This document discusses the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster in Ukraine. It provides context about the disaster, including that reactor 4 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded on April 26, 1986, causing the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. It then discusses the short-term and long-term effects of the disaster, as well as factors that contributed to it like safety violations and issues with the reactor design. It also analyzes the response and leadership after the disaster, criticizing the Soviet government's coverup and secrecy but praising the efforts of cleanup workers. Lastly, it outlines leadership lessons learned from Chernobyl around predicting risks, response planning, and leader characteristics like decision-making and problem-

2. ☢GROUP 1 :
•Tran Hong Dao
•Ngo Thi Xuan Uyen
•Vo Tung Thien An
•Nguyen Phan Dang
•Huynh Thanh Nguyen

3. ☢CONTEXT
•Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
in Pripyat, Ukraine
•Saturday, 26 April 1986, at 01:23, reactor 4
exploded
•The Chernobyl disaster is the WORST
nuclear power plant accident in history

4. ☢CAUSES
•Personnel knowingly ignored regulations
and turned off many key safety systems.
•Power plant managers lack of
experience and training.
•Fault in RBMK (Reactor Bolshoy
Moshchnosty Kanalny) reactor design

5. ☢ACTIONS
• Because of the inaccurate low readings, the
reactor crew chief Alexander Akimov stayed
with his crew until morning.
• Firefighters arrived to try to extinguish
the fires but no one told about radiation.
• The evacuation began at 14:00 on 27 April,
most of the residents left their personal belongings

7. ☢EFFECTS OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER
1. Short-term health effects and immediate results
2. Long-term health effects

8. ☢Short-term health effects and
immediate results
•In France, the government then claimed that the radioactive cloud had stopped at
the Italian border.
•Belarus received about 60% of the contamination that fell on the former soviet
union.
•A large area in Russia south of Bryansk was also contaminated, as were parts of
northwestern Ukraine.

10. •203 people were hospitalized
immediately, of whom 31 died
(28 of them died from acute
radiation exposure)
•135,000 people were evacuated
from the area, including 50,000
from the nearby town of
Pripyat, Ukraine
•Health officials have predicted
that over the next 70 years there
will be a 2% increase in cancer
rates in much of the population

11. 1.1: workers and liquidators
•The workers involved in the recovery
and cleanup after the disaster, called
"liquidators“
•Between 300,000 and 600,000 people
were involved in the cleanup of the 30
km evacuation zone around the reactor.
•A sevenfold increase in DNA mutations
has been identified in children of
liquidators

12. 1.2: Plant and animal
Oxidative stress and low levels of antioxidants have had severe consequences :
•The development of the nervous system (including reduced brain size and
impaired cognitive abilities)
•Increased rate of physical abnormalities
•Invertebrate populations (including bumblebees, butterflies, grasshoppers,
dragonflies, and spiders) has significantly decreased.

13. •Most of the radionuclides in surrounding water areas were found in the sediments
at the bottom of the lakes.
•Changes in chromosomal in plant and animal aquatic organisms
• The natural decontamination processes of nucleotides with longer half-lives can
take many years

15. ☢LONG – TERM HEALTH EFFECT
•Over 300,000 people were resettled because of the disaster; millions lived and
continue to live in the contaminated area.
•An increased incidence of thyroid cancer among children in areas of Belarus,
Ukraine and Russia.
• Epidemiological studies have been hampered in the Ukraine, Russian federation
and Belarus.
• The political nature of nuclear energy may have affected scientific studies

17. ☢BAD LEADERSHIP
• The cover up of Soviet period, which led by Mikhail Gorbachev
makes it difficult to find out victims. The list id incomplete and Soviet
authorities later forbade doctors to write the word “radiation” in the
death certificates.
• The operators were not informed about the issues of the reactors.
Designers knew that the reactors would encounter dangerous in some
conditions but concealed intentionally that information.
• Power plant management largely consists of people who have not been
trained in the type of RBMK reactor. Ex: director who experienced
and trained on coal – fired power plants. His chief engineer also
worked at a conventional power plant, assistant chief engineer of
reactors have only some experiences in the small nuclear reactor.
The leader lacked considerable responsibility. The safety rule
was not considered as the most important thing.

18. • The fallout was detected to Sweden, Norway and Finland, which are more than 1,600 km. The
level of radiation is large enough to proclaim a state of alarm. However, Gorbachev and Soviet
Union still refuse to recognize disaster at Chernobyl. Under the pressure of three countries.
Gorbachev provided a statement: “ an accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant,
one of reactor was damaged. Measures have been taken to deal with the consequences”.
• In the city for factory workers and their families from reactor 2km, life still occur normally, they
just received the orders to evacuate after the explosion 36 hours. They completely unaware of the
huge amount of radiation being up on them.

19. • Two weeks later, the soviet government and Gorbachev
admitted officially a nuclear disaster be existing in Ukraine.
The secrecy led to confusion when people began to knew a
few things.
• Many years after the disaster, Gorbachev and his government
did not have any measures in an effort to prevent the spread of
radiation really effective. There are still 160 tons of
radioactive were under the ground and no one ensure whether
that can explode anytime.
• Greenpeace organization on the world said that 93,000 people
are possible to die due to the infection of radiation.
Meanwhile, according to official figures, there are only 31
victims were killed immediately after the blast.

20. • Serious mistakes of the plant operators were agents as well led to the
accident. They have violated the principle of safety production and perform
some actions are not allowed during testing electrical equipment in reactor
number 4.
• Major causes of disaster in 1986 did not seem to be the weak level of nuclear
technology at that time but the main reason was the law and human. It is
believed that a strong rule of law requires three elements:
1. Law must be affirmed about theory and evidenced by the fact.
2. Legislation must be built perfect, it means that complete, accurate,
feasible, not conflict and explicit.
3. People have to enforce the law. Chernobyl happened because of lax
safety regulations, the less secure designs were permitted for construction,
while the operator underestimated the rules.

21. • After explosion, government still allowed Chernobyl nuclear
power plant continues to produce electricity more 14 years after
the disaster and only closed completely in 2000 because of
international pressure.
• The consequences of the Chernobyl disaster could imagine in fact
that, the generation caused the accident can not solve the root
causes by themselves. They just have enough ability hold back the
damages and wait for the next generation resolve definitively.
• Director of the international atomic energy agency (IAEA), called
it "a disaster but as an important turning point for the IAEA". It
shook the world's confidence in the safety of nuclear energy, giant
clean energy which is believed that humanity would never have to
worry about energy shortages again .

22. ☢GOOD LEADERSHIP
• Despite of the visible death as a huge amount of radiation, people who
involved in remedy consequences of reactor No. 4 still rush into there
bravely. They are who pumped water into the reactors and cleaning it
with liquid nitrogen.
• Thousands of people spent the summer of 1986 to build a concrete
coffin to seal reactor was well deserved honor for bravery.
• Before threat to life on such a broad scale, the Soviet government
mobilized almost the entire strength, power and wisdom of the
Chernobyl to the rescue. More than 600 thousand people are focusing
here to join the campaign to move radioactive substances.

23. ☢LEADERSHIP LESSON LEARNED FROM CHERNOBYL
• VISION IN GENERAL
• PREDICT THE RISK WHEN A PROBLEM OCCUR.
• IF A PROBLEM OCCURRED WE SOLVED IN WHICH WAY?
• CHARACTERISTIC OF LEADER

24. ☢GENERAL VISION
• SHORT TERM STRATEGY
• LONG TERM STRATEGY

25. PREDICT THE RISK WHEN A PROBLEM OCCUR

26. IF A PROBLEM OCCURRED WE SOLVED IN WHICH WAY
IS THIS PROBLEM SERIOUS?
+ IMMEDIATE WAY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM.
+ LONG WAY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM

27. ☢CHARACTERISTIC OF LEADER
• MAKING A RIGHT DECISION IN A RIGHT TIME
• THE ABILITY IN SOLVING A PROBLEM
• FACING THE CHALLENGE
• TAKE A RISK