2. Millions of children are abused and
neglected every single day in the world.

3. "There is no more fundamental
test of a society than how it
treats its children."
By:
--Ronald Reagan

4. Everyday, about four children die in the United
States from child abuse.

5. Legal Definitions – “Child”
Child: any person who is under age 18 or who is
reasonably presumed to be under age 18.
For purposes of the Tennessee mandatory reporting
law, University students who are under age 18 are
not excluded from the definition of “child.”
Source: Tennessee Code Annotated § 37-1-102

6. Legal Definitions – “Abuse”
Abuse: exists when a person under age 18 is
suffering from, has sustained, or may be in
immediate danger of suffering from or sustaining a
wound, injury, disability, or physical or mental
condition caused by brutality, neglect, or other
actions or inactions of a parent, relative, guardian,
or caregiver.
Source: Tennessee Code Annotated § 37-1-102

7. Definition:
child abuse
All forms of physical, emotional , sexual
injury to a child or failure to prevent such
injury to a child (neglect).

8. Shaken baby syndrome (SBS)
Can be a fatal form of child abuse . Characterized by
intracranial hemorrhage ,retinal hemorrhage and loss
of consciousness due to vigorous shaking of the
infant .
Facts about SBS:
-shaking is more likely to be done by a male, fathers
make up 76% of all shakers .
-If the shaker is female it’s more likely to be the
babysitter.
-About 70 % of the victims are killed , other 30 % live
with severe permanent injuries.
-One in four babies die as a result of SBS.

10. Never Never shake a baby
Crying can’t kill a baby but shaking can

11. Three major components
of child abuse
Child
+
Care Giver
+
Stress
=
Child Abuse

13. Definition:
All forms of physical, emotional , sexual injury to a child or
failure to prevent such injury to a child (neglect).
Types:
1-Physical
2-Emotional
3-Sexual
4-Neglect

14. Key Findings: Characteristics of
Perpetrators
14
86
12 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Known Person Unknown Person No data
Percentage
Convicted Persons
Relationship of Perpetrators to Child Victim of
Sexual Abuse
“Children are at greatest risk of being sexually abused by people they know.
Children need to be aware of this risk and empowered to say ‘NO’.”

15. 83% of abuse is committed by a child’s
biological parents.

16. Diagnosis
1-Age of the child: Infants can be of any age, but
the majority are under 2 years. It’s more likely to be
male than female, unwanted or illegitimate child.
2-Social class: Any social class can be involved , but
the lower middle classes are the most at risk.
3-Clinical findings: more common in the skin and the
skeleton, Either:
- evidence of injury as old or recent bruises,
fractures, burns, scalds, bites, kicking, slapping..
-Or evidence of neglect i.e. the child may be starved
and dehydrated.

17. Key Findings: Characteristics of
Perpetrators
17
• 93% Perpetrators - Male
• 7% Perpetrators - Female
Sex
• 18 to 24 years: 32%
• 31 to 40 years: 27 %
Age Group
• 20% Convicted Not completed any level of Education
• 52% only completed elementary education
Education
Level
83% convicted were first-time offenders

18. Azmat Fatima

19. Physical abuse or battered child
syndrome

21. slapping

23. Burns

24. Emotional Abuse
Definition: intentional verbal or
behavioral acts that result in adverse
emotional consequences as rejection,
isolation, constant criticism … .
Physical indicators:
-speech disorders
-lags in physical development
behavioral indicators:
-conduct disorders (withdrawal,
destructiveness)
-behavioral extremes (aggressive or
passive)

25. Child Abuse

26. Sexual abuse
Definition: inappropriate sexual exposure or touch by an
adult to a child or an older child to younger one.
Physical indicators:
-difficulty in walking or sitting
-torn, stained or bloody underclothing
-pain or itching in the genital area
-bruises or bleeding in rectal / genital area
Behavioral indicators:
-age- inappropriate sexual knowledge
-changes in the personality
-sleep disturbances
-drop in school performance
Examples:
fondling, indecent exposure, incest, actual intercourse,
child prostitution.

27. Neglect
Definition:
-failure to provide sufficient food, clothing,
shelter, medical care, education to the child.
Physical indicator:
-constant hunger
-poor hygiene
-inappropriate clothing
Behavioral indicators:
-begging or stealing food
-frequent sleepiness.

28. Najaf ali

29. Presidential Degree no. 603
“Child and Youth Welfare Code”
Article 3 – Rights of a Child

30. Rights of a child
All children shall be entitled
to the rights without
distinction as to legitimacy
or illegitimacy, sex, social
status, religion, political
antecedents, and other
factors.

31. 12 rights of a child:
1) Every child has the right to be born well and must be cared
and raised well.

32. 12 rights of a child:
2) Every child has the right to live with a family
who loves, cares and teaches good morals to
him/her.

33. 12 rights of a child:
3) Every child has the right to have a proper
care and importance from other people.

34. 12 rights of a child:
4) Every child has the right to have the basic needs of
people such as food, water, shelter, clothing and health
care.

35. 12 rights of a child:
5) Every child has the right to have everything
he/she needs for a better life.

36. 12 rights of a child:
6) Every child has the right to be educated.

37. 12 rights of a child:
7) Every child has the right to play and enjoy whenever
they have the opportunity.

38. 12 rights of a child:
8) Every child has the right to be protected from
abuse of adults

39. 12 rights of a child:
9) Every child has the right to live peacefully away
from bad influences.

40. 12 rights of a child:
10) Every child has the right to be cared
whenever their parents are not available or
cannot sustain their needs.

41. 12 rights of a child:
11) Every child has the right to be living in a good
government who helps them strengthen their faith and to
become a better citizen

42. 12 rights of a child:
12) Every child has the right to grow up peacefully and
getting what they want for the good of their lives.

43. Zaeem Mujahid

44. Consequences of child abuse
• Death or disability in severe cases.
• Affective and behavior disorders.
• Developmental delay and learning difficulties.
• Failure to thrive and growth retardation.
• Predisposition to adult psychiatric disorders.
• An increased risk of the abused becoming an
abuser Abuse Cycle

45. Effects of Child Abuse
Child abuse & child sexual abuse can have lasting
physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal
consequences.

47. Effects of Child Abuse
Physical Psychological
Damage to brain and spinal cord
Impaired brain development
General poor health, including decreased
cardiovascular function, asthma,
hypertension, obesity, and malnutrition
Cognitive delay
Low I.Q.
Low self-esteem
Relationship difficulties in adulthood
Increased likelihood for psychiatric disorders
such as borderline personality, anxiety
disorder, and depression
Increased likelihood to develop antisocial traits
Behavioral Societal
Difficulties during adolescence, including grade
repetition, substance abuse, truancy,
delinquency, and pregnancy
More likely to engage in sexual risk-taking
More likely to smoke cigarettes, abuse alcohol,
and engage in illicit drug use
Increased likelihood to engage in youth and
interpersonal violence
Child maltreatment is more costly annually than
the two leading health concerns, stroke and
type 2 diabetes
Indirect costs associated with increased use of
health care facilities, criminal activity, mental
illness, substance abuse, and violence

48. Law of the Land
• According to Constitution of Pakistan.
• Article 19.
• 1. State Parties shall take all appropriate legislative,
administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child
from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse,
neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation
including sexual abuse, while in the care of parents, legal guardians
or any other person who has the care of the child.
• 2. Such protective measures should, as appropriate, include
effective procedures for the establishment of social programmes to
provide necessary support for the child and for those who have the
care of the child, as well as for other forms of prevention and for
identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and
follow up of instances of child maltreatment described hereafter,
and, as appropriate, for judicial involvement.

49. According to Pakistan Penal Code
• “354-B. Molestation with sexual motive.-
Whoever with sexual motive resorts to act of
fondling, stroking, caressing, pornography,
exhibitionism or inducing or intimidating any
person, with or without his knowledge, to submit
for such act, shall be
punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to seven
years or with fine or with both.
•

50. Ask yourself…
Who would ever
want to hurt a
child?
“No one,” you say.

56. Shayyan Malik

57. Recommendations
57

58. • Law should be implemented In later
and sprit.
• Parents should let their kids know what
is sexual abuse and how to handle,
when someone approaches you.
• In order to curb this evil, those involved
should be given exemplary
punishments.

59. • If a child, that will be an adult someday
is physically and psychologically strong
at peace then he could productively
participate in the development of
society.

60. • Schools, NGOs all the social agencies
that are contributing in society should
run seminars and conferences in order
to educate the people concerned,
specially parents.