
• Molestation:- A vague term that include “indecent liberties “ such
as touching, fondling kissing, single or mutual masturbation ,or oral
–genital contact

11. CONT….
• Exhibitionism :- Indecent exposure ,usually exposure of
the genitalia by an adult man to children or women.
• Child pornography:- Arranging and photographing, in
any media sexual acts involving children, alone or with
adults or animal, regardless of consent by the child’s
legal guardian also may denotes distribution of such
material in any form with or without profit.
• Child prostitution :Involving children in sex acts for profit
and usually with changing partners

12. CONT…
• Pedophilia : Literally means “love of child” and dose not denotes a
type of sexual activity but rather the preference of an adult for pre
pubertal children as the means of achieving sexual excitement .
• Emotional abuse: Emotional abuse may react by distancing
themselves from the abuser, internalizing the abusive words, or
fighting back by insulting the abuser. Emotional abuse can result in
abnormal or disrupted attachment development, a tendency for
victims to blame themselves (self-blame) for the abuse, learned
helplessness, and overly passive behaviour.

13. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF POTENTIAL
CHILD MALTREATED
• Physical neglect
• Suggestive physical finding
• Growth failure
• Sign of malnutrition ,thin extremities, abdominal distension ,lack of subcutaneous fat
• Poor personal hygiene
• Unclean or inappropriate dress
• Evidence of poor health care ,such delayed immunization ,untreated infection ,frequent
colds
• Frequent injuries from lack of supervision

14. EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND NEGLECT
•Growth failure
•Eating or feeding disorder
•Enuresis
•sleep disorder

15. PHYSICAL ABUSE
• Bruises and welts
• On face, lips, mouth ,back,
buttocks ,thighs
• Regular patter descriptive of
object used, such as belt buckle
,hand ,wire, hanger, chain
,wooden spoon ,squeeze and
pinch marks

16. BURNS :-
• On sole, palm, buttocks
•Pattern descriptive of object used , such as round cigar
or cigarrate
• burn ,on wrist or ankles from being bound ,burns in the
shape of an iron ,radiator ,or electric stove burner.

17. FRACTURE AND DISLOCATION
• Skull ,nose, or facial structures
• Injury denoting type of abuse ,such as spiral fracture or dislocation from
twisting of an extremity or whilplash from shaking the child
• Multiple new or old fracture in various stages of healing
• Sexual abuse
• Suggestive physical finding
• Bruises, bleeding ,laceration or irritation of external genitalia ,anus ,mouth or
throat

18. CONT….
• Torn, stained ,or bloody underclothing
• Pain on urination or pain ,swelling and itching of genital area
• Penile discharge
• Sexually transmitted infection
• Difficulty in walking and sitting
• Unusual odour in genital area
• Recurrent urinary tract infection
• Pregnancy in young adolescent

20. NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT
• Identification of instances suspected abuse or neglect
• Contact with abused child in an emergency department,
practioner office ,home ,day care centre ,or school
• Low for mandatory reporting to child maltreated, suspect child
abuse is reported to the local authorities.
• Caseworker is assigned to investigate the report
• Based on the finding ,the child is left in the home
• Nurse may be introduced as evidenced in court hearing
• Accurate and essential document
• Daily establish the progress record

21. SUPPORT THE CHILD
• Hospitalized
• Medical management of their injuries
• Allow further assessment of their safety needs
• Child should be treated with the usual physical needs,
developmental task ,and play interest
• The nurse child relationship is to provide a role model for the parent
in helping them to relate positivity and constructive to their child

22. PLAN FOR DISCHARGE
• Whenever child are send to foster home or juvenile institution ,they
must be allowed an opportunity to express their feeling
• They need help to understand why they must not return home and
that this new home is in no way a punishment
• Whenever possible ,foster parents are encourage to visit in the
hospital

23. PREVENT ABUSE
• Identify the risk factor such as mother who are teenager ,unmarried
or low socioeconomic status ,were noted to be effective prevention
• Nurse provided important information regarding growth and
development and routine health care needs ,served as informal
support person ,referred families to appropriate services
• Utilizing the safe environment for every kid
• Tech coping mechanism for prolonged crying

24. • Assigment on child abuse and neglect and its nurses responsibility .

25. Thank you