The seminar on child abuse highlights child neglect as the most prevalent form of maltreatment, affecting children's basic needs and emotional support. It addresses types of abuse, including physical, emotional, and sexual, outlining necessary medical, psychological, and social interventions as well as the importance of reporting to child protective services. The document emphasizes the need for trained professionals to recognize and provide care for abused and neglected children while also offering support to the families involved.

1. SEMINAR ON CHILD ABUSE
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4. CHILD ABSUE
INTRODUCTION –
Child neglect is the most common form of maltreatment. Neglect is generally
defined as the failure of a parent or other person legally responsible for the child’s
welfare to provide for the child’s basic needs and an adequate level of care.
TYPES OF NEGLECT –
PHYSICAL NEGLECT – involves the deprivation of necessities such as food, clothing,
shelter, supervision, medical care & education.
EMOTIONAL NEGLECT – refers to failure to meet the child’s needs for affection, attention
and emotional nurturance.
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5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The pathophysiology is the result of injuries that may be due to beating, twisting the
extremities, punching, scalding or burning with cigarettes.
SINGS AND SYMPTOMS- Mainly consist
primarily of bruises, scratches, burns,
hematomas and fractures of long bones, ribs
or skull as well as discomfort and pain.
neglect, is the chronic failure of adults to
protect the child from obvious physical danger
or to provide the care needed.
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8. TREATMENT
• Appropriate medical, surgical and psychiatric treatment should be promptly initiated.
• The law requires that a child suspected of being abused or neglected be reported immediately to
child protective services (CPS).
• Suspected abuse child should not be discharged from the clinic or office without consulting the
country CPS.
• Hospitals caring for children should have a team of professionals who are trained & skilled in child
abuse recognition, reporting and services. This team should include a pediatrician, a hospital social
worker, a pediatric nurse, a psychologist or psychiatrist and a data coordinator.
• Provide symptomatic treatment to the child.
• Provide more intensive surveillance and well child case for the abused and neglected children.
• Abused children need good physical case and love.
• Provide psychological support to the child and parents.
• Provide the counseling to the parents regarding to child rearing, positive parents behaviors and
involvement of parents in child's care activity.
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10. FACTORS PREDISPOSING TO PHYSICAL ABUSE :
The exact cause of abuse is not known but three major criteria
• Parental characteristics.
• Characteristics of child.
• Environmental characteristics.
Parental Characteristic- Violence, Poverty, Parental history of abuse, Socially isolated,
Low self esteem, Less adequate maternal functioning.
Characteristic of Child - No. of children’s, Child's temperament, Position in the family,
Additional physical needs if ill or disabled, Activity level or degree of sensitivity to
parental needs. Occasionally the abused child is ill e.g. it is mate, unwanted, brain
damaged, hyper active or physically disabled.
Environmental Characteristics - Chronic stress, Problem of divorce, Poverty,
Unemployment, Poor housing, Frequent relocation, Alcoholism, Drug addiction.
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14. EMOTIONAL ABUSE AND NEGLECT
SUGGESTIVE PHYSICAL FINDINGS –
• Failure to thrive.
• Feeding disorders, such as rumination
• Enuresis
SUGGESTIVE BEHAVIORS –
• Self-stimulatory behavior such as biting, rocking.
• During infancy, lack of social smile and stranger anxiety.
• Withdrawal
• Unusual fearful ness
• Antisocial behavior, such as destructiveness, stealing, cruelty
• Lags in emotional and intellectual development, especially language
• Suicide attempts.
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15. PARENTS ANONYMOUS
Self – Help, non profit groups called parents Anonymous have been organized
across the country.
Ideally, each abusive individual should have a normal adult who can assume
the role of parent.
The main objective is to establish a positive parent- child relationship and to
restore the parents self confidence by changing old habits one step at a
time. These self help groups need the support and encouragement of the
nurses as a professional or as a friend.
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18. SEXUAL ABUSE
Sexual abuse includes any activity with a child, before the age of legal consent that is for the
sexual gratification of an adult or a significantly older child. Sexual abuse includes oral - genital,
genital - genital, genital - rectal, hand - genital, hand - rectal or hand breast contact; exposure of
sexual anatomy, forced viewing of sexual anatomy; and showing of pornography to a child or
using a child in the production of pornography.
Types Of Sex Abuse
• SEXUAL PLAY – The other hand may be defined as viewing or touching of the genitals,
buttocks or chest by pre adolescent children 4 separated by not more than 4 years, in which
these has been no force or coercion.
• INCEST –Any physical sexual activity between family members; alone relationship is not
required causes can include step parents, upper siblings, grand parents, aunts and uncles does
not include sexual relations between legally sanctioned parents such as spouses. E.g. Brother-
sister.
• MOLESTATION – A vague term that includes “indecent liberties”, such as touching, foundling,
kissing, single or mutual masturbations, or oral- genital contact.
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19. • EXHIBITIONISM – Indecent exposure, usually exposure of the genitals by an adult to
children or other adults.
• CHILD PORNOGRAPHY – Arranging and photographing in any media sexual acts
involving children, either alone or with adults or animals, regardless of consent by the
child's legal guardian; also may denote distribution of such material in any form with or
with out profit.
• CHILD PROSTITUTION – Involving children in sex acts for profit and usually with
changing partners.
• PEDOPHILIA – Laterally means “Love of child” and does not denote a type of sexual
activity but the preference for pre pubertal children as the means of achieving sexual
excitement.
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20. TREATMENT –
• It is a criminal offense and is investigated by the police.
• All victims of sexual abuse require psychological support.
• The consequences and appropriate therapy of sexual abuse vary, depending on the type
of abuse; the age and other physical and emotional factors in the victim.
• The therapist may recommend that the victim of incest be returned home he the
perpetrator is out of the home.
• Medication to prevent pregnancy may be given to post monarchal girls with in the
previous 72 hour intercourse.
• Treatment with antibiotics is initiated to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
• The offending parents and spouse should be referred for psychiatric or psychological
evaluation.
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21. NURSING CARE OF SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN
• Nurse must be aware of the presenting symptoms that frequently mask sexual abuse (abdominal pain,
somatic complaints with no identifiable cause).
• Nurse must be able to support a patient / after disclosure.
• The nurse who understands the investigative assessment procedure will be able to judge.
• Nurse suggestions about age – appropriate ways to gather data can be valuable to the interviewer.
• The nurse provides support to the patient and family and to record accurately child behavior and child –
parent interactions.
TREATMENT –
• It is a criminal offense and is investigated by the police.
• All victims of sexual abuse require psychological support.
• The consequences and appropriate therapy of sexual abuse vary, depending on the type of abuse; the
age and other physical and emotional factors in the victim.
• The therapist may recommend that the victim of incest be returned home he the perpetrator is out of
the home.
• Medication to prevent pregnancy may be given to post monarchal girls with in the previous 72 hour
intercourse.
• Treatment with antibiotics is initiated to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.
• The offending parents and spouse should be referred for psychiatric or psychological evaluation.
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22. FOR MORE DETAILS, CONTACT US AT:
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