The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history. It occurred during a safety test at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. The explosions and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere that spread over much of the western Soviet Union and Europe. Over 100,000 people were evacuated from the most contaminated areas near the plant. The accident exposed hundreds of thousands of recovery workers to high levels of radiation and caused an increase in reported cases of thyroid cancer. Long-term health and environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident are still being investigated.

1. CHERNOBYL
DISASTER

2. WHAT IS CHERNOBYL?
The Chernobyl nuclear disaster started
early on Saturday 26 April 1986 within
the chambers of Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Plant.

3. • Occurred in the 4th reactor of nuclear power plant
• It is considered the worst nuclear disaster in history both in terms of cost and casualties
• Decontamination of the environment, ultimately involved more than 500,000 personnel
• Cost an estimated 18 billion Soviet rubles

4. • On 25 April, the reactor crew at Chernobyl 4 began preparing for a test.
• A series of operator actions, including the disabling of automatic shutdown mechanisms,
preceded the attempted test.
• Intense steam generation spread throughout the whole core causing a steam explosion.
• second explosion threw out fragments from the fuel channels and hot graphite
• A total of about 14 EBq of radioactivity was released.
• 5000 tonnes of boron, dolomite, sand, clay, and lead were dropped on to the burning core.
• Construction of the Sarcophagus.
THE DAY OF INCIDENT

5. AFTER
BEFORE

6. IMMEDIATE IMPACT OF THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
• The accident caused the largest uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment
• Doses received by the firefighters and power plant workers were high enough to result in acute radiation syndrome
• About 200,000 people from all over the Soviet Union were involved in the recovery
• UNSCEAR stated that, average radiation dose received by inhabitants of 'strict radiation control' areas was 31 mSv
• Initial radiation exposure in contaminated areas was due to short-lived iodine-131
• The plant operators' town of Pripyat was evacuated on 27 April
• Further 220,000 people were resettled into less contaminated areas

8. • People in the area have suffered a paralyzing fatalism
• Psycho-social effects affected by the accident are similar to those arising from other major disasters
such as earthquakes, floods, and fires
• 1 million abortions were undertaken in the Soviet Union and Europe due to incorrect advice from
doctors about radiation exposure
LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS

10. PROGRESSIVE CLOSURE
• In the early 1990s, some $400 million was spent on improvements to the remaining reactors
at Chernobyl.
• Workers and their families now live in a new town, Slavutych
• Ukrainian was in debt to, Russia for energy supplies, particularly oil and gas, but also nuclear
fuel.
• Construction of these was halted in 1989 but then resumed, and both reactors came online
late in 2004
• Financed by Ukraine rather than international grants as expected on the basis of Chernobyl's
closure.

11. Belarus government had decided to settle back thousands of people in the 'contaminated areas’.
Specialists in Belarus stressed that it is safe to eat all foods cultivated in the contaminated territories.
There were also 1904 villages with annual average effective doses.
In 2011 Chernobyl was officially declared a tourist attraction, with many visitors.
Net environmental effect of the accident has been much greater biodiversity and abundance of species
• Belarus government had decided to settle back thousands of people in the
'contaminated areas’.
• Specialists in Belarus stressed that it is safe to eat all foods cultivated in
the contaminated territories.
• There were also 1904 villages with annual average effective doses.
• In 2011 Chernobyl was officially declared a tourist attraction, with many
visitors.
• Net environmental effect of the accident has been much greater
biodiversity and abundance of species
RESETTLEMENT OF CONTAMINATED AREAS

12. SOCIAL CONDITIONS/HEIGHTENED VULNERABILITY
● Soviet ego - nuclear dominance
● Men (sacrificed) to hoist flag above ventilation tower to symbolize “victory over
radioactivity”
● Mostly affected rural- agricultural areas
● Detrimental effects to livestock + flora
● Before accident- young families
● After accident- older residents who did not relocate

13. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
● Psycho-social impacts on residents and evacuees
● Thyroid Cancer rose to 5.6 times its normal rate
● Refuge for many species of fauna
● Dispersion of radionuclides and fission fragments into atmosphere
● Sudden Death of liquidators

15. Thank You!